Yalelani Kliment Voroshilov: biography, usapho

Imbali ukubangisana yileyo, eSoviet Union kukho nobuninzi zombini yobuqhawe kunye izahluko zimnyama. Oku ayikwazanga kodwa ushiye istampu kwi ngabantu abathile kwabo ukuwulawula. Phakathi kwezi bantu isebenza Kliment Voroshilov. Waphila ubomi obude ubomi, nto leyo olungenayo ubuqhawe, kodwa isazela sakhe kakhulu ubomi babantu, ngenxa yokuba isiginitsha yakhe phantsi uluhlu ezininzi kwizikrelemnqa.

Kliment Voroshilov: biography

edumileyo inkokeli yomkhosi yiSoviet elizayo wazalwa ngo-1881 kwilali kwiphondo Upper Ekaterinoslav (ngoku Lisichansk). Uyise - Efrem Andreevich Voroshilov - wayesebenza kaloliwe kunye nomama wakhe - Maria V. - kanzima imini.

Le ntsapho yayingamahlwempu kakhulu, kunye neminyaka 7 Clement waqalisa ukusebenza njengomalusi. Kwiminyaka 1893-1895 waya kwisikolo Zemstvo kwilali Vasilevka, leyo wemka emva kweminyaka emibini ukuya kungena Yurievskoe lweshishini metallurgical. Ngowe-1903 lo mfana waya Lugansk, apho waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla isityalo kaloliwe Hartmann.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumalungiselelo kwe revolution

Kanye bume kwabasebenzi abaziingcali, oselula Kliment Voroshilov waba inxaxheba kwimisebenzi anti-government. Ngokukodwa, ngoko nangoko wacela ukuba ajoyine ezintlwini RSDLP, yaye kunyaka olandelayo waba lilungu lekomiti Luhansk yamaBolshevik. Ngexesha revolution 1905, Voroshilov wayonwabile ugwayimbo lwabasebenzi kunye namashishini asekuhlaleni inxaxheba ekulungelelaniseni amaqembu ekulweni. Wonyulwa komthunywa th 4 th 5 Party Congress. Ngowe-1908 wathunyelwa iqela e Baku, apho abekuhambisa umsebenzi party efihlakeleyo. Ekubuyeni kwakhe Petrograd waqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe yotshintsho olululo. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabanjwa waza elubhacweni. Ngokukodwa, iinyanga ezimbalwa wathunyelwa phantsi esweni ngamapolisa Cherdynsky enyeleni kwiphondo Arkhangelsk.

iminyaka 1917-1918

Emva kokuba February Revolution Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich wonyulwa lilungu Petrograd Soviet kunye RDA lesithandathu Party Congress. Emva koko wathunyelwa lweenkobe Luhansk wakhe, apho ngoMatshi 1917 koko wabubhekisa ikomiti yasekuhlaleni iiBolsheviks, ukususela ngo-Agasti - The City Council kunye State Duma.

Iziganeko olululo imihla waqeshwa kwisikhundla Commissioner of the Petrograd Revolutionary Military Committee igunya lendawo. Ngelo xesha, yena F. Dzerzhinsky wawusebenza phezu nokucwangciswa Cheka.

Imeko eziya zisiba mbi Ukraine kwakhokelela ekubeni ngoMatshi 1918, Kliment Voroshilov wabuyela ekhaya, walungelelanisa Yokuqala Lugansk kwecala, bakhokelwa ekhusela eKharkov evela imikhosi yaseJamani-Austria.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil

Wangqineka umphathi nesibindi kwi Ukraine Kliment alimwi kunyulwa kamsinya butho zeqela Tsaritsyn. Ngokubhekele phaya, umsebenzi wakhe leyo ngakumbi, kwaye ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, wayebambe izikhundla ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ngokukodwa, Kliment Voroshilov waba isekela ngqwayi kunye nelungu Military Council of Southern Front, wakhokela Army 10, yaBantu Commissariat of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Military District eKharkov kunye Front yangaphakathi Ukrainian. Ukongeza, nguye umququzeleli kunye nelungu Revolutionary Military Council of Yokuqala-Calvary Army.

Enye amaphepha ezinzima iibhayografi ka Voroshilov waba nenxaxheba yakhe ngowe-1921 xa kwezithandani ye yokuvukela Kronstadt. Emva kwezi ziganeko, wamiselwa njengelungu South-East Bureau of the Party Committee Central, kwakunye kwaloo ngqwayi-ngqwayi North Caucasus IN.

Ukususela 1924 kwada 1925 yena umphathi le Moscow Military weSithili kunye ilungu Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR.

Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuba eli xesha Voroshilov umxhasi Bolshoi Theatre yaye yaziwa njenge ngumthandi omkhulu ballet.

Eposini lezoKhuselo Commissar

Emva kokufa uMikhail Frunze, Voroshilov waba usihlalo Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR waza wakhokelela isebe yomkhosi wamanzi kweli lizwe, yaye kule minyaka 1934-1940 - yaBantu Commissariat lezoKhuselo eSoviet Union.

Xa zizonke, sikhundla kubanjwa phantse-15, nto leyo uhlobo irekhodi elo xesha eSoviet. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich (1881-1969) wayesaziwa abaxhasi unyanisekileyo kukaStalin wamnika inkxaso sisebenzayo ekulweni noTrotsky. Ngo-Oktobha 1933, wayehamba kunye nabathunywa karhulumente eTurkey, apho, kunye Ataturk yamkela yayiqandusela yasemkhosini e Ankara.

NgoNovemba 1935, isigqibo CEC kunye Sovnarkom ye-USSR kwakhe wawongwa isihloko elisandula kusekwa kaMarshal eSoviet Union.

kweminyaka 5 kamva, yena ugxothiwe post kwakhe Commissar, njengoko Stalin akazange ukuhlangabezana nokulindelweyo ngexesha i-Finnish War. Noko ke, Voroshilov na limisiwe, waza wamiselwa intloko woMbutho Committee SNK eSoviet Union.

Inxaxheba Kliment Voroshilov ukuba repressions Stalin xa

Kweli thuba ukususela 1937 ukuya 1938, Voroshilov, phakathi kwezinye abameli ezininzi elite yiSoviet yezopolitiko inxaxheba uviwo kwezi zintlu zabantu, nto leyo kwakumele ukuba ukohlwaya ngenkoliseko lobuqu Stalin kaThixo. Bonke abo wazibuyisa kamva shot. Ngoko ke, Voroshilov usayino ifumaneka kwi kuluhlu 185, nto leyo amagama abantu 18.000.

Njengelungu le Politburo, uClement Voroshilov yamkela ekuthiwa-emisiwe, r. E. Inani quota zinganakwa. Ngokukodwa, ngoAprili 1938, yena, kunye Stalin, Kaganovich, Molotov kunye Yezhov yasayinwa affirmative isigqibo, awathi ngenxa kummandla Irkutsk inani labantu abaya ukubulawa ngokudutyulwa, inyusiwe ngabantu 4 000.

Njengoko Abantu Commissar lezoKhuselo Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo intshutshiso ngqo nxamnye nabathetheli-Red Army, kwiminyaka yokuqala yemfazwe oko kwaba nemiphumo emibi. Ngoko ke, ngenye kwizintlu, eyenziwa ngamagama 26 ngqwayi, wathi: "Iqabane Yezhov. Thabatha bonke iindlavini ... "

Ngexesha Mpi Enkulu Patriotic

Ukususela ekuqaleni imfazwe K. E. Voroshilov, ilungu leKomiti yoKhuselo State, nayo yabamba izikhundla:

• Alimwi ulwalathiso North-West (ukuya ku 05/09/41);
• umphathi phambi Leningrad;
• iirhafu omele ukuze kwakhiwe-mkhosi;
• intloko Trophy Committee T-ndleko;
• Alimwi nhlangano yabanqolobi ;
• USihlalo weKhomishini phezu ukuxolelana.

imisebenzi Post-imfazwe

Kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kwemfazwe, Marshal Voroshilov wakhokela Allied Control Commission e Hungary. Okuhamba, de-1953, waba uSekela Sihlalo USSR Council of yaBaphathiswa. Kwaye emva kweminyaka 7 elikhokelwa Elawulayo of the Supreme yiSoviet USSR.

Ukufa yomngcwabo

Kliment Voroshilov, umsebenzi ukukhula ebudeni bamashumi yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wayeka ngenxa kukudodobala, wafa ngoDisemba 2, 1969 eneminyaka engama-89. Yalelani wangcwatyelwa eMoscow, incwadi yesicelo udonga phezu Red Square. Ngokutsho akhawunti wanamhla, kwakusele omkhulu inkonzo yomngcwabo lokuqala kangaka ndlelantle ukuya laseburhulumenteni yeminyaka USSR amabini badlula ukususela komngcwabo Zhdanov.

Family kunye nabantwana

umfazi Kliment Voroshilov - Golda Davidovna Gorbman - kwavela wokholo lwamaJuda, kodwa ke ngenxa lomtshato kunye intanda yakhe babhaptizwa waza wathabatha igama uCatherine. Esi senzo Bamqumbisa izalamane yamaYuda wentombazana, ngubani ngisho uqalekisiwe. Ngowe-1917, Catherine Davidovna wazimanya RSDLP kunye iminyaka emininzi wayesebenza njengoko lisekela mlawuli we Museum V. I. Lenina.

Kwenzeka ukuba lo kwintsapho esondeleleneyo Voroshilovs abe nabantwana babo. Noko ke, bathabatha phezu bekhulisa abantwana abazinkedama M. V. Frunze: Timur, owabulawelwa ngaphambili ngo-1942, kunye Tatiana. Ukongeza, ngo-1918, esi sibini yamkela inkwenkwe uPetros, owathi kamva waba nomyili odumileyo, wesuka waya isikhundla uLieutenant jikelele. Kuyo sibini waba abazukulwana ezimbini - kunye Vladimir Klim.

bamxolele

Klim Voroshilov i knight phantse zonke amabhaso ephezulu ye-USSR. Ngokukodwa, yena kabini wafumana isihloko Hero eSoviet Union.

Yena 8 IMbasa ye uLenin 6 - Olubomvu Banner, kunye nezinye iimbasa ezininzi, kuquka amazwe angaphandle. Ngokukodwa, umthetheli ligorha eMongolia, a Knight Grand Cross of Finland, kwakunye ngummi Wawongwa isixeko Turkish ka Izmir.

Ugcino lwe memory

Ngexesha ubomi K. E. Voroshilov waba ngoyena ezukisiwe wamajoni War Civil, emva koko wabhala ingoma ekuthiwa iifama ezihlangeneyo, iinqanawa, imizi-mveliso kunye njalo njalo. D.

Imbeko yakhe, kwathiwa igama izixeko ezininzi:

• Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk) ulinike igama kabini abuyisela igama zembali kuphela ngo-1990.
• Voroshilovsk (Alchevsk). Kule ukulawula dolophu ebutsheni bakhe waza waqalisa imisebenzi yakhe iqela ukusebenza.
• Voroshilov (Ussuriysk, Primor).
• Voroshilovsk (aseStavropol, ukususela 1935 ukuya 1943).

Ngaphezu koko, igama lakhe enxibe kwisithili Khoroshevsky kwemali eyinkunzi kunye kwisithili usembindini isixeko IDonetsk.

Nanamhla oku, Voroshilov isitalato apho yentlaninge izixeko USSR. Phakathi kwabo, i-Hot Key, Togliatti, Brest, Orenburg, Penza, Ershov, Serpukhov, Korosten, Angarsk, Voronezh, iyavuma, Klintsy, Kemerovo, Lipetsk, Rybinsk, eSt Petersburg, Simferopol, eChelyabinsk Izhevsk. E Rostov-on-Don naye Voroshilov Avenue.

singakhankanya ngokukhethekileyo ufanelwe ibheji ukuba linikwe Abatoli ezininzi, ovunywe ekupheleni kuka-1932 yaye igama "Voroshilov elidubula". Ngokutsho bucala iinkumbulo zabantu ndandiselula kule minyaka pre-imfazwe, kwaba ehlonitshwe ukunxiba, kwaye ulutsha wafuna ukuba nilufanele icon.

Imbeko Klima Efremovicha kwathiwa kananjalo wabathiya uthotho lamatanki KV, ziveliswe kwi Putilov mveliso, yaye kwiminyaka 1941-1992 oko abathwele igama Military Academy of the General Staff omkhosi USSR.

Monument ku Kliment Voroshilov efakiweyo engcwabeni lakhe. Kwaye eMoscow kule nombolo yendlu 3 Romanov Lane abe wazisa isitya lenkumbulo.

Ngoku uyazi ezinye izibakala biography of odumileyo Soviet zomkhosi ngqwayi kunye iqela nenkokeli Klima Efremovicha Voroshilova. yomkhaya Wonderful kunye ngokuthanda enkulu kwilizwe lakhe, yena, kodwa ke, kule minyaka zocindezelo kaStalin wathumela ngokufa kwabantu amawaka aliqela, inkoliso yabo abaye nto anetyala oko, kwathiwa wathetha ekufeni.