Ngumba Indlala: ukuvala enkulu indawo

Ngasekupheleni imi- 20-zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngayo kucaca ukuba nep (umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha mveliso) akayi kuba nako ukunika utshintsho fast and ngempumelelo kuqoqosho mveliso evela kwezolimo, yaye zibonelela sokufezekisa yokhuselo lwesizwe kwimfazwe kunokwenzeka.

Ngoko ke Union, yamaBolshevik Party elikhokelwa Stalin iqalise ulawulo lwezoqoqosho omtsha. Ngexesha ubukho kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo ngokuba "idabi enkulu".

izimiso mode

Le ntlekele inkulu ka-1929 yayisekelwe ngezoshishino jikelele kwimveliso, kwaye ke collectivization kwezolimo. Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke uyathinjwa iifama zabucala kunye ookopolotyeni ezincinane, kwaye ziphinde zibuye Kwamiswa kwiifama ezidityanelweyo - iifama ehlangeneyo. Zonke izibonelelo bakwezolimo, ngokutsho iiBolsheviks, ezandleni yabasebenzi, kodwa eneneni - urhulumente.

Wenziwe ingcinezelo mass amaqela athile asekuhlaleni (kwiimeko ezininzi nxamnye umlimi oohlohlesakhe - "kulaks"). Abalimi Enecala ke kusetyenziswa omsebenzi amanani inani elikhulu iiprojekthi zokwakha ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

"Break Enkulu" kuthethe ukuba lizwe abadinga kombuso mveliso jikelele, yaye ngenxa yale njongo urhulumente kwakufuneka isixa esikhulu kwezibonelelo - zombini izinto ekrwada kunye nabasebenzi. Ukuze wenze oku, siya kuba bandakanyeka seDonetsk, Krivoy Rog kunye nezinye okudada ezininzi manganese, amalahle, iidipozithi webauxite.

ngesimo

Ngokwahlukileyo kuzo zonke kulindelekileyo, urhulumente eyona wayengeyiyo ezilungileyo kweli lizwe. Xa Stalin ivule "yenguqu ezinkulu", akazange aqonde ukuba abalimi akukho lula ukuyeka ipropati yabo kurhulumente. procurements grain bobundlobongela bephelekwa baziphatha ukunganeliseki, kwaye ngenxa yoko - u khomiwile kunye nomonakalo kweefama. ekugqibeleni Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni noqhankqalazo abaninzi. Nabalimi belizwe xa bebonke, engafuni ukunika imfuyo yabo, nengqwebo, izilwanyana ixhelwe ngabom kwaye izityalo yehlise.

Le State mvukelo wamphendula kakhulu, ukuthumela amajoni ngokukhethekileyo iidolophana. Kunye nenkxaso yomkhosi kwabantu ngenkani bahlohlwa iifama ezidityanelweyo bathabatha kubo bonke impahla. Ubunzima ivaliwe izakhiwo ibandla ngokwabo zasetyenziselwa iimfuno zekhaya, baza babanjwa ababingeleli ngenxa yokuba 'idabi enkulu "likwathetha ekuqaleni yentshutshiso yonqulo abaninzi.

imiphumela

Imizamo ukuvimbela zaqalwa ziye zakhokelela kuphela ukuqhubela nangakumbi le meko kweli lizwe. 346 ngomdlalo babhaliswa ngoJanuwari 1930, ngoFebruwari - 736, kwaye kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbini kaMatshi - 595. Kwaye oku kuphela kummandla Russia mihla! E Ukraine, ngaphezu kwewaka imvukelo zokuhlala onke. Uchulumanco yaba ninzi kakhulu, ngoko ke urhulumente kwakufuneka wambongoza "yenguqu enkulu ', ngelixa ukubeka ityala oko kwenzeka iinkokeli zendawo. Nangona kunjalo, le mvukelo wayeka okwethutyana nje nangokuhamba kombuso, emva kwethutyana 'ingxaki' ka-1929, waphinda waqhubeka. Eli xesha kwaba lula ukuphumeza, njengoko abaququzeleli zaqalwa kunye nxaxheba abaninzi esebenzayo bathunyelwa eSiberia. Kunye nabo zinganakwa kwaye phantse zonke i "kulaks" kunye neentsapho zabo.