War ehlazisayo Finnish

Loo ubusika ngqwabalala akazange ubudala 50. Sele hit degrees 30 kombethe ngoNovemba, yaye ngoJanyuwari, iqondo lobushushu lehla laya kutsho 40-45 ngezantsi zero. Kwaye ke sezulu sisihle kude kube ngoMatshi. komhlaba Frozen injani eziphathekayo, kunye nemithi eminyaka ubudala nompleyini ndiziqhawule ukusuka kubanda enjalo phezu lonke ubude kunye kuvakala shot umpu. Andizohlwayi uhlobo nekhephu, leyo phantse yonke imihla. Le ebusika ukuhlala kuyo 1939-1940 kumantla eSoviet Union kunye eFinland. Kungoko ke iinkokheli yiSoviet bagqiba ukohlwaya "bakhukhumeleyo White eFinland" ezandleni Red Army. Ukususela ngoNovemba 30, waqala "neznamenitaya" imfazwe eSoviet-Finnish ka-1939-1940, apho ke ngokuba "iphulo inkululeko i".

Agasti 23, 1939 phakathi Germany kunye USSR satyikitywa zoxolo isivumelwano. Kwaye eli xwebhu, kukho isongezelelo ngasese. Ngokutsho kwakhe, amagunya ezimbini amaninzi athinjiweyo kwawo yimpembelelo, naphantsi "Iphiko" eSoviet Union, phakathi kwamanye amazwe hit eFinland. Ngelo xesha, ukususela ngoMatshi 1938 uRhulumente we eSoviet Union wakhokela -thethwano kunye noRhulumente Finland kwi amanyathelo ngokudibeneyo ukomeleza imida lwaselwandle ezweni mazwe omabini. Eyona nto ifunekayo ukuze ezi-thethwano yaba umsebenzi eJamani, Austria kunye ingxaki imeko yezopolitiko eYurophu. I Amaqumrhu ayefuna kakhulu ufumane isiqinisekiso sokuba akukho lutshaba acande emdeni Finnish kwaye awukwazi ahlukumeze iLeningrad kwicala. Kodwa ke urhulumente Finnish walile ezi zinto, yaye ngaloo ndlela wenza inyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imfazwe Finnish baba lokulwa.

Noko ke, kungekudala eFinland bayakuqonda kakuhle elifutshane-yaba kwenqaba, waza ngamandla ukuba bakwazi ukuzixhobisa. Sihlalo weBhunga lezoKhuselo ukuba yokuba Marshal Mannerheim. Kwaye supply wayo ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-mveliso e Finland efunyenwe "ngokufutha ngokupheleleyo". ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ekomelezeni Finnish emkhosini Ukuphuculwa iinqaba, leyo ngaphambili kwakhiwa kwi Karelian Isthmus. Kwaye emva kokuba umsebenzi German yeCzechoslovakia (Epreli 1939), kunye inyathelo eSoviet Union yaqalisa umjikelo omtsha thethwano. Ngeli xesha, inkokheli eSoviet wanikela Finland uncedo yomkhosi xa ndlongo. Kwaye ukuphendula eFinland kwafuneka ukuba angaqeshisa ngaloo Union iziqithi ezininzi ibekwe kwi-Gulf of Finland. Aba iinkokheli wamajoni Union izicwangciso ukufaka isiseko ezongezelelweyo cover Kronstadt ukusuka elwandle. Nangona Mannerheim wabongoza abezopolitiko ukwamkela isindululo waseUSSR, uluvo lwakhe ngoyaba. Emva koko, isicombululo ngoxolo ukuphikisana phakathi kwamaqela baba engenakwenzeka, kwaye imfazwe Soviet-Finnish waba kudlula ixesha.

A non-ndlongo isivumelwano eJamani kangangexesha elithile ulucombulule izandla eSoviet Union, yaye eMoscow wagqiba ukuba ahlasele eFinland. ithuba olusesikweni, lwaqala emva Finnish kweMfazwe ngo-1939, yaba kweziqhushumbisi ye-Red Army izikhundla kwilali Mainila. Kwathi ngoNovemba 26, nako kuthwalelwa phandle umntu lo NKVD Njengasengcaphukisweni, osebenza phantsi ngesebe amabutho Finnish. Emva koko, phakathi kwala mazwe mabini yayiphelise zonke iintlobo unxulumano lobuchule, no-30 Novemba yasungula kuhlasela elikhulu-isikali oluBomvu Ibutho emdeni namazwe angabamelwane. Ubunkokheli wamajoni USSR ezazicwangciselwe iiveki ezintathu ukuya ukwaphula umkhosi Finnish ukulidla Helsinki.

Kodwa ke izicwangciso aphantsi kweenjengele Soviet mkhosi abazange umiselwe ukuphelelwa. A ukuhlaselwa ngokungqalileyo odumileyo Mannerheim line akuphumelelanga. Ngoko ze eSoviet iye icinywe oku kukusilela nokungafumaneki kwinkqubo wokhuselo lo. Nangona enyanisweni iinqaba Finnish kwakhiwa Karelian Isthmus, ixesha-10 aba buthathaka French Maginot Line kwinani ezingaphansi, pillboxes kunye nezixhobo zokudubula. Yaye eneneni, i Mannerheim Line ibingelilo njengomqobo gqithi ukuya koko Army. Nangona kunjalo, i-Red Army kwiiveki ezintathu zokuqala ukuba atyhudise nkqu umgca wokuqala kwizithuba Finnish, singasathethi umsebenzi Helsinki. Kwaye 21 Disemba le ekhubekisayo kulelwe, 26 enyangeni leyo, i-Red Army waya phezu ukuzithethelela. imfazwe Finnish esongela ukuba ixesha elide.

Emva koko, kwabakho iinzame ukubeka okubuhlungu kwanancedisayo kwizikhundla Finnish ukuya emantla of Lake Ladoga. Kodwa lo umzamo yasilela, yaye ngenxa yoko a ezimbini Division "red" uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva kwaye eyaphukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Yaye jikelele kule ndawo eFinland amrhawula, wabatshabalalisa amaqela ezintlanu Red Army. Sabuya phambili amajoni Soviet waqala February 1, 1940 kuphela, emva kokuba ufumene ukusekelwa ebonakalayo. Ngoku, kwi Mannerheim Umgca lwalunjani North-Western Front, owawukhokelwa SK Tymoshenko. Yayithetha umhla wesi-7 13 Army. neziqhushumbisi Daily buthathaka ukuziphendulela eFinland. Yaba kuphela Februwari 11 eFinland wokhuselo obo. A February 14, i-Red Army wathabatha imali umzi.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Red Army chu watyhalela phambili, yaye ngoMatshi, sele iqalile emfazweni ngenxa isixeko Vyborg. Ngoku urhulumente Finnish, ebona ngamampunge ukumelana ngakumbi, bathumela igqiza eMoscow ukuya kwenza iintetho uxolo. Bathabatha iintsuku-4, kunye Matshi 13 zonke izimpi zaphela. yaphela imfazwe Finnish, kwaye urhulumente elo lizwe uye zonke iimeko ukuba abanikela kwinkokheli eSoviet. Ngenxa uloyiso enzima USSR wafumana Vyborg mzi, yonke Karelian Isthmus kunye nendawo esemantla of Lake Ladoga, kunye isixeko Sortavala. Ngenxa yoko, siye sakwazi tyhala umda ukusuka km iLeningrad 150, ngoxa eFinland onamathele USSR akazange ukusebenza. Kwaye eFinland ngenxa yale mfazwe baye balahlekelwa zonke zokuzikhusela zabo ziye zahlala ngokoqobo.