Battle of Hastings (short)

Ngo-Oktobha ngo1066 kufutshane IsiNgesi nedolophu Hastings ngomnye amadabi lalawo zamaXesha Aphakathi. Yaba ikhonkco olandelayo longquzulwano ngayo ngokusemthethweni Anglo-amaSaxons. Le mfazwe, imiphumela yayo iye yaba negalelo elikhulu kwikhondo elizayo kwimbali yaseYurophu, kwaba yintlekele iBrithani noKumkani Harold II. In memory of inzala iye yasinda kuzo njengoko Idabi Hastings.

Iziganeko ezikhokelela edabini

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba baqalise sithetha edabini ngokwayo, bathi amazwi ambalwa malunga iziganeko ngaphambi ukuba isizathu sayo. Isibakala sokuba yinkokeli Norman Duke UWilliam ezivela uKumkani Edward yangaphambili ngowokuqala isifungo sokuba uya kumenza yindlalifa isithsaba IsiNgesi. Isizathu soku sasikukuba zazizininzi phambi Ukuvuma etroneni, Edward, ukuba isizathu oyikele ubomi bakhe, wachitha iminyaka 28 eNormandy phantsi ukusekelwa iNkosana elo lizwe.

Noko ke, xa ingozi waphela, kunye Edward wabuyela eNgilani ngokukhuselekileyo kuqhutywa etroneni leminyaka eyabelwa kuye idalelwe, walibala isibhambathiso sakhe, wafa abazange bashiye imiyalelo baxhasa elindele isithsaba othenjisiweyo Norman Duke Qonce. Emva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela etroneni umzala IsiNgesi Edward - New King eNgilani Harold II. Njengaye nawuphi na umntu bakhohliseke, uWilliam ndakuqononondisa, yaye ngenxa yomsindo yakhe igqampe asixhenxe amawaka Norman Army Septemba 28, ngo1066 kunxweme of England waza waba buhlungu ngenxa British Crown Battle of Hastings.

Ukuhlaselwa Normans

Le Ukufika ngokusemthethweni kwi kunxweme ka Albion wakhangela omhle kakhulu. Ngokutsho ayephila, bawela IsiNgesi Channel kwi iwaka iinqanawa. Nokuba eli nani ngandlel ngendlela ebaxiweyo, sisekhona wayenothotho efanayo ukuvala isithuba yonke ebonakalayo, phezulu kunina.

Ndimele ndithi Duke uWilliam wakhetha zahlasela umzuzu ithuba kakhulu. Year of Battle of Hastings kwakunzima gqitha ukuba British. Ngaphambi nje ukuba ulwa kwezinye bahlaseli - eNorway. Umkhosi IsiNgesi iphumelele uloyiso phezu kwabo, kodwa yena udiniwe kwaye ukuphumla, ngokuba ningabachasi ayo okulwa imfazwe ngokungesabi nabadumileyo - i Vikings. Battle of Hastings, kwaba ngaloo ndlela ngokuphindwe nzima kubo. Korol Garold ifumene ingxelo malunga UWilhelm ukuhlasela, ngoxa eNew York, apho ukwenza nje ilizalise koovimba kunye neminye imiba enxulumene umkhosi.

ezimbini imikhosi anamandla aseYurophu

Ngoko nangoko wahlanganisa yonke imikhosi ziyafumaneka kulahlwe, lo kumkani wakhawuleza waya kumkhawulela utshaba, kwaye sele ngo-Oktobha 13 Kwathi, akusondela ukuba enkampini, lize ke lahlulwe Normans kwi iikhilomitha ezili-11 ukusuka kwisixeko Hastings. Phambi ekuqaleni Bekusele kuphela ngosuku - ngosuku lokugqibela kaKumkani Harold II, kwaye uninzi ngokubathenga abaphantsi yakhe ngakwibhanile.

Ekrwada ekwindla ekuseni entsimini, iye selithe abalimi kwaye ngenxa yokuba wamzalela kwaye akuthandeki, wavuma imikhosi ezimbini ezinkulu eYurophu. amanani abo babemphahlile alinganayo, kodwa ngokomgangatho zahluke nto ibalasele ngamandla kukuba enye kwenye. umkhosi Duke eQonce kwa- wamajoni zobungcali, axhobileyo kakuhle, abaqeqeshwe yaye emva kwakhe a amava atyebileyo yasemkhosini.

Ubuthathaka yomkhosi kaKumkani Harold

Ngokungafaniyo iqela zabo, i-Anglo-amaSaxons bazisa ukuya entsimini yokulwa umkhosi, inxalenye engundoqo eyathi swi ukusuka umlimi ngabavukeli, yaye kuphela inxalenye encinane servicemen zayo abameli wabanumzana, amajoni elite - le enesihlwele esinzima yasebukhosini zobuqu. Xa baba ilifa amakrele anikezelwe-mbini, amazembe okulwa, imikhonto, lo gama ngabavukeli kwezikhali liqulethe oku izinto ezininzi random - neyabalimi pitchforks, amazembe, okanye nje yeeFom ngamatye nca kuzo.

Kwaye ezimbini ukungabikho ebaluleke ngakumbi Anglo-Saxon umkhosi - wayengenalo owamahashe, yabatoli. Kunzima ukutsho kutheni Kwathi, kodwa ngaloo mihla, ihamba phezu emahasheni, British pre-ukulwa wehla, waya phezu ndisebenzise kuphela ngeenyawo. Kwakhona, ukuba ayicacanga kunye nokungabikho anyanisi, le isixhobo esinamandla nangempumelelo zamaXesha Aphakathi. On top of bonke kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba komjikelo ngokukhawuleza kwilizwe lonke ngeziphetshiwe ehlukunyezwa kwaye sele adinwe imikhosi yokulwa wangaphambili.

Ngengomso xa kwidabi Hastings

Ngoko ke, yonke into ilungele kwidabi. 9 kusasa ngomhla we -14 Oktobha ngo1066 ukuba siqalile yayingeyiyo Battle of Hastings. Ngokufutshane echaza imeko bemikhosi ezimbini phambi ekuqaleni kwayo, kufuneka nje uqaphele ukuba i-British umgca, etsala phambili kakuhle bexhobile, kodwa bambalwa a iiyunithi elite, kunye namakhaka zazo serried baba kakubi bexhobile, nangona ezele ngumoya zokulwa, umkhosi wamajoni yamahlwempu.

Ngokusemthethweni wakha imiqolo yokulwa ezintathu, nto leyo wabavumela ukuphumeza enesibindi ngokungqinelana nale meko. iphiko lasekhohlo wayebunjwa Bretons, ilungelo - of mercenaries isiFrentshi, yaye embindini imikhosi engundoqo ngokwendawo - enzima, nezikrweqe-bambethe ilinen Norman kartel ukhokelwa iNkosana. Xa phambi imikhosi engundoqo abatoli kunye crossbowmen, wabetha utshaba phambi kokuba bangene udibane nazo.

Ukuqala edabini

Battle of Hastings enxitywe amavo amaninzi, kwaye ngoku kunzima ukwahlula iziganeko ngokwenene kubuxoki. Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iincwadi isixelela ukuba yaqala kunye zemveli ngenxa elo xesha lo mdlalo. Onamandla Norman knight ogama kuIvo ebizwa zokucwangcisa joni akukho ngaphantsi elizukileyo ndakukhupha kaKumkani Harold. Ambetha umlo omhle, yena, ngokutsho namasiko ixesha, i eliNgesi kunqunyulwa intloko waza wamthabatha njengoko mbuka. Ngoko Lilishwa kuba Anglo-amaSaxons kwi Hastings, kwaqalisa imfazwe. Abafa ayizange nje wabulawa elinye ijoni yaba ngulowo obumntwisiweyo wonke umkhosi kaKumkani Harold.

Ekhuthazwe le mpumelelo ngokusemthethweni aba kuqala ukulwa. Reporter iminyaka zibonisa ukuba abatoli zabo crossbowmen ndihlanjwe inani le Anglo-amaSaxons ilifu iintolo kunye nezitshixo crossbow, kodwa ifihlwe emva amakhaka serried emi phambi units elite, baba phantse ukungafi. Kwaye ngoko ke Normans wabonisa izakhono ukudubula lokwenyaniso. Bathumela iintolo zabo phantse nkqo phezulu, nabo ezichazwe emoyeni ehambelanayo indlela, wabetha utshaba ngasentla, isenza umonakalo omkhulu.

Bahlasela mabutho elinzima ngokusemthethweni

Le episode ilandelayo iphawulekayo imfazwe yokuhlaselwa kanzima le Norman mahashe. Bambethe ilinen kartel isikrweqe indulumbane phambili utshayelwe into esendleleni yayo. Kodwa kufuneka ahlawule irhafu ukuya Isibindi British: abazange ndothuke phambi laba udaka. Njengokuba sele uthe wakho, imiqolo yokuqala imfazwe kakuhle bexhobile wonogada lobuqu Duke.

Zokulenza yabo nezamazembe ekuthiwa-Danish. It esixhotyiswe ngokukodwa wenza imfazwe-izembe igqityezelwe ngesiphatho kunye neemitha ezinesiqingatha ubude. Ngokutsho ngawabo, ifuthe into enjalo kunye knight dissected bambethe ilinen isikrweqe kunye nehashe lakhe. Ngenxa yokuba i-Norman amahashe lweMedia legazi ilahleko ebonakalayo.

Amaqhinga wafayo amanga

Kodwa ngeli xesha ephangweni ekhohlo iziganeko zenzeka, engalindelekanga iBrithani. Ngokusemthethweni kuhlanganiswe ngobuciko kakhulu wasebenzisa iqhinga emuva lobuxoki, wabonisa nobuchule enkulu kunye nokuhambisana. Ekholisayo waxelisa nezikhundla zabo ngokuphakuzela iqhele, Normans nimqumbisa Anglo-amaSaxons kwi balwe ezingalungiselelwanga, akonwabanga endaweni yabo kwintlekele.

Batsalwa evela imiqolo jikelele ukulwa ngaphandle kwe inxalenye enkulu okulwa, ngesiquphe wajika ngokusemthethweni, wamwola umsesane zabo exineneyo yonke enye yokugqibela. Ngelishwa, amajoni uKumkani Harold baye owenziwe le imida, naziphi na izigqibo ukuba wavumela abachasi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphinda iqhinga efanayo.

Kokufa kukaKumkani Harold

Le ilahleko yi amaNgesi, kakade, buthathaka amandla zabo zokulwa, kodwa sekunjalo baqhubeka ekwazi ukumelana esinzulu elutshabeni, ngubani owaziyo noko kwakuza kuba kwedabi Hastings, ukuba ingozi, ngeendlela ezininzi ziye zabangela ukuba isiphumo kabuhlungu edabini eNgilane.

umlando yembali iminyaka isixelela ukuba ngokungenaloyiko Korol Garold II wahlatywa kakhulu ngumntu utolo ejikelezayo. It lamhlaba iliso lasekunene, kodwa, ngokuvumelana chroniclers efanayo, gorhandini nesibindi bayishiya inkqubo - wayekhupha utolo kunye nezandla ukopha, kwakhona bagxalathelana ukuya empini. Kodwa ngenxa kukwenzakala, wonqanyulwa, kungekudala Norman kartel. Phantse ngaxeshanye yaye wabulala umninawa wakhe zombini, umthetho-mkhosi.

Ukoyiswa nokufa yomkhosi Anglo-Saxon

Ngoko ke, ukumkani ubulawelwe Idabi Hastings, kunye nabazalwana bakhe. -Saxon Anglo umkhosi, ekhohlo ngaphandle umyalelo, baphulukana nto ibalulekileyo - umoya zokulwa. Ngenxa yoko, xa kumcimbi imizuzu ukusuka imikhosi inzima yajika yaba isihlwele abatyhafileyo baleka. Ngokusemthethweni baba ileqeka mad lunkwantyo abantu bambulala kanobom.

Ngoko ignominiously emfazweni isithsaba IsiNgesi waphelela Hastings. kwabulawa uKumkani, yafunqulwa umzimba wakhe ukuba zisikwe eLondon ukungcwatywa. Wafa kunye nabazalwana bakhe, kunye nabo edabini wahlala elele amajoni amawaka aliqela owafela ngokuba ukumkani wayo. care British ngembali yabo, kuloo ndawo apho kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo, kwakukho eli dabi, woonongendi yasekwa, nesibingelelo yayo ephambili yecawe kanye apho wambulala Harold II.

Le boyisiwe, leyo umfutho kuphuhliso amandla

Ekubeni kuwinwa Hastings, Duke uWilliam wathumela umkhosi wakhe eLondon waza wayithimba ngaphandle kobunzima okukhulu. I-Anglo-Saxon, kwaze kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuvuma ilungelo lakhe eziya etroneni, yaye ngoDisemba ngo1066 ebekwe. Ngokutsho Abaphandi mihla, olu phuhliso ziye kakhulu watshintsha ikhondo kwimbali yaseYurophu. Xa Ukuvuma etroneni, Duke uWilliam wathabatha kwimbali yamandulo yaye namhlanje ixesha lakhe Anglo-Saxon ilizwe, indawo lobukhosi oluyintloko bondage, ngokusekelwe igunya olomeleleyo yasebukhosini.

Banikeza negalelo enamandla olwaluvumela ukuba eNgilani ukuze ixesha elifutshane ukuze abe ngomnye iintlanga ezininzi kuphuhliswa Europe. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukumkani ubulawelwe Idabi Hastings kwaye woyisa umkhosi wakhe, bazoyise lwaba inzuzo engathethekiyo kurhulumente. Kwakukho enye zango ukuba imbali kangaka nesisa. "? Ngubani ophumelele ukulwa" Zibuze lo mbuzo, Impendulo izicacele - ngokusemthethweni. Uthi kum, ekugqibeleni wafumana kule nzuzo zembali? AmaNgesi. Ngoko ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba ngubani ophumelele kwedabi Hastings, musa khawuleza.

Nokubengezela kwesi siganeko kule inkcubeko owayephila

Esi sisiganeko ezimbalini, leyo wathabatha iinkulungwane ezisithoba ezinesiqingatha eyadlulayo, rhoqo ebangela ubani umdla phakathi izazinzulu, abantu yobugcisa, kwaye nje abo bamthandayo ukwemba eluthulini kwiinkulungwane ngaphambili. Kule ncwadi, wamtshabalalisa umsebenzi wakhe Heine kunye AK Tolstoy. Italian power metal band "Madzhesti" yakhululwa ngowe-2002 I-albhamu zanikezelwa kule mpi. Oku kuquka tracks 12. A bhanya British iyaqhutywa movie ezimbini, amabali ezo zisekelwe edabini odumileyo.

Ebutsheni yaba umdlalo ikhompyutha othandwayo wadala ezisekelwe kwibali yalo msitho. Loo nto nje igama lakhe lokwenyani ngokufuthi libizwa ngokungachanekanga, esebenzisa ibinzana elithi "Idabi Hastings". Nangona kunjalo, olu kuphela iindleko subculture ulutsha. Ngokubanzi, kukho umdla ebanzi hlobo kwimbali kunye neziganeko kwiinkulungwane adlulileyo, kakade, nto ikhuthaza kakhulu.