Alexander 1: ibhayografi elifutshane abalinganiswa yeBhodi

Alexander Pavlovich Romanov azalwe ngoDisemba 12, 1777 eSt Petersburg. Waba umzukulwana oluthandayo Catherine II kunye nonyana omdala yindlalifa kwitrone uPawulos. Ekubeni uyise womntwana waba nolwalamano oneengxaki, ngoko ndikhuliswa ngumakhulu awasinxitywa.

yindlalifa kwitrone

Ngelo xesha, kwakukho iimbono ezithandwayo wokukhanya nobuntu. Ngokutsho kwabo ufundile Alexander 1. biography Emfutshane kumkani elizayo iqulathe izifundo ngokusekelwe imisebenzi Rousseau. Ngelo xesha ke uyise wafundisa umntwana kwimicimbi yasemkhosini.

Ngowe-1793, indoda atshate okweqanda waseJamani, wafumana elubhaptizweni igama Elizabeth Alekseevna. Emva koko ndasebenza imikhosi Gatchina eziye zadalwa nguPawulos. Kunye kokufa kukayise Catherine baba ngumlawuli, noAlesandire - yindlalifa yakhe. Kuba ukuba aqhele kwimicimbi karhulumente, Alexander wenza ehleli iNdlu Yeengwevu.

Alexander 1, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane wayezele yiEnlightenment, waba ezingenakuphela kude uyise iimbono zakhe. UPawulos wayedla ngokuthi kunye nonyana wakhe, yaye wathi kuye izihlandlo eziliqela ukuba athathe isifungo sokunyaniseka. WoMlawuli ukoyika mania of amayelenqe, anikwa kwinkulungwane XVIII.

Matshi 12, 1801 eSt Petersburg yayiququzelelwe mdibi d'AFP. Xa iziko kuyo iqela iingangamsha. Kude kube ngoku, abaphandi bathi, ukuba Alexander wayesazi malunga nezicwangciso nabavukeli. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa wayesazi ukuba xa uPawulos wabulawa, kwaxelwa indlalifa. Ngoko ke waba umlawuli Russia.

guqula

kwiminyaka yokuqala Politika Aleksandra 1 swi ngokupheleleyo inguqu yangaphakathi kweli lizwe. Inyathelo lokuqala yaba uxolelo ebanzi. Waye wakhululwa abakuthandayo ezininzi nabenzakeleyo ebudeni bolawulo kaPawulos. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Alexander Radishchev, lowo waphelelwa ukulungiselela ukupapashwa lesincoko "Journey ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya eMoscow."

Kamva, Alexander wathembela izimvo amaqabane highborn, walibumba ikomiti ngasese. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abahlobo abatsha kaKesare - Pavel Stroganov, uViktor Kochubey, uAdam Czartoryski, etc ...

Ushintsho zazijoliswe ekunciphiseni serfdom. Ngo-1803 kwakukho ummiselo phezu kubalimi ezamahala, baphantsi apho benani ngoku nako ekukhululeni abalimi kunye ilizwe. ukuze Russian kwesilisa akazange avumele Alexander ukuba baye amanyathelo ngakumbi. Utshintsho awayenokumxhathisa izidwangube. Kodwa ke irhuluneli iye yavalwa ngempumelelo serfdom kummandla eBaltic, apho imiyalelo Russian baba amazwe.

1 Alexander iinguqulelo nazo zibe negalelo kuphuhliso lwemfundo. Inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo evela eMoscow State University. Kwakhona wavula Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (apho wayefunda khona Alexander Pushkin oselula).

iiprojekthi Speranskii

Le umncedisi ikufutshane umlawuli yaba uMikhail Speransky. inguquko solungiselelo, esaye ngu Alexander 1. biography Emfutshane umlawuli wafumana enye iphulo uphumelela walungisa. eminyangweni ezintsha indawo kakuhle zokukwazi Petrine.

Ngowe-1809 ulungisa uyilo kokwahlulwa kwamagunya sikarhulumente. Noko ke, Alexander akabanga nabuganga ukunika ubomi lo mbono. Wayesoyika equmbisayo abasebukhosini omnye mdibi ebhotwe. Ngoko ke ekugqibeleni Speranski usiwe imithunzi sachithwa. Esinye isizathu sokuba le nguqulelo zaye zadluliselwa phezulu, waye imfazwe uNapoleon.

angaphandle

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII France lifumanise revolution enkulu. Ezasebukhosini yatshatyalaliswa. Endaweni yoko, wabonakala republic kuqala, uze emva koko, enye indoda ulawulo kwinkokeli ngempumelelo yasemkhosini uNapoleon Bonaparte. France njenge yayiliziko evutha ngumoya revolution yaba ngowelinye iqela ukumkani olungagungqiyo Europe. Kwaye Catherine, yaye uPawulos walwa kunye Paris.

UMlawuli Alexander 1 naye ujoyine manyano anti-French. Nangona kunjalo, lo bahlulwa Austerlitz, kwakhokelela ukuba eRussia esengozini ukoyiswa ngo-1805. Ke Politika Aleksandra 1 lilimbi wadibana Bonaparte waza wenza iSivumelwano Tilsit, apho umisela cala, kwaye eRashiya kwabakho ithuba ukudibanisa Finland kunye Moldova, ngoko kwakuhlile. It is on kwintsimi entsha osemantla uMlawuli wasebenzisa impumelelo yakhe iinguqulelo.

Finland iye yafakwa njenge Duchy Grand kunye Sejm wakhe kunye namalungelo oluntu. Kwixesha elizayo, eli phondo iye kakhulu simahla kwi imeko lonke kwinkulungwane XIX.

Noko ke, ngo-1812, uNapoleon wagqiba ukuhlasela eRussia. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kubo bonke, "War Noxolo" Tolstoy. Emva kokuba Battle of Borodino isiFrentshi wathunywa eMoscow, kodwa yaba yimpumelelo kwabenzi Bonaparte. Ekhohlo ngaphandle imithombo, wabaleka iRussia yena.

Kwangaxeshanye, Alexander 1, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane izele iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, wakhokela umkhosi kwiphulo amazwe. Yena ngoloyiso wangena eParis waza waba ligorha lonke Europe. Triumpher iphethwe abathunywa Russian kwi-Congress of eVienna. Kwesi siganeko, bayahlelwa lizwekazi. Ngokutsho isigqibo weRashiya ukuba ekugqibeleni yathathwa ePoland. Uye unikwe umgaqo-siseko wayo, nto leyo Alexander akabanga nabuganga ukungena kulo lonke elo lizwe.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Le minyaka yokugqibela nguzwilakhe kwaqwalaselwa iinguqulelo sekupheleni. Umlawuli waba nomdla nobugqi yaye wagula kakhulu. Wafa ngowe-1825 baseTaganrog. Yena wayengafumani bantwana. ingxaki Dynastic iye yaba sisihlandlo kwimvukelo le Decembrists. Ngenxa yoko, wangumlawuli, lo umninawa ka-Alexander Nicholas, owaba uphawu yendlela kunye conservatism.