Periodization yomlando

Periodization yembali yehlabathi ke iintlobo. Kukho icandelo eqhelekileyo, olusekelwe phezu zonke iintlanga zehlabathi - oku kubizwa ngokuba periodization zoqobo. It ukwahlula bamaxesha anjalo: kokubhalwa kwembali, yamandulo, kumaxesha, ekuqaleni maxesha sikuwo, amaxesha mihla yanamhlanje.

Prehistory ebizwa amaxesha nobu-, ukufunda imbali apho nzima ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemithombo ebhaliweyo. Naluphi na uphando zisekelwe izinto ezenziwe kwafunyaniswa ukuba abembi ngexesha bemba ukumtyhilela. Nceda uphando eli xesha Sciences ezinxulumene ezifana ngokohlanga, ibhayoloji, kwesayensi, yokuma, palynology, kwamathambo kunye archaeoastronomy. Ngaloo ndlela yabizwa ngokuba ixesha ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, xa nomdla ekufundeni kwimbali ukuya kwinqanaba lobungcali boyise amateurism zembali. Enyanisweni, lo gama asebenzise naliphi na ubude bexesha apho kwakungekho mbhalo. Engxakini oku ukuqaliswa umgaqo yokuzahlula kwi ukuba ukubhala uvela kubantu abohlukileyo ngamaxesha ahlukileyo, ngoko akukho isiphelo ohlangeneyo eli thuba.

Periodization ye bonisa imbali emva kokuba uphuhliso lokubhala nalowo kunazo zonke ithuba echumayo - ngezinto zakudala. It lidla ngokunxulunyaniswa kwimbali Greece neRoma, kodwa ekuqaleni kwethuba ingqalelo ukuba ekuqaleni Minoan kunye nempucuko zohlobo. Oko ngeli xesha, kukho umbuso kuqala, kukho abafowunelwa zoqoqosho oonozakuzaku, ezifana ne-East yamandulo. ngokubhala kwenzeka. Kwinkalo loluntu Makuqatshelwe ukugqithisela ubudlelwane zesizwe, ekuqaleni yokujongwa metal kwaye ngokunxulumene nophuhliso olukhawulezayo obugcisa bezandla. Eli xesha luphawulwa nexesha kokwakhiwa iingxande obutofotofo kunye nezakhiwo yonke. Periodization yembali kwexesha yamandulo iphela kunye kokuwa uBukhosi baseRoma.

Abanemvume ziqala ukususela ukuwa uBukhosi baseRoma. Eli xesha ke ekuqaleni iphawulwa kukwehla article kwezentlalo, kwezoqoqosho. Ngeli xesha, yaqinisa kuhlaselo zobukrwada kurhulumente buthathaka, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kukuwa waseRoma ngowama-410. Emva koko, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ezifana iziganeko abadumileyo njengoko yokufuduka enkulu kwezizwe, franc imfundo States, eScandinavia, Moravia kunye Kievan Rus, Portugal kunye eSpeyin, uBukhosi baseByzantium. Kwithuba ukususela elinanye ukuya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine lubonakala ngokuba ngcembe ntlekele amakhosi karhulumente, ukuyilwa elandelayo Germany kunye neFransi. Ukuvela Poland kunye Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Early kukanye - ixesha elide ukususela kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu emva kwexesha kumbindi weli. Ngeli xesha, ubungxowankulu asakhulayo, nangona inkqubo kusekho ixhaphake wobukhosi. Ngelo xesha ukuba abaninzi apho ezifunyaniswe zejografi, inkqubela zeteknoloji, ekukhuleni korhwebo kunye noshishino, utshintsho kwimbono yehlabathi, ubume eluntwini.

Periodization imbali kumaXesha Aphakathi emva kokuqwalasela ixesha elitsha, nto leyo kuthathwa ukuba ekupheleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngeli xesha, kubekho iinguqu ezinkulu baqala ukuphuhlisa ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kwamanye amazwe beza absolutism ntlekele, waseka idemokhrasi yasepalamente.

amaxesha Modern luqala ekupheleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kweli nqanaba - Second World War, izinto zobugcisa, imfundo, imibutho yoxolo, intsebenziswano ngamazwe, uphuhliso unxulumano lobuchule kwinqanaba lehlabathi.

Ngelo abameli ngexesha elinye theory abangabaxhasi bakaMarx liphuhlise periodization ezahlukeneyo imbali, ngokusekelwe indlela kwimveliso. Xa amaxesha Soviet, oko intw kakhulu-mbali, yaye ngenxa yoko yaba yaziwa ngokuba periodization weSoviet. Ngokwale periodization, kukho nobu- xesha, ubukhoboka, feudalism, capitalism nolobukomanisi.

Olunye uhlobo periodization, ebizwa njalo-"Planar", esekelwe kuphuhliso lwamazwe ngamnye, umzekelo, kukho periodization imbali Russia, njl Ngexesha ngalinye, wabalaselisa loo manyathelo ukuba zibalulekile kwimbali yeli lizwe.