Oothixo yaseScandinavia: Heimdal, Hermod Abakhaliphileyo Tyr, Volund, Aegir, Utgard-Loki, kohor, kwedin. intsomi kubaphangi

YaseScandinavia iye ngokwesiko obizwa ngokuba kwintsimi enkulu ibekwe emntla Yurophu, yaye kubandakanywa eNorway, eSweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, kwakunye eziliqela kwiziqithi basondeleyo kuye. iimpawu zembali kuphuhliso lwabo udale uhlobo inkcubeko, omnye ubuso yaba ezaqanjwa, abalinganiswa nto leyo, bangoothixo yaseScandinavia yoqobo kunye ezizodwa. Niyazi kunye nokulinga, baba kwezinye iindlela ezifanayo Vikings ngokwabo.

Apho ke weza ehlabathini?

Oothixo of kwiintsomi kubaphangi, uluhlu leyo iqulathe amagama abalinganiswa, owaziwa ngaphantsi kakuhle kunoogxa babo amandulo aseYiputa nangesiGrike, eziyinxalenye inkcubeko zezizwe ezindala zaseJamani. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi baye basinda ubukhulu becala imibhalo ezinqabileyo ezimbini zoncwadi ephakathi. Le "Elder Edda" - ingqokelela yemibongo, equlathe iingoma Old Icelandic, kwakunye "Edda" - nokudalwa ngumbhali Icelandic Snorri Sturluson kwinkulungwane XII.

Ukongeza, iqela yeentsomi zaziwa ukususela imisebenzi ephakathi umkhumbuzi Danish Saxo Grammaticus, koko wathi: "Le UMSEBENZI Danes." Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba omnye abalawulwa bakhe isiseko kaShakespeare "Hamlet", ebhalwe iinkulungwane ezine kamva.

Ukhankanye ukuba abalawulwa naziphi yeentsomi, bazalwa nokuba eScandinavia, Greece neYiputa, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kangangeenkulungwane baye ngokuphindaphindiweyo lihlelwe ukuba namhlanje ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ezininzi ezenziwayo kwezi ezingangqinelaniyo kunye ephikisanayo. Ngoko ungothuki xa iziganeko ezifanayo, kwaye wenze oothixo Nordic zichazwe ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

version yaseScandinavia ingenzeka yehlabathi

ukuziqambela Extraordinary intsomi kubaphangi zipeyintwe zimelwe kuyo, umfanekiso wokuzalwa ehlabathini. Ngokutsho lo amaqhawe yamandulo, konke kwaqala kwinzonzobila enkulu emnyama kwelinye icala yazo ubukumkani ice - Niflheim, kunye nezinye emlilweni - muspelheim.

Ukususela ubukumkani lomkhenkce wathabatha imisonto zabo ekuqaleni 12, nto leyo emkhenkceni ngoko nangoko, kodwa ekubeni aboyisiweyo rhoqo, kwiibhloko ice ngcembe esondela kummandla komlilo. Xa ezi zinto ezimbini weni ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke iintlantsi ugalelwe ice eluthulini, wazalwa isigebenga Ymir kunye ubungakanani inkomo enye ogama auðumbla.

Le ilandelayo ichaza ezinye iziganeko engakholelekiyo. Ngokutsho "uMdal Edda", xa isigebenga Ymir umbilo entle, nto leyo akumangalisi, kuba ubukumkani yayikufuphi umlilo, yaye kwakukho iingxilimbela ezimbini ukubila kwakhe - indoda nebhinqa. Ibingeke Kulungile, kodwa uqhubeka athi omnye umlenze Wamitha, wazala omnye unyana. Ekubeni kunzima ukucinga, soyithabatha ngenxa pha, ngaphandle kokuya kwi iinkcukacha.

Njengoko kuba auðumbla inkomo, ngoko waba nendima ebalulekileyo zeemposiso aseScandinavia. Okokuqala, yena wondla ubisi lwayo Ymir nabo abaphuma kangaka ngokungummangaliso. Yena belisondliwa kukuba wawakhotha ityuwa ngaphandle zeengxondorha. Okwesibini, lakubalela kolwimi lwakhe wazalwa nenye ingxilimbela, ogama Storm. Ngoko wabonakala phezu yayingabantu bokuqala emhlabeni, ngoko oothixo bazalwa apho eScandinavia, yaye kamva, kunye nabantu.

Asa Vanir kunye nabanye abasebenzi wasentsomini

Kwakusazeka ukuba bonke oothixo yaseScandinavia noothixokazi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela, engundoqo phakathi ezibe Aces, ekhokelwa yinkokeli yabo igama elinye. Ubomi ngayo kungekho lula kwaye serene njengesiqhelo kwafuneka ukungena ungquzulwano kunye namanye amalungu oothixo kubaphangi.

Uninzi lembandezelo bazisa Vanir - iqela oothixo wenzala, ibango ubunini ehlabathini, kodwa abethwa kunye Anaki-jötunn, ngokunjalo kwi-UDema Seven. Yaye kakhulu mercilessly ezonakalisa Aces oothixo ababhinqileyo igazi - disy, Norns kunye Valkyries.

Enye imixholo engundoqo kwiintsomi kubaphangi kukho imfazwe phakathi Aesir kunye Vanir. Baqalisa nesibakala sokuba Vanir, ucatshukiswe yinto yokuba abantu iingoma bakhe musa kumzukisa, yaye Aces, wabathuma ehlabathini (kwathiwa Midgard) Gulveyg imihlola embi. Kuba yayenziwe ngegolide, ngoko, ngokutsho izibalo ze-Vanir, imbonakalo yakhe konakalisa ukuziphatha abantu elihlwayelweyo ezintliziyweni zabo makwanga ni vutianakanyi. Asa amvimbe, wambulala igqwirha. Oku uqale imfazwe apho oothixo Nordic izama ukunyanzela ukusombulula umba ungcono. Ekubeni namnye amaqela ababa ukufumana engcono phakathi kwabo isiphelo apha ehlabathini, ebotshwe ngokutshintshiselana nabafo.

Uthixo otshatsheleyo Aesir

Inkokeli noyise Aces yaba yeyona uthixo kwedin. Kwiintsomi yaseScandinavia siyafana eziliqela iimpawu. Yena umelwe njengokumkani-umbingeleli, shaman Connoisseur of runes, apho nomkhafuli umthetheli yaye, ukongeza, uthixo yaseScandinavia emfazwe noloyiso. UThixo kwedin wayesoyikwa umxhasi yabantu basebukhosini mikhosi umnqobi i Valkyries (kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi). Oku ke iqhutywa ngu Valhalla - kwibhotwe ezulwini, apho esezulwini whiled kude bawa ngonaphakade njengamaqhawe-amagorha.

Enye kuboniswe ngendlela unaliso linye, kodwa ngokupheleleyo abadala amandla. iliso lakhe angekhoyo wanika wake Mimir elikhulu ngenxa yokuba avunyelwe ukuba usele amanzi kumthombo ekhuselweyo ubulumko babo. lunxano ukonga ulwazi, ngokubanzi, iye luphawulwa kwedin. Ngokomzekelo, kanye, ukuqonda namandla kwintolongo runes yamandulo - ukubhala ubudala esiJamani, wavuma ukuba abingelele ngokwakhe, yaye hung iintsuku 9, wayebethelelwe mthi umkhonto wakhe.

Phakathi kwezinye iimpawu ye kwedin, kwi iintsomi nto kugxininiswa ubuchule ngokutsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yena roams umhlaba ngesebe bexhego, unxibe ibhatyi eluhlaza waziva nomnqwazi. namaqabane akhe rhoqo baziingcuka amabini amahlungulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nto Ndingumphambukeli kunye nenomlanga amahlwempu, okanye embi. Xa kunjalo, yeha kulowo yayilahla imithetho iindwendwe, kuzakuvala iingcango zendlu yakhe.

oonyana kwedin

Unyana kwedin wayenguthixo Heimdall, lowo ingqalelo ungumgcini lomthi yehlabathi yobomi. Oku ngesiqhelo kuvezwa ngesebe zabanyathela ngezihlangu ekungxoleni kokulwa, xikhundlha xa kweli phondo segolide. Ngokutsho legend, oku kwenzeka njani ukuba wayeza kubhengeza ngesiphelo sehlabathi kwaye aqokelele bonke oothixo edabini yokugqibela kunye nemikhosi yobumnyama. Heimdall uhlala endlini enisinike, leyo kuthiwa Himinborg, gama elo elithetha "iintaba yasezulwini". Le ibekwe kufuphi ekumanyanisa izulu nomhlaba.

Eyaziwa kwaye omnye unyana kwedin - uthixo omnye-sasekhohlo Tyr, nguye ungumthombo anobukroti. Izandla zakhe zalahleka, ke, kungekhona edabini. ukwenzakala mfo kwakhe amahlwempu wayezama ukwakha ingcuka magic chain omkhulu ogama Fenrir. Kanye le nto ngakumbi injana omsulwa sathathwa Aces kwilizwe labo Asgard. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo Lithole wakhula, waba gongqongqo eyomeleleyo enobundlobongela ukuba Akutywine akuvingce bahlobo.

Nokuba oko wazama njani ukuba sakha oothixo, lonke ixesha waziqhawula imixokelelwane kunye lula. Ekugqibeleni, beza kunceda tikoloshe awuhloniphe kwitsheyini omlingo amanyathelo ingxolo ngwe, intaka amathe, nokuphefumla intlanzi kunye neengcambu entabeni. Yaqhubeka kuphela siphoswe kweengcuka. Ukuze aqinisekise irhamncwa kungekho oneenjongo ezimbi, uthixo Tyr wabeka isandla sakhe emlonyeni wakhe, ukuze ulunywe off, kamsinya nje Fenrir waqonda ukuba ubanjwe iqhinga. Ukususela ngoko, uthixo anobukroti Raziel iintshaba omnye kuphela ngesandla eseleyo.

UThixo, liwuthuthumbisa nangamaphupha ezimbi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uthixo Balder Beautiful entwasahlobo - njengoko wonke ebizwa ngenxa ngobuhle obungaqhelekanga, naye wayengunyana kwedin, leyo wayizalela uthixokazi ephakamileyo Frigg Aces. Legend yokuba yena abandakanyeka kunye nomama wakhe ukuba sele kuvamile ukubona amaphupha amabi. Ukukhusela, unyana wakhe, Frigg wathabatha isifungo yamanzi, umlilo, metal ukutshabhisa, imithi, amatye, iityhefu, izifo, izilwanyana neentaka, ukuba akayi kubangela kuye nawuphi na umonakalo. Ngenxa yoko, uthixo entwasahlobo anihlasele.

Ukwazi oku, abanye oothixo ngenxa yokonwabela wamxuluba ngamatye emalunga naye, aziintshuntshe neentolo, kunokuba icaphuke Balder. Kwaye enye abagwenxa amdaka ziphelile kakubi kakhulu. ngobuqili UThixo Loki ngobuqili ukufumana phandle evela Frigga ukuba ngaxa lithile akazange athathe isifungo kunye okuhombisa - etyholweni, ngelo xesha kunzima iphuma ehlabathini.

inenkohliso Loki Ukuthatha ithuba iimpazamo zakhe, wazikrazula isebe kwisityalo, yaye, wamthwalisa ezandleni indalo beemfama uthixo isiphelo Hoda, kwanyanzeleka ukuba siyifake kwezitulo ecaleni Balder. intonga Acute bamhlabayo umfana omhle, waza wafa, babe ngamaxhoba ubukumkani kwabafileyo kunye nomlawuli igqwirha Hel yoyikekayo.

Ecaleni uthixo omkhulu Aces kuvame enye popular wasentsomini - Hermod Abakhaliphileyo. Waye isithunywa kwedin ezweni lwabafileyo, apho wayeza ukuthenga phandle nomlawuli walo unyana wakhe - uthixo Baldur entlakohlaza. Le injongo elungileyo kuye Hermod udumo, nangona uthumo ngokwalo luye ayiphumelelanga ngenxa namaqhinga elilandelayo uthixo efanayo zobuqili nenkohliso Loki.

Ukhuphiswano enqabeni Utgarde

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nezimbo le engumphangi kunye egoso ngokufuthi kuluhlu lwabantu abaziwa ngokungahlawuli igama nobizo lakhe - ACE kakhulu ehlonelwayo yaye ohloniphekileyo Utgard Loki, edume ngenxa yokuba enqabeni yakhe kakhokho Utgard nifudula ahlelwa ukhuphiswano engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngazo wazisa "Edda". Lichaza, ingakumbi, njengoko omnye waloo - uthixo iindudumo kunye izaqhwithi kohor, bubushushu, kunokutshiseka zezemidlalo usokoliswa kumfazi onobubi endala Elli, Liquka ukwaluphala pal wakhe Loki - uthixo efanayo ulixoki, bakhuphisana akafikanga ne kanye umlilo .

Luvuthondaba zonke iinzame ukufumana phambi isantya ibaleka yamahlwempu Tyalfi basekuhlaleni babecinga umnikazi nqaba. Nangona kungekho uthixo sokududuma, okanye abahlobo bakhe wadibana kuphumelela, lo mnyhadala waba yimpumelelo. Phezu kwayo isongwe kwaye ngoko a lot of iingoma. Ayizi konakalisa uluvo noba into yokuba umlilo, yaye umfazi omdala Elli, kwaye umnini Utgard Loki pretty bakhohlisa, yaye ngaloo ndlela kuphumelela.

unkulunkulu Female of Scandinavians yamandulo

Ngqo ezinxulumene kwedin ziye Valkyrie, inkosi yelo apho (ngokutsho kweminye imithombo - utata), waba. Ngokutsho Kwiintsomi yaseScandinavia, iqhawe enyulu, ehleli phezu emahasheni eziphaphazelayo, yema ngokungabonakaliyo ngenxa yamasimi edabini. Thumani omnye, babutha ezweni zamajoni, uze emva koko kuthiwa kwibhotwe yasezulwini Valhalla. Apho bema kubo, esasaza iitafile nobusi. Ngamanye amaxesha Valkyries kwakhona banikwa ilungelo lokugqiba ngesiphumo amadabi, yaye uninzi wazithanda amajoni (abulawe, kunjalo) ukwenza abantu babo ababathandayo.

Ukongeza koku Valkyries, inxalenye lemvu oothixo nabo Norns - amagqwirha ezintathu, eyaziyo, nesipho clairvoyance. Bakwazi ukuqikelela ngokulula bayahlelwa hayi nje abantu bambi, kodwa ihlabathi liphela. Wayehlala kweli lizwe, aba Kudesnitsa Midgard umiwe ngabantu. Eyona umsebenzi wabo ukuze unkcenkceshele umthi ihlabathi Yggdrasil, impilo-ntle kuxhomekeke ehlala abantu.

Elinye iqela abahlali angaphezu yehlabathi lamandulo baba disy. Ukuthobela Ukwahluka wendalo ababhinqileyo, ukuba nakubagcini ebantwini, imikhosi nobutshaba kubo. Phakathi lemveli lenkcubeko kulwimilwesiJamani, inxalenye yayo, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, na intsomi kubaphangi, wasinda njengokhangelo apho disam bathi amandla siqulathe ukumelana imikhosi yotshaba isigqibo isiphumo amadabi.

uthixokazi segolide-iinwele

Ukongeza kubameli inxalenye lemvu oothixo, ebekuthethwe ngazo ngasentla, oko kufuna ingqalelo kunye uthixokazi Sif, umfazi uthixo izaqhwithi neendudumo Aqui. Njengoko patroness wenzala, eli nenekazi, obuphantsi kuphela ubuhle isithixokazi uthando, freya, waba idume iinwele lawo segolide, imbali efanele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Enye ubuhle uSete wenza inkohliso uthixo Loki xa kuzaliswa nomona yendoda yakhe iTorah. Ukuthatha Okwangoku, xa oko wayengekho ekhaya, Loki wayiba waya egumbini lokulala umfazi wakhe zokulala kunye ... hayi, hayi, musani ukucinga nto - ukuba nje ebeyicheba nokuba kusempandleni yakhe. Noko ke, ithemba izinto abahluphekileyo zange uphele, yaye kukho indoda enomsindo ukulungele ukubulala bugger, kodwa wafunga ukulungisa le meko.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Loki waya dwarves mkhandi abahlala weDreamland, babaxelela okwenzekileyo. ngovuyo abo ngokuzithandela ukunceda, ebonisa ubugcisa babo. Dwarves yakha for uSete iinwele ngegolide ecocekileyo, awenze ngendlela engaqhelekanga elide, ezingcakacileyo, anoboya, unezixhobo impahla nangoko ngqo entloko khangela ngathi into yokwenene. Ngoko uthixokazi Sif waba umnini iinwele segolide.

Koothixo - iinkosi zolwandle

Enye ummeli okhanyayo oothixo yaseScandinavia ke inkosi beelwandle Aegir. Kukholelwa ukuba Aegir imela, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ulwandle ezolileyo kuphole, njengoko oko kungqinwa mlinganiswa. Waye ke umkhosi iindwendwe, ukulungele nokuthwala iindwendwe, uze emva koko ukuya ekhaya. Nkosi yolwandle basoloko bube boboxolo, yaye akazange inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na iimbambano, kwaye ngokunjalo ngakumbi kwiimfazwe. Noko ke, yande yebinzana endala 'ukuba bangene amazinyo Aegir' ukuba ixabiso - ukumka namanzi, ithi ukuba maxa wambi luphawulwa ngamaxesha ngumsindo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inani imithombo umlawuli kweelwandle ibiza thixo wumbi kubaphangi - Njord, yaye zobumnini zohlobo ezolileyo kwaye enobubele, lo gama Aegir eboniswa ophazamisa izithuba zaselwandle kunye noMdali izaqhwithi ukuba abacinezeli neenqanawa nokuhlangula ekubandezelekeni ukuba Njord. Akumangalisi, ekubeni oku nje omnye umzekelo nokungangqinelani ezithe zavela kule epics yaseScandinavia kwinkulungwane edluleyo.

Smith, owenza amaphiko

Kubo bonke oothixo yaseScandinavia, yaye kwakukho uthixo izinto zentsimbi igama Volund. Le nzima amaqhawe ngumsebenzi ubhalo phantse zonke izizwe zesiJamani. Isiphelo sakhe kwakunzima yaye kakhulu indlela yaso. Njengoko omnye oonyana abathathu kaKumkani Finnish (umlawuli ephakamileyo), yena sekunjalo waphila Ukuxelenga kwezandla zabo. Kubomi bentsapho, lo mfo akazange ngokucacileyo akukho luck. umfazi othandekayo Hervor - intombi, ngamanye amaxesha kufuna imilo dada, yena wamshiya, eshiya ikhalele kuphela yamsitho. Ukubandezeleka evela ngokwahlukana ixhala, Volund 700 zomgunyathi okuphindwe bakhe.

Kodwa oku zange iphele amashwa bakhe. Ngenye imini xa ukulala uthixo-Smith yathinjwa nguKumkani Nidudom Swedish. Obangela ukuba nje kuphela, ndayihluthwa inkosi inkululeko, kodwa usisiqhwala, eshiya limp ubomi. Bukhali Volund e emhadini-ukumkani wamnyamezela ukuba asebenze imini nobusuku, sokuzama azihlambululele isixhobo, kunye izihombiso umfazi wakhe nentombi. Kuphela ngengozi banjwa yakhe wengcibi akwazi inkululeko yabo.

Legend yokuba ngenye imini emhadini Volund weza oonyana Niduda ababefuna, ezifana uyise, ukuze babe ngamakrele iimveliso zayo. Ukusebenzisa torque Smith wababulala, ngoko iikomityi evela Skulls awawathumayo uyise, nezinto ezintle ukusuka iliso ukumkanikazi, kunye iibrhowutshi amazinyo ukuba inkosazana. On top of ukuba asisuse intombazana bekholosile, yadlwengulwa. Ukuziphindezela kangaka uyakholiswa kakhulu kunye naye, uthixo-Smith zimke phezu kwamaphiko ababezenzele yona.

amaxesha New - abalinganiswa ezintsha

Ngenxa ukusasazeka kobuKristu eScandinavia zonke izithixo endala wasentsomini ngokwemigaqo utshintsho ethile, wathatha isimo abangcwele, okanye, ngokubanzi, wanyamalala. Changed ngaphaya nokubona Volund, similise waphezulu nomlinganiswa demoni. Oku kubangelwa, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukuba umsebenzi wakhe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kumaxesha amandulo ukuya ngensimbi ziphathwa wakrokrela elithile lezabelo, bebanika ukuba yokunxibelelana imimoya emdaka.

Akumangalisi ke ngoko, ukuba Goethe, ukuguqula kancinane igama, wanika isimilo sakhe Mephistopheles kubo umboniso omnye ntlekele "Faust", azazise njengoko Woland. Lokufumanisa akrelekrele German emboleko Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, immortalized ngo "Mfundisi noMargarita", kunye Volund upha ubomi obutsha ngokohlobo uprofesa ukuthakatha Woland.

Uluhlu encinane oothixo Nordic, ezingaqukwanga kwi ngokutsha wethu:

• Bragi -, unyana ka kwedin.
• Vidar - uthixo imfazwe.
• Hoenir - umzalwana kwedin.
• Forseti - indodana Balder.
• Fulla - isithixokazi ngobuninzi.
• Air - isithixokazi yokuphilisa.
• Karlovna - yothixokazi of Mercy.
• Eks - isithixokazi ulwazi.
• Jord - isithixokazi komhlaba.
• Skadi - le patroness ukuzingela.
• Ullr - uthixo ekuzingeleni kwakhe.