Isigqumathelo somsebenzi womnatha - wayexatyiswa enokuthenjwa ekwakhiweni kothungelwano

Kumashumi eminyaka embalwa edlulileyo bethatha nokuphuhlisa ubugcisa womnatha. Ukususela oko kwasekwa iCandelo izibonelelo Internet ehlabathini kwakunxibelelene isibalo enkulu ezincinane uthungelwano zasekuhlaleni kunye nabasebenzisi ngabanye. Kulo mba, kwabakho imfuneko engxamisekileyo inkcazo ecacileyo yemiceli nodes womnatha. yafunyanwa isisombululo.

umfuziselo TCP / IP na isakhiwo level-ezine. Ngalinye kula manqanaba linoxanduva imisebenzi yayo, kodwa omnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo kukusombulula kwi network. Ukuze ezi njongo, sebenzisa i-IP-idilesi ye-uguqulelo yesine, nto leyo inani entlantlu amathathu anesibini ziintanda. Libonisa ngokucacileyo womnatha, nto leyo inginginya, kwakunye ngqo, idilesi host. Ngokucacileyo, inani kwezi dilesi ulinganiselwe.

ngokucacileyo izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze idilesi echanekileyo ukwazi apho kwidilesi eboniswe ngomnatha, apho umkhosi. Le mission uthatha isigqumathelo somsebenzi womnatha, ngokwenjenjalo lula kakhulu umsebenzi inani elikhulu izixhobo womnatha ezahlukeneyo, zombini eyimpumelelo esebenzayo.

Sigqumathelo somnatha ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba amasuntswana ezininzi idilesi bobabo kwinethiwekhi, yaye yintoni - kwidilesi-mkhosi. Le iteknoloji kwenza kube lula ukwandisa kakhulu umthamo iidilesi kunokwenzeka, xa kuthelekiswa ne kwiiklasi zobuchwepheshe subnets isahlulelo ecacileyo. Kwakhona ikuvumela ukuba uphephe nayiphi na iingxabano kwimeko lokufumana idilesi enye.

inethiwekhi imaski ivumela ukwahlula uthungelwano emikhulu ukuba ibe yimisebenzi emincinane, leyo yahlulwe, ethubeni, kakhulu njalo, ude uluphumelele amasuntswana mathathu. Kodwa inani elandayo womnatha kunciphisa inani wemikhosi. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa obu bugcisa kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo njengoko inani eyimfuneko iidilesi ukuba abaququzeleli.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imaski ukuseta inombolo ukususela ezilithoba ukuya mathathu. Eli linani ngabo kweli binary idilesi, nenoxanduva kule dilesi womnatha. Umzekelo, ukuba idilesi 193.29.204.19, ukuba unalo isigqumathelo somsebenzi womnatha 24, idilesi kwenethiwekhi 193.29.204.0, kwaye zinginginya iidilesi 193.29.204.1-254 (ukusukela idilesi a zosasazo 193.29.204.255).

Ukuze ukujonga konke oku, kubalulekile ukubala imaski subnet ngokususela imithetho ethile. Kulo mzekelo ungentla, le nkqubo ilandelayo. Ngoko ke, kuqala kufuneka ukuguqulela idilesi kwi inkqubo yokubini yokubala. Kodwa ke kufuneka kwenziwe ukuze ufumane octets ezine. zekhadi Missing kufuneka kufakwe amaqanda phambi kokuba inani. Ngaphezu koko, banikwa isigqumathelo somsebenzi womnatha, okanye mandithi inani layo, kubhaliwe kwifomu kweeyunithi kunayo kwi isixa-mali esilingana kule nombolo. Kuyinto elula ukuba akwenze ngokwakhe kwidilesi ngokucacileyo inani kulo mzobo. Inqaku oluthe vetshe idilesi ngexesha dash xa iiyunithi imaski kunye nesiphelo baqala amaqanda. Kwaye sifumana ekhohlo - idilesi subnet, kwicala lasekunene - idilesi host. Siya kuthetha ukuba luhlobo ngakumbi kunesiqhelo wokugqibela umva. Kuko konke.

Lo msebenzi ayikho nzima, kodwa iluncedo kakhulu xa ukwakha emikhulu ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. network imaski ube nomncedisi ethembekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo ecacileyo oluneqela elinegunya kunye odwa.