Kunyulwa iPalamente kunye nendima yayo ukuyilwa lukarhulumente esembindini

Emva ebukumkanini Vasiliya Shuyskogo mbuzo yokomeleza karhulumente united Russian. Kwafuneka ukuba oko ukwenza intshukumo ethile isigqibo - ukuba atshitshise yokwabela abaphantsi amagunya ukuya ekupheleni ukwenza iyunithi kazwelonke kunye nokwandisa ummandla weli lizwe. Vasily III wabeka kuphela ekuqaleni kwale nkqubo, kwaye ukusombulula iingxaki washiya unyana wakhe Ivan, owayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela ubudala ngexesha lokufa kayise.

Ngowe-1546, i-Ivan IV elizayo ifikelele elinesihlanu (kule ubudala kweza ubudala kwezomthetho), kunye namandla unina wegqitha ngokupheleleyo kuye. Ngowe-1547 wathabatha kwisihloko yokumkani. Le ibekwa yabanjwa Kwingcingane Cathedral. Kulo nyaka kwakukho uthotho imililo kunye mvukelo edumileyo, nto leyo eyayibonisa ukuba ekuhlaleni kukho ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwabantu kunye izinduna. Ivan IV waqala ukomeleza ukulwa urhulumente boyar, bephethe abantu abavela kwezinye ngamafa. isangqa kwangaphakathi ebizwa "rada ezikhethiweyo", nto leyo ibe nabantu ezifana Andrei Kurbsky, Metropolitan Macarius kunye umbingeleli uSylvester, Aleksey Adashev. Ukuba kwenziwe inguqu alandelayo balizukisa ubukumkani Ivan:

1. Ngo-1550 wakhutshwa ekuthiwa-Code of Law - iseti lwemithetho aziqinisa umbuso.

2. Xa umkhosi kwakukho Strelets amajoni.

3. Kwakukho inkqubo yezimali zingaguquka.

4. Ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni kunye central irhoxisiwe zezondlo imiyalelo inkqubo zaziswa.

5. Kwakukho ibandla zingaguquka.

Utshintsho ziye zakhokelela ekubeni ngexesha elifutshane kweli lizwe landa kakhulu amandla negunya. Wakhethwa Symbol kunye nenkqubo yayo karhulumente baba kakhulu ngempumelelo. Zonke izigqibo ezithathwe kule minyaka yokuqala 50 kwinkulungwane, zazijoliswe ngokwenzela amandla wokumkani. Ngaphandle kokuba iPalamente kunyulwa nenguqulo yayo kuba nempembelelo entle kurhulumente kunye nokomeleza unegunya, oko itshitshisiwe ngo 1560. Izizathu zoku ezimbalwa. Ukumkani ayisekho wathembela neqembu yakhe ebantwini, ingakumbi xa kukrokrelwa nokuceba emva wabalekela Poland Andreya Kurbskogo. Kwakhona wakhulela umahluko izimvo nkqubo angaphandle kunye zasekhaya.

Ngowe-1565, Ivan IV yasekwa ilifa lobunganga omtsha - oprichnina, eziquka uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho imimandla. Apha, ukumkani kwasekwa namaqumrhu karhulumente yakhe - ingcamango, inkundla, imiyalelo, enempi oprichnina, apho kamva ijikwe ibe isixhobo ngokunxunguphala kwezopolitiko. Wakhethwa Symbol kunye oprichnina banikwa imisebenzi sazela, kodwa ukuba yokuqala kohlwaywa kuphela izinduna, lo oprichnina inamandla kuzo zonke iiklasi. Ngenxa ukongamela kwalowo oprichnina kwi zikarhulumente ukuseka i abasemagunyeni kulawulo etyeni Ivan IV. King kwamenza lesiqhulo "i esibi" Kule minyaka enzima.

Noko ke, ebukumkanini ngesothuso yaba ngaphantsi ngaphezu rada ezikhethiweyo kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yayo ngempumelelo. Ngenxa yoko, ukumkani irhoxisiwe oprichnina ngo-1572. Emva koko, eli lizwe libe namava ezopolitiko kunye neentlekele kwezoqoqosho le 70s-80s. Ngaphezu koko, kuye kubekho nokutshatyalaliswa ezifama, nto leyo neyintsika yoqoqosho yelizwe - ukuba ejolise ukuba ezikhethiweyo rada. Oprichnina ubukhulu becala kwakhokelela nentlekele jikelele igunya kunye Ixesha ezayo Iingxaki.