Battle of Navarino. impi yomkhosi wamanzi enkulu 1827. iziphumo

Navarino ulwandle idabi, nto leyo lwenzeka kwi ilanga, Oktobha 20, 1927 kwi bay eponymous, hayi nje elinye lamaphepha uzukileyo kwimbali fleet lwasekhaya, kodwa kungumzekelo oko Russia kunye namazwe of Western Europe uyakwazi ukufumana izinto esivumelana ngazo xa kuziwa njengoko ukuphula amalungelo nenkululeko kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo. Inkcaza sibambisene nxamnye owalupheleyo Ottoman, iBritani, Russia, France ibe seyinike uncedo exabiseke kakhulu kubantu ZesiGrike kumzabalazo kwabo inkululeko.

Russia naseYurophu kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX

Empire Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19, ngakumbi emva kokoyiswa kukaNapoleon kunye Congress of Vienna, waba lilungu epheleleyo inkqubo yezopolitiko ngamazwe. Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo yayo imi--1810-1830. Kwaba njalo kakhulu ukuba bafuna inkxaso kuzo zonke iimeko ngaphezulu okanye kangako. Yenziwe xa isindululo Alexander I, i-Alliance oyiNgcwele, injongo ephambili apho umlo ukuba ukulondolozwa ekhoyo kumazwe aseYurophu, neenkqubo zopolitiko, iye yaba sisixhobo ebalulekileyo nempembelelo kuzo zonke imicimbi intra-zaseYurophu.

Enye ubuthathaka yaseYurophu kwikota yokuqala kwinkulungwane XIX ngokuthe nokonakala Ottoman. Phezu kwayo yonke imizamo ukuguqula, Turkey liya lisasalele emva iintlanga abaziintloko, kancane ulawulo lwepropati, kuquka yinxalenye yombuso. indawo ekhethekileyo awuthimba inkqubo le amazwe ye-Balkan Peninsula, abathi iliso uncedo kunokwenzeka eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu uya uvuma ukulwela inkululeko yabo.

Ngowe-1821, kwaqalisa kwimvukelo Greek. Urhulumente Russian ufumene ngokwayo kwimeko enzima, kwelinye icala, imiba Alliance oyiNgcwele akazange avunyelwe ukuba ukuxhasa abo wakhuthaza kuhlaziywe nemeko ekhoyo, yaye kwelinye - amaGrike Orthodox kudala zithathwa namahlakani ethu, lo gama ubudlelane kunye Turkey phantse bekusoloko kude ukusuka ivale. Kunokuba ngokuqaphela kuqala enxulumene kwezi ziganeko ngokuthe ngcembe indawo koxinzelelo ikhula ngokwandileyo kwinzala Osman. Battle of Navarino ngo-1827 yaba kwisigqibo esisiso yale nkqubo.

Imvelaphi kunye Izizathu

Eliphikisayo Greek kwaye Turkish kangangexesha elide, akukho namnye amaqela ababa aphumeze noludumileyo isigqibo. I status quo lirekhode ekuthiwa-Akkerman Convention, ngoko unobangela isisombululo soxolo wathabatha esebenzayo eRashiya, France kunye England. Nicholas I wakwenza kwacaca ukuba Sultan Mahmud II, apho kuya kufuneka uye concessions ezinzulu kakhulu ukugcina ithi Balkan njengenxalenye awayewulawula. Ezi mfuno ziye esisigxina protocol Petersburg ngowe-1826, apho amaGrike wathenjiswa Inkululeko ngokubanzi, kuquka ilungelo lokuzikhethela kwi-ofisi yoluntu amagosa ayo.

Nangona zonke ezi zivumelwano, Turkey ngalo lonke ithuba aspired ukuba yilo nxamnye amaGrike abanekratshi kubulawa ngokwenene. Ekugqibeleni oku kwakhokelela Russia kunye namahlakani ayo zaseYurophu ukudlulela inyathelo ngakumbi.

Ukulungelelaniswa imikhosi phambi Battle of Navarino

Battle of Navarino wafumanisa ukuba kukho ixesha xa izithuthi Turkish ithathwa omnye kakhulu eYurophu, baye ngendlela eyothusayo kudlule. Sultan and Pasha kapudan Muharram Bey ikwazile ukucela kummandla yaseMeditera amandla omhle kakhulu. Ukongeza frigates eyiyo Turkish Zempi ezigqalileyo enamandla laseYiputa, Tunisia thina. Ngokubanzi, oku armada yayiquka 66 pennants, nto leyo ezingaphezulu kwama-2100 imipu. Turks kwakhona ukubala kwinkxaso zokudubula konxweme, umbutho apho indima enkulu ngexesha lakhe kukhalisa iinjineli isiFrentshi.

butho federal, apho umyalelo jikelele yezikhundla wabonisa eliNgesi Codrington, kwakukho amadoda angamashumi amabini anesithandathu kuphela pennants ngemipu phantse 1,300. Noko ke, zinqanawa komgca - amandla ephambili nayiphi na ingcinezelo yomkhosi wamanzi ixesha - babe ngakumbi - ezilishumi ukuya kwezisixhenxe. Ke butho Russian, ukuba ibandakanyiwe ezine Zempi kunye frigates, kwaye umthetho sosha onamava L. Heyden, ngubani yayiphethe iflegi kwi flagship "Azov".

Isimo ngaphambi kokuba impi

Sele ukuba kule ndawo lencinibakazi kwisiGrike, Allied umyalelo wenze ilinge lokugqibela ukusombulula ingxabano ngoxolo. Pasha Ibragim ngexesha thethwano egameni Sultan wathembisa kuthula iiveki ezintathu ukuba phantse ngoko nangoko ukuba begqobhozile. Emva koko, la manqaku fleet encedisayo of uhlela ukwakha zivaliwe Turks e Navarino Bay, apho abo phantsi kokhuselo neebhetri lwamanxweme ezinamandla yenzelwe ukunika idabi jikelele.

Battle of Navarino waye becala yalahleka baseTurkey phambi kokuba aqale. Ukukhetha le bay kunokuba emxinwa, eneneni ziye ndayihluthwa la uncedo lwamanani, njengoko kuphela inxalenye encinane iinqanawa zabo ngaxeshanye inxaxheba ekulweni. Coast zokudubula ke wayama ngayo intsimbi yehashe yezi zithuthi Turkish, indima ekhethekileyo emfazweni akazange adlale.

Amanyeneyo babeceba ukuhlasela ntsika zimbini: i-British ne-French kwafuneka Ekutyunyuzweni ephangweni sokunene, Russian butho wamajoni - bagqiba ekuchithweni, Esayama kwicala lasekhohlo lwe zezithuthi Turkish.

Ukuqala edabini

Ngentsasa yango-Oktobha 8, 1827 butho Anglo-French, nto leyo kufutshane welinye icala umgca phantsi komxholo, qala sindululo kade kwicala baseTurkey. Sisondela ngaphakathi efile, iinqanawa bema, kwaye Admiral Codrington wathumela izigidimi baseTurkey, ababedutyulwe kunye shotgun. Kuqhume uphawu ekuqaleni ekulweni; macala omabini ngexesha elinye ukuthetha malunga namawaka amabini imipu, yonke Bay ligutyungelwe yomsi acrid ukuzila.

Kweli nqanaba, imikhumbi encedisayo alikwazanga ukuphumeza noludumileyo isigqibo. Ngaphezu koko, le mijukujelwa Turkish kwabangela inkqubo umonakalo ngokwaneleyo kakhulu Muhharey Bey waba elukhuni.

Battle of Navarino: Umnyango ke zezithuthi Russian kunye utshintsho olukhulu

Ngelo xesha xa isiphumo imfazwe nangoku kude ecacileyo, ngokuba imisebenzi ibambene waqala Heyden butho Russian, nto leyo yintlungu ejoliswe ephangweni lasekhohlo baseTurkey. Awahlali lokuqala "Hanko" shot ibhetri yaselunxwemeni, nto leyo eye na ixesha lokwenza volleys ezilishumi. Emva koko, bemi kumgama umgama ongangowokutola ngompu, iinqanawa Russian nafika kulo ezimbini zokucwangcisa, ukudutyulwa notshaba fleet.

Kungelula edabini wawa flagship "Azov", ogama ngqwayi wayesaziwa zasekhaya umphathi yomkhosi wamanzi uMikhail various. Njengoko intloko unit yokulwa Russian, ngoko nangoko wangena edabini ngeenqanawa ezintlanu lutshaba, sendela ababini kubo ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko, koko wabalekiselwa ukophula le yaseBritani "Asia", wawavulayo umlilo nxamnye notshaba flagship. Zempi Russian kunye frigates ndiziphathe ngendlela ongumzekelo edabini: ukuthatha loo ndawo ubuwasekele yona idabi, baphantsi kokuvutha umlilo utshaba wenza odla ecacileyo kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo, warhaxwa enye kwenye Turkish nakwinkundla yaseYiputa. Loo butho imizamo Heyden wasinika utshintsho olukhulu emfazweni.

Isiphelo ekulweni; uloyiso ngokupheleleyo fleet encedisayo

Battle of Navarino kwathatha iiyure nje emine kwaye yoxinaniso eliphezulu kakhulu lomlilo kunye saturation zigcwalisa. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwaliwa kwi kwintsimi Turkish, ezizezi Turks babekulungele kuba kubi. Eziliqela baneenqanawa ngexesha intshukumo yabaleka umkhombe waba lula lixhoba. Ekupheleni ilixa lesithathu imfazwe ecacileyo, Amanyeneyo baqalisa ukuba singenele ngubani na ngeenqanawa ngaphezulu esinkini.

Ngenxa yoko, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa zilwe inqanawa enye, imikhumbi encedisayo oyisiwe zonke izithuthi Turkish: ukubaleka waba inqanawa enye kuphela, yaye wafumana ukonzakala okukhulu kakhulu. Olo isiphumo kakhulu sonke intsalela imikhosi kule ngingqi.

iziphumo

Battle of Navarino ngo-1827 yaba sisiqalo emfazweni elandelayo Russian-Turkish. Omnye umphumela kwayo kwaba utshintsho elibukhali kwi umlinganiselo imikhosi yamaGrike kunye nesiTurkish. Emva yokuhlaselwa elihlazo, Turkey singene kwixesha lentlekele kakhulu kwezopolitiko. Wayengekho ukuya izinyanya yamaGrike, ngubani bakwazi ukuphumelela kuphela ukuzimela ebanzi, kodwa ukuze bafumane inkululeko ngokupheleleyo kungekudala.

1827 kwimbali Russia - kusaya esinye isiqinisekiso yamandla ayo zomkhosi nezopolitiko. Abizelwe emkhosini inkxaso kumazwe afana eNgilani France, wakwazi ukuba kugxininiswe le meko ukomeleza indawo yalo kwiqonga yaseYurophu.