Kokusayina isenzo uzinikele ngokungagungqiyo eJamani. Imbali kwi Second World War

NgoMeyi 9, 1945 - lo mhla abazaziyo wonke umhlali laseRashiya mihla lalisakuba yiSoviet Union njengoko ngemini Uloyiso Great phezu Fascism. Ngelishwa, ezi zibakala zembali alusoloko ayintsonkothanga, oku kuvumela ezinye mbali of Western Yurophu baxabane iziganeko. Nokusayinwa kwisenzo uzinikele ngokungagungqiyo iJamani kwenzeka kancinane eyohlukileyo sonke siyazi ukususela kwiincwadi zembali, kodwa oko akuthethi ukutshintsha umfanekiso ngenkqubela kunye isiphumo imfazwe wamagazi.

ekhubekisayo

Red Army ebusika kweminyaka 43-44 wawagxotha amaJamani ukuya umda kuwo onke amanqanaba. amadabi abaziingwanyalala bazisebenzise bazigqiba imikhosi yotshaba, kodwa kudala ubunzima ngenxa amajoni Soviet. Liberation of Karelia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, kwenzeka ekuhambeni 1944, i-Red Army wafika kwimida lizwe umhlaseli. Nokusayinwa kwisenzo uzinikele ngokungagungqiyo eJamani kodwa ukuba kuza, iikhilomitha ndidinwe ukunduluka umkhosi kufuneka ukuba yimbumba ukuze idabi lokugqibela. Ukuthatha Berlin iye yaba yinto iwonga welizwe lethu, kule nkalo, kunye namahlakani. January 1945 kwaba mzuzu endingayi kubuya ngawo ngenxa amaNazi, imfazwe yalahleka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngqongqo wamelana nazo ekwimimandla emelene Berlin. Ukudalwa abaninzi enqatyisiweyo, lolungiso kwamacandelo umkhosi, ukusikwa zezahlulo kwi Eastern Front - Hitler uthatha ezi zenzo ukuze ukuphelisa amajoni Soviet. Inxalenye iyakwazi ukucothise advance kwi eBerlin, kukho elinye ixesha ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya ku-Epreli 1945. Olu tyando sihlelwe ngononophelo kwaye zilungiswe, ukuba imiphambili phambili ukutsala kunye bonke oovimba kunokwenzeka kunye nezixhobo. Ukususela 16 ku April 17, 1945 kuhlaselwa elikomkhulu Germany uqala miba mibini - lokuqala Belarusian (Marshal zhukov Georgiy Konstantinovich) kunye lokuqala Ukrainian (. Isahluko Umyaleli Konev Ivan Stepanovich), i-Belarusian Front yesibini (Rokossovskiy uKonstantin Konstantinovich) ziya kusebenzisa bume wesixeko kunye nokuthintela uzama ukuba atyhudise. Njengoko xa bekukho le minyaka mine eyoyikekayo yemfazwe, bancwine abahlatyiweyo wavuka waza wangena ukusebenza e Berlin, nangona uxhathiso komsindo amaNazi, itshayelwe qinisa, wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba oku umendo uloyiso. Kuphela emini ngoMeyi 2 45 kulo nyaka ikomkhulu Wesithathu wawela cwaka ngokupheleleyo, iintsalela kaNdikhoyo ekampini zanikezelwa yaye iiflegi Soviet indawo swastika phezu iintsalela izakhiwo kutshatyalaliswa.

obambisene

Ngehlobo lowe-1944 iqala umphululela kwangaphambili le imikhosi encedisayo kwicala yasentshona. Oku kubangwa monakalo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ye-Red Army kulo lonke ubude ngaphambili empumalanga. Ukugaleleka i uNorman kokwehla, ukuqhumisa qhinga ukweyona woshishino Wesithathu, imisebenzi zomkhosi kummandla eBelgium, eFransi naseJamani, nzima kakhulu imeko ku Germany. Umsebenzi we kummandla Ruhr, kumazantsi Austria wavunyelwa ukuba phambili nzulu kummandla umhlaseli. Le ntlanganiso edume eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet nozimanya ngokupheleleyo kwi iElbe River Epreli '45 ngenene inyathelo lokugqibela emfazweni. Le ukuthula ngamaNazi eJamani, iba ngumbandela ixesha, ingakumbi kuba ezinye nje sele iqalile ezinye izintlu Wehrmacht. Ukusuka kwindawo kwezopolitiko lwembono, ukuba kuthinjwe Berlin kwakufuneka namahlakani ngendlela efanayo njengoko yiSoviet Union, oko ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukhankanya Eisenhower. ubambe le ekhubekisayo yaba isondlo ukuba iinxalenye enxulumene le yaseBritani, amaMelika kunye baseKhanada. Emva i Ardennes ongaphumelelanga counter-ekhubekisayo, amajoni aseJamani layohlala phantse onke amanqanaba ngaphandle kokulwa bungwanyalala, ezama kuphosa yokulwa ezininzi unxibelelwano ukuya ngasempuma. Enyanisweni Hitler umva yakhe namahlakani waseUSSR, yonke imigudu ngokuthumela ukunqanda oluBomvu Army. Le phambi yesibini ihamba ngokucotha okukhulu, ngokomlomo manyano imichiza akazange afune ilahleko enkulu phakathi amajoni akhe ngexesha kuhlaselwa eBerlin kakuhle enqatyisiweyo kunye namadlelo ayo.

baseJamani

UHitler walinda de kube sekupheleni ekwahlulweni mdibaniso kunye utshintsho kumgca ngaphambili. Wayeqinisekile ukuba intlanganiso iya kubangela imfazwe entsha Allied nxamnye USSR. Xa akulindeleyo azenzeki, wagqiba ekubeni enze uxolo ne-United States kunye Great Britain, nto leyo eza kunika ithuba lokuba ukuvala phambi yesibini. -Thethwano ziye yayiphazamisekile ngenxa yokuba efunyenwe ngexesha ngokuvisisana intelligence eSoviet. Le nyaniso olukhawulezisiweyo kakhulu kwangaphambili oluBomvu Army kwaye kuthintele amathuba ekuqukunjelweni a uxolo eyahlukileyo. Sizana waba ngokuqiniseka nimane ukuthotyelwa zonke izivumelwano Yalta, nto leyo yathetha kokusayina isenzo uzinikele ngokungagungqiyo eJamani. "Sondelani" Berlin, uHitler wayekulungele amajoni Anglo-American ukwenza njalo yena baphumelela ngenxa umyalelo eSoviet. Okuhlaselayo nesiphango ikomkhulu Wesithathu waqalisa ukuba amajoni ethu imbeko. AmaNazi nguqu, kwafuneka akukho siphumele, iindlela ukuya sixeko saba kwiindawo enamandla enqatyisiweyo.

Inkomfa Yalta

ekhubekisayo Kuku kwi ngaphambili empuma nasentshona wakwenza kwacaca ukuba amaNazi ukuba ube kufuphi ukuthula iyonke yaseJamani. 1945 (ukuqala kwakhe) Hitler Akazange ashiye sethubeni lokuphumelela kunye amathuba okulwa ixesha elide omabini amanqanaba. I anti-uHitler angalawuliyo kakuhle ukubaluleka isisombululo soxolo wavuma inguqu sobummandla kunye nezopolitiko akhululwe eYurophu. Abameli inqanaba eliphezulu amagunya ezintathu encedisayo ngoFebruwari 1945 ababehlanganisene Yalta. Stalin, Roosevelt kunye Churchill ukujonga elizayo hayi kuphela eJamani, Poland, Italy kunye neFransi, bathe bakuyila isixhobo vuvabyi yaseYurophu ezintsha kwaphawuleka kule minyaka ingama-40 ezayo. Kakade ke, kwezi meko, akukho namnye amazwe ababa abizele magama zabo, ngoko ke iziphumo zale nkomfa lembali ngokuyinxenye nezidingo iinkokeli. Kodwa umba eliyinhloko ukutshatyalaliswa yobuFasi kunye nobuzwe, ingozi kolawulo loo ingqalelo ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.

uxwebhu Ukulungiselela

Nokusayinwa kwisenzo uzinikele ngokungagungqiyo eJamani ngowe-1945, kodwa ngowama-1943 idrafti yolu xwebhu kuye kwavunyelwana ngawo onke amazwe anti-uHitler womanyano. Umqalisi yendalo saso Roosevelt, uxwebhu ngokwayo laqulunqwa ngoncedo kwekomiti ecebisayo ziingcali yaseYurophu. okubhaliweyo idraft ebanzi kakhulu yaye iingcebiso ngakumbi kwindalo, ngoko enyanisweni ukuthula German satyikitywa esemva kwaleyo yokulungiselela koxwebhu ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. beza amagosa waseMelika kuphuhliso lawo emkhosini, kwicala kuphela kokwenzekayo. Amanqaku loxwebhu ezintandathu eziqulathwe neemfuno ezithile, imihla ethile kunye neenkqubo kwimeko eyaphula naliphi na inqaku, ezibe yimbali.

uzinikele akakhethi

Eziliqela iiyunithi omkhulu wamajoni Wehrmacht kwiNgxowa amajoni eManyeneyo phambi kokuba isivumelwano esatyikitywa ngomhla fascists uzinikele ngokupheleleyo. Amaqela German nemikhosi bazama ukuba atyhudise, abheke entshonalanga, ukuba ukulwa Russian. umyalelo lwabo wayesazi ukuba imfazwe iphelile, kwaye nekhusi ukuba ungafumana, ngoku- kuphela baseMerika bethinjiwe kunye British. Ingakumbi iqela SS yomkhosi, dumile ngenxa yenkohlakalo eSoviet Union, babaleka phambili ngokukhawuleza Russian. Kwimeko yokuqala iindlela zokunikezela sabhalwa Aprili 29, 1945 e-Italy. Ngamana amajoni Soviet lesi 2 ibisuka ikampu Berlin, imikhosi aselwandle Jamani ngoMeyi 4 eDenmark, eNetherlands kwiNgxowa-British, 5 Meyi, Army Group "G" wanikezela, ngaphambi kokuba afike Amerika Austria.

Uxwebhu lokuqala

May 8, 1945 - lo mhla eYurophu kucingelwa ukuba iMini Uloyiso phezu yobuFasi. Waye andinyulanga ngengozi, xa abameli enyanisweni lorhulumente omtsha waseJamani wasayina emuva ngoMeyi 7, uze kungena kuxwebhu Ibutho ngemini elandelayo. Friedeburg Admiral njengenxalenye igqiza German bafika iRhine, eyayisekelwe kwikomkhulu Eisenhower isindululo ukuthula Meyi 5, 1945. AmaNazi baqalisa ukuba uvumelane namahlakani ayo phantsi kwemiqathango yoxwebhu, zizama ukuthenga ixesha kunye ukuze amajoni ezininzi kunye umphakathi lomgca ngaphambili yasentshona, lo gama zange ayeke iinzame ekunqandeni nomkhosi kwicala lasempuma. Eisenhower yokulahlwa zonke iingxoxo ka amaJamani, zenziwe ngokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo ngokungagungqiyo Germany kunye nokusayinwa uxwebhu ngawo onke amaqela ukuba impi. Meyi 6 kwi-iRhine zabangelwa abameli bawo onke amabutho encedisayo. Kwiincwadi zembali eSoviet musa ukubonakalisa ngubani osayine isenzo ukuthula Germany kwi lwalo yokuqala, kodwa amagama aba bantu asinda ukusuka eSoviet Union - Jikelele Susloparov, ukususela imikhosi emanyeneyo Amanyeneyo - Jikelele Smith, evela eJamani - Jikelele Jodl, Admiral Friedeburg.

Stalin

Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov wayelilungu uthumo Soviet kwikomkhulu le namahlakani, ngoko ngaphambi kokuba ufake utyikityo lwakho kuxwebhu yembali, wegqitha ulwazi eMoscow. Impendulo wafika emva kwexesha, kodwa endaweni yakhe yesine kwathetha ithuba izilungiso kwinguqulelo yokuqala, yaye oku wathabatha Stalin. Wafuna isiqinisekiso kwakhona nokutyikitywa, njengoko iingxoxo yezi zizathu zilandelayo banikwa:

1. AmaNazi emva kokusayina uzinikele iyaqhubeka imisebenzi esebenzayo Uyalwa emkhosini ngaphambili empumalanga.
2. libaluleke kakhulu ayithabathele kuye Stalin kwaye apho wasayina ukuthula waseJamani. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokwembono yakhe, kufanelekile kuphela likomkhulu karhulumente boyisiwe.
3. Susloparov wayengenalo igunya ukutyikitya xwebhu.

Amanyeneyo kwavunyelwana uluvo lwakhe, ngokungakumbi nakubeni ke ekuphindwa kuyo nkqubo, engaquki ukutshintsha kubume bayo.

Le ukuthula of Germany

Umhla isiqinisekiso yesivumelwano yangaphambili ezimiselwe May 8, 1945. Xa iiyure 22 43 imizuzu xesha inkqubo yaseYurophu lokusayina uzinikele kuye kwagqitywa eMoscow wayesele ngosuku olulandelayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ntsasa ka Meyi 9 kummandla USSR wabhengezwa ekupheleni imfazwe kunye ukoyiswa ngokupheleleyo ku Germany. Enyanisweni, uxwebhu sasayinwa ngaphandle utshintsho olubalulekileyo ukusuka umyalelo eSoviet sisayinwe Marshal zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich, yimikhosi encedisayo - Marshal Arthur ryan, evela eJamani - alimwi otshatsheleyo Wehrmacht UWilhelm Keitel, Colonel-Jikelele Stumpf Luftwaffe, Navy ADM Friedeburg. Njengoko amaNgqina Jikelele Lattre de Tassigny (France), Spaatz Jikelele (USA).

butha

amaqela amaninzi zwilakhe abazange baqaphele ukuba ukuthula yaye waqhubeka ukuba sixhathise imikhosi eSoviet (kummandla Austria kunye yeCzechoslovakia), ndithembe ukuba atyhudise, abheke ngasentshona, size Amanyeneyo. Ezo nzame samiswa kokutshatyalaliswa imikhosi yotshaba, ngoko msebenzi wamajoni olwenziwe eMpuma Front de May 19, 1945. Bamalunga nama-1.5 million amajoni aseJamani 100 iinjengele kwiNgxowa imikhosi eSoviet emva May 8. Inani yokungqubana owodwa ebalulekileyo, saa utshaba amandla rhoqo wamelana imikhosi yethu, ngoko ke uluhlu labo babulawa kule mfazwe umngcangcazelisi ayiphelelanga ngomhla ka Meyi 9. Umqukumbelo uxolo phakathi kwamaqela ezinkulu ukuya ungquzulwano lwenzeke ngexesha kokusayina i "Yenzani lwe eJamani." Umhla ukuba uza kuphelisa longquzulwano emkhosini, uya kuza kuphela ngoJuni 1945. Ngelo xesha, kuya kuqulunqwa zize zisayinwe uxwebhu, esekelwe kwi-post-imfazwe Umgaqo wolawulo lizwe.

uloyiso

Levitan yavakalisa ekupheleni kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Meyi 9, 1945. Le mini yokubhiyozela woloyiso yabantu Soviet zamazwe ngamazwe phezu yamaNazi eJamani. Kwaye ngoko, kwaye ngoku Akukhathaliseki ukuba inani oko wasayina ukuthula, 7 okanye 8, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba lokusayina uxwebhu. iintlanga ezininzi ubunzima kule mfazwe, kodwa Russian uya kusoloko kuba nebhongo yokuba kwakukho eyaphukileyo wabakhulula ilizwe labo kunye Europe. Uloyiso Kwakunzima, imali ezininzi zobomi, nesigxina elowo mihla - ukuthintela ukwenzeka ntlekele. Nokusayinwa kwisenzo uzinikele ngokungagungqiyo iJamani wathabatha kabini indawo, kodwa intsingiselo yalo xwebhu wahlukile.