Imvelaphi yeembali: ukubanjwa kweBerlin

Ngo-Apreli yayinyuka kwaye iluhlaza, unyaka wokugqibela wemfazwe enegazi. Imisebenzi yaseMpiya yayisondele kwimimandla yaseJamani. Ukusuka empuma umkhosi we-USSR wawuqhubela phambili , ukususela kuma-allies entshonalanga. Wonke umntu waqonda ukuba isiphelo se-Wehrmacht kunye nokubanjwa kweBerlin kwakungenakupheka.

Ngeli xesha, iJamani yayinokupheleliswa koqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Umntu oseleyo oseleyo, eJapane, akakwazanga ukunceda, kwaye wahlala kwimeko efanayo. Imveliso yemikhosi yaseJamani yayilokhu iyancipha, uqoqosho lwaluhlehlisiwe. Ukulahleka kwabantu kwakubaluleke gqitha kangangokuba abafana abaselula abaneminyaka eli-16-17 babhalwa emkhosini. Into efanelekileyo kuphela eJamani yanciphisa ubude be-Eastern Front, eyanceda ukugxininisa imimandla eninzi yokumelana nommandla wayo.

Isicwangciso socwangciso sikaHitler sasigcine ukunyanzeliswa kwemikhosi yaseSoviet empumalanga ngokukhawuleza, kwaye okwangoku ukugqiba uxolo oluhlukeneyo namazwe alinxulumeneyo. Inkokheli ye-Wehrmacht yayilungele ukunikezela eBerlin kwimikhosi yaseNgilani nase-United States, kodwa nayiphi na indleko ayizange ivume amaRashiya apho.

Ngenxa yoko, ubuninzi bemikhosi ejoliswe empuma yeJamani, apho kwakhiwa khona izakhiwo ezikhuselekileyo. Kwakhiwa indawo yaseBerlin ekhuselekileyo, eyayiquka ezintathu iindandatho ezongeziweyo. Isixeko ngokwawo sahlula sibe ngamacandelo asithoba, axhunyiwe ngokujika.

Inamandla kakhulu yayilungiselelwe ukukhusela indawo ephakathi, eyayihlala kwizakhiwo zolawulo kunye neReichstag. Inani leenqanawa laseBerlin liye landa rhoqo ngenxa yokubambisa. Kwakucacile ukuba ukubanjwa kweBerlin kwakuya kunzima kwaye kuchithe igazi.

Umyalelo waseJamani wabiza ukulwa nalo mzi "kumntu wokugqibela, kumphathi wokugqibela." Ukukhusela ngokuphumelelayo kwentengo-mali kunokuba yintshintsho kwimbali yemfazwe. Umsebenzi wemikhosi yaseSoviet yayinanoma yintoni indleko yokuphula ukuxhatshazwa kweJamani kunye nokukhokelela ekugqibeleni kokugqibela nokungekho kwemfuneko.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwintsebenziswano yaseBerlin, imikhosi yamathathu athatyathwe kwicala laseSoviet, ukwenzela ukuba ngenxa yoko imikhosi yethu yayiyinani elikhulu kunamaJamani.

Isicwangciso esiqhelekileyo sokusebenza sasilandelayo: ngokukhawuleza ukubetha amaqela aphezulu aseJamani amabutho kunye ne-Vistula, ukuqinisekisa ukuthunjwa kweBerlin nokufikelela kuMlambo i-Elbe ukuze kuhlangane kunye nemikhosi ye-Allied. Oku kwakukunciphisa iJamani ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunyanzeliswa ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye kuyinyanzele ukuba ilandele ngokupheleleyo. Isivumelwano neBrithani kunye neUnited States malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwezenzo ezidibeneyo zafinyelelwa kwiNgqungquthela yaseCrimea.

Phakathi no-Apreli 1945, emva kokulungiswa ngokucophelela, ama-Soviet aqalisa ukukhusekisa ngamandla eBerlin. Amandla okuhlaselwa komlilo kunye nokuhlaselwa komoya kwaphazamiseka. Umthetho wokuqala waseUkraine, owokuQala nowesiBili waseByelorussian uhambele ngokukhawuleza wangena ngaphakathi kwintsimi yintshaba, ukubetha iindandatho ezungeze inkunzi. Ngo-Ephreli 19, imikhosi yamaSoviet yakwazi ukugqithisa isangqa yesithathu yokuzivikela kwaye ijikeleze isixeko ukusuka ngasentla. Ukulahleka kumacala omabini kwakuninzi.

Kodwa ngo-Aprili 24, iBellin yafakwa kwi-encirclement, kwaye ngo-Ephreli 25 inhlanganisela ehleliweyo yamaqela aseSoviet ne-Anglo-American eyenzekayo-intlanganiso kwi-Elbe. Yonke into iyahamba ngokwecwangciso.

Amasosha aseSoviet akhuthazwa yintliziyo kunye novuyo loloyisa ngokukhawuleza. Amajoni aqala ukujoyina iqela leqela, kwaye amajoni awonakele ayenqaba ukuphuma kuloo mfazwe.

Ukuthinjwa kweBerlin kwavela ngo-Ephreli 16 ukuya kuMeyi 2. Ingqumbo yomsebenzi yayiyinto yokulwa nomzi, owaqala ngo-Apreli 21. Kwaye kwabakho ama-470,000 amaSoviet amajoni angama-300 000 amaJamani. Ubungqineko bentsebenziswano yaseBerlin kukuba ukuhlaselwa kwetanki ngokubanzi kwaye kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. AmaNazi awamelana kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, kwiiveki ezimbini zokulwa ngaphezulu kweyesithathu kwikhosi yama-tank yaseSoviet yalahleka.

Ukulwa kwindlunkulu yayiyimini nobusuku. Ngomhla wama-28 uEpreli, ukugubha kweReichstag - isimboli kunye nesinqaba se-Wehrmacht saqala. Ngokuqinisekileyo yajika yaba yinqaba ekhuselekayo ekhuselekiswa yiyunithi efanelekileyo ye-SS kunye nama-cadet aqeqeshiwe kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, wonke umntu wayesiqonda ukuba le nto yayingumzabalazo wokubhujiswa.

Phakathi komhla ngo-Apreli 30, amasosha aseSoviet akwazi ukuhlala kwisiteji sokuqala sakhiwo, kwaye ngomhla wama-22: 40, amajoni e-150th Division Infantry Division Egorov, eKantaria naseBerest yaphakamisa ibhanti yempi yaseSoviet phezu kophahla lweReichstag.

Ngexesha elifanayo, uHitler wazibulala kwindawo yakhe.

Ukubanjwa kweBerlin ngo-1945 kwakungeyona nto yokulwa kule mpi. Ngaphambi kwemikhosi yamaSoviet yayilinde ukukhululwa kwePrague kunye nezinye iimfazwe ezibalulekileyo ezigxotha ulwalathiso lwentshona.