Imbali kaPeterhof ukusuka ekubuseni kukaPetros Omkhulu kude kube namhlanje

Enye yezinto ezimangalisayo kunye ezimnandi zaseJurophu ezinqabeni zase-Petersburg kwaye zibizwa ngokuba nguPeterhof. Imbali ichaza ngokufutshane ukudala le ndawo emangalisayo. Masizame size sihambe ngokukhawuleza kwiinqanaba ezibalulekileyo zobomi bukaPeterhof.

Indawo enhle

Umlando uthi indawo yalo mzi yanyulwa nguPeter I. Ngo-1705 inqanawa encinane "uMunker" yafika kummandla weGulf of Finland 40 km ukusuka eSt. Petersburg ekwakhiweni. Ukusuka apha, ii-horizons zoLwandle lwaseBaltic kunye nesiqithi esikhulu sazibonela kakuhle, apho ngelo xesha kwakhiwa iinqaba ezinamandla eKronshlot. Ngo-1708, ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwendlu yeplanga kaPetros Omkhulu eyakhiwe kwindoda yasePopovskaya, eyathiwa yiTsar ngokwakhe "ikhoromtsy", yabonakala. Ngaloo ndlela yaqala imbali kaPeterhof.

Iprojekthi yendawo yokuhlala yokuhlala

Ngo-1710, amanyathelo okuqala athatyathwa ukuba aguqulwe abantu abaQinisekayo kwiqela elityebileyo likaPeterhof. Ibali lixelela ukuba emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweSweden, uPetros I wahamba waya eFransi. Wayefundela ukuhlelwa kweendawo zokuhlala zobukhosi zaseFransi ezikhethekileyo - uCoisy, iTrianon, iVersailles. Ngexesha elifanayo, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye neenkcukacha zelungiselelo leepaki kunye nemithombo.

Ngomnyaka we-1716, ukumkani wayala eFransi umqambi owaziwayo uAlber Leblon, wamisela umqulunqo oqhelekileyo wexesha elizayo uPeterhof. Iingcamango ezininzi zafunyanwa ngabaqulunqi baseTaliyane - uBarolomeo Carlo Rastrelli, uNicolo Michetti, abaphathi beemithombo-iiVentians Giuliano kunye noGiovanni Barattini.

Ukufunyanwa kokuqala

Imisebenzi ekwakhiweni kukaPeterhof yaqhutyelwa ngejubane elimangalisayo, kwaye sele sele ivele ngo-Agasti 1725. Ngalesi xesha, ininzi yamanzi ayasebenza, iCanal Canal yacutshwa kwaye ipaki yayilungiselelwe, kunye neendonga ezincinci - iMarly noMonplaisir - nazo zakhiwa.

Hlonipha ukwenza ulungelo lokuqala lukaPeterhof lwawa nguMG Zemtsov - isakhiwo seRashiya esidumileyo. Ngaphambi koko, kwakungenasakhiwo kwintsimi yenkxalabo yabalimi abakhayo. Ngenxa yendlela ecacileyo, uPeterhof wathatha izakhiwo ezimbini ezongezelelweyo - kubahlali belizwe , i-Master's Corps yakhiwe, kubabo abakwa-Kavaler.

Imveliso yegranari, eyakhiwe ngo-1725, yayiyindawo yokuqala yezoshishino eyenziwa nguPeterhof. Imbali yoko kwenzekayo ixhomekeke ngokukhawuleza nokwakhiwa kwalobu bungcali. Umsebenzi owona mveliso wefektri wawukusetyenziswa kwelitye, okwakusetyenziselwa ukwakha iindonga kunye nezakhiwo zokwakha zeso sixeko esizayo. Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi wawusele uqalile ukumisa umzila wamanzi, owawufanele ukondle imithombo yamanzi kaPeterhof. Imbali yale migaqo yamanzi yamanzi yaqala kumbhedla woMlambo waseRopsha. Kwakungumanzi wakhe obekufuneka anikeze yonke imithombo yamagumbi epaki kunye negama elithi Peterhof.

Imbali yebhotwe kwii-XVII-XVIII iinkulungwane.

Ngethuba lolawulo lukaCatherine u-Anna no-Anna Ioannovna e-Peterhof, iimbono kunye nokuphuculwa kwezakhiwo zikaPetros I zenziwa. Xa uElizabeth Petrovna enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, wamemela unyana owaziwayo uCarlo Rastrelli, owayeselungele ukuba ngumyili wezakhiwo. UFrancesco Rastrelli uholele umsebenzi wokulungiswa kwakhona kwePeterhof. Ngaloo ndawo, amaCandelo aPhakamileyo aguqulwa, iJust Garden ephezulu yahlotshiswa. Kwakhona, u-Elizabeth Corps omtsha wamiselwa, owangena ngokusemthethweni kwi-Peterhof esele ixhobile.

Imbali ayicacile malunga naluphi na utshintsho oluphambili ngexesha lolawulo lukaCatherine II. Zonke iinguqulelo ngeli xesha zancitshiswa zibe utshintsho kwi-decor ye-interior yeendlovu kunye nokubizwa kwakhona kwe-Elizabeth Corps kwiCatherine.

Ngexesha lokunyuka etroneni likaPaul I, izakhiwo zokwakha zikaPeterhof zazifuna ngokukhawuleza ukulungiswa okukhulu, kwaye izidumbu zamanzi azizange zisebenze. Kuthatha iminyaka emininzi yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwendlu yonke. Umlinganiselo womsebenzi wawukhulu kangangokuba ukubuyiswa kokugqibela kukaPeterhof kwakusekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, xa unyana kaPaul I-Alexander II.

UPeterhof kwiXesti yeXIX

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane kwidolophana yasePeterhof kwakukho izindlu ezingama-50 zabemi kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingahlaliyo - izitepsi, izitya kunye nokunye. UAlexandro I wayala ukuba kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezibi kakhulu. Iiprojekthi zezindlu ezintsha zaphuhliswa nguVP Stasov nabanye. Izakhiwo eziguqulwayo zenziwa njengeenqanawa zokulawula iinqwelo zamahashe.

Ngaphantsi kweNicholas I intsimi kaPeterhof yandiswa ngokuthenga umhlaba osempuma wePaki ePhantsi. Ukususela ngo-1826, izakhiwo zikaPeterhof zizaliswa yi-Cottage yamabini amabini, okwakungowomfazi kaNicholas I-Alexandra Feodorovna. Kamva, iHlabathi leNdlu yaseFama yakhiwa kwaye iPark Park yafakwa.

Ukubanjelwa kukaAlexander II kwaphawulwa ngokuvulwa komzila wesitimela, odibene noSt. Petersburg kunye noPeterhof. Imbali yendlu yamatye de ibe ngowomnyaka we-1917 bubomi obunobulumko bododa abanobuchule nabalumkileyo, amalungu omndeni wasebukhosini kunye nabahloniphekileyo basePetersburg.

UPeterhof ngekhulu lama-XX

Emva kwenguqulelo, yonke indlu kunye nepaki yokudibanisa yabuzwe. Ngomnyaka we-1918, ngokusebenzisa iindibano zayo eziqaqambileyo, uhambo lokuqala lwabasebenzi lwabanjwa. Kodwa ukubuyiselwa okupheleleyo kwendibano ebhujisiwe kwathatha malunga ne-10 iminyaka. Ngowe-1926 imithombo yamapaki aphantsi yavuselelwa kwakhona, kwaye ngowe-1930 imithombo yamanzi yamanzi yayisuswa kwaye iJardin Garden ephakamileyo yabuyiselwa.

Imfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic akazange ayikhusele uPeterhof. Uninzi lweemiboniso zatshatyalaliswa okanye zatshitshiweyo, kwaye izakhiwo zezobugcisa zatshintshwa zaba yinqwaba yezidaka. Emva kokukhululwa kukaPeterhof ngo-1944 kwangoko kwaqalisa ukulungiswa nomsebenzi wokubuyisela, owawuhlala iminyaka engama-30. Ngomnyaka we-1973 ibhotwe kunye nepaki eziyinkimbinkimbi zabuyiselwa kwifomu yazo yasekuqaleni, kwaye ukususela ngoko uPeterhof akazange akhathele ukunqoba iintliziyo zababini baseRussia nabakhenkethi bezinye iintlanga.