Lev Zadov-Zinkovskiy - Head of Counterintelligence Revolutionary Kabul Army of Ukraine Nestor Makhno

Lev Zadov waba ngummeli abaziwayo lesiphithiphithi kweMfazwe Civil. An anarchist hi ku tiyiseka, yena kuqala babesilwela ecaleni Red Army, emva koko waya bavukeli Makhno. Emva kokoyiswa i "green" Zadoff wabalekela eRomania. Nokuba loxolo, wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, apho waqalisa ukusebenza lo NKVD.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Wazalwa Lev Nikolaevich Zadov Aprili 11, 1893. Xa uhlanga babengamaYuda, yaye igama lakhe lokwenyani labhalwa Zodov. Tsalelani Makhno waziwa kakhulu igama lakhe Zinkovskiy. Lev Nikolaevich Zadov wazalelwa lithanga encinane yamaYuda kufuphi IDonetsk-yanamhlanje. Nangona abantu lwaya bahlala ematyotyombeni compact eNtshona amaphondo yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kwaye onxulumene ubukho Pale of Settlement. AmaYuda ukuba ahlale kumbindi weli lizwe. Kodwa kwakukho abaninzi eUkraine kunye Poland.

Xa XIX kade - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. AmaYuda amaninzi baba ngamalungu mbuso. Mna kungekho ngaphandle kwaye Lev Nikolaevich Zadov. Ngenxa ukuzilolonga yakhe ndiyakhe esemncinane wayesebenza kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo (etyeni lokusila, mveliso njalo njalo. D.). Kule meko, kwaba ubuxoki ingakumbi esebenzayo yeentshukumo olukhulu yezopolitiko. Ngoko ke Zadov lula ukuba abe anarchist. Yena ukusasaza uncwadi mthethweni, yena inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso. nebala layo waba luncedo kakhulu ukukhuthuza okanye "ukubahlutha." Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba anarchist oselula inxaxheba ubuncinane ezithathu imisebenzi enjalo. Radicals ehluthwe nabamasango, isikhululo kaloliwe kunye ofisi yeposi. Le mali waya osethilini lo mbuso, waza wachitha phezu kushicilelwa izinto phulo.

Evalelwe entolongweni yaye Olubomvu Army

Ngowe-1913, Lev Nikolaevich Zadov ukuba umsebenzi wakhe oluthandabuzekayo wabanjwa ngabasemagunyeni. Inkundla yamgweba iminyaka esibhozo entolongweni sisebenza nzima. Kukho ngenxa anarchist dissonant walitshintsha igama lakhe waza waba Zinkovskaya. NgoFebruwari 1917 kwabakho revolution. Utyatyadule wathi wawa, yaye urhulumente omtsha wethutyana ubhengeze uxolelo wonke "amabanjwa ezopolitiko." Ngoko ke, Zinkovskiy wakhululwa emva isiqingatha kwishedyuli.

Revolutionary wabuyela lweenkobe Yuzovka wakhe (kungekudala ukuba igama seDonetsk), apho wonyulwa usekela abasebenzi basekuhlaleni. Emva kokuba iiBolsheviks beza amandla Zinkovskiy wabonakala ngokuzithandela kwi Red Army. Zeza kunye izimpi zakhe kwafuneka baleka Tsarina. Nangona imeko enzima nayo ngamalungu War Civil, esiqhelekileyo wayesele wabonisa amandla akhe brilliant and kungekudala wonyuselwa ukuba intloko isicima. Zadov kodwa kungekudala bashiya Red Army. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwenye kulo ngemibuzo yi-NKVD, phezu ukweqa yeenkolelo zakhe ucelwa. Xa ikomkhulu inxalenye oko umvuzo, Zinkovskaya njengoko umqeshi enkulu ihlawulwe 750 engange. Ordinary wafumana izihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphantsi. Oku bamqumbisa anarchist, waza waya Ukraine. Kamva kwi GPU le NKVD wamkhumbuza ukuba ukweqa ngo-1918.

Isandla sokunene Makhno

Waba intloko omtsha Zadoff, Nestor Makhno - anarchist kunye nentloko zomzabalazo wenkululeko Ukraine. Leo inxaxheba yonke imisebenzi emikhulu "abavukeli green". Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1919, koko wabubhekisa iqela ezizalisekisa igalelo oohlohlesakhe nabaphilayo yongxowankulu kwintsimi ilawulwa amandla Makhno.

Ukrainian Kabul Army yaba kakhulu non-uniform kumafa zabo. Iminqweno yamalungu ayo rhoqo musa idibana. Ngokomzekelo, wasebenzisa Zinkovskiy igama kunokuba ezingaqondakaliyo, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha basindileyo Red Army. Ezinye nxaxheba kweMfazwe Civil phakathi eyiyona Makhno zanyanzelisa ukuba afe. Baba abantu abanempembelelo ezifana Lev Golik (intloko counter-yezobuntlola) kunye Alexey Marchenko. Amarhe malunga unreliability Zinkovskaya luphembelela intetho ukuba eSoviet KGB ekuqasheni kuye.

Imisebenzi counterintelligence abavukeli

Okwangoku kakhulu ebaluleke kakhulu-mkhosi ka Makhno wahlangulwa nomfazi isohlwayo "uyise" Galina Kuzmenko. Zezinye ixesha wasebenza ngaphambili kunye Zinkovskaya counterintelligence bavukeli yaye yanikelwa esiqiniseke. Kunjalo Zadoff isikhundla sakhe kwafuneka ukuba umsebenzi ixakayo ngoxa ezintlwini Makhnovists.

imizimba sazela lahla abantu ekucingwa ngobuqhophololo nokungathembeki. Lev Nikolaevich Zinkovsky, ezifana Lenin, wayekholelwa ukuba revolution ayikwazi wenziwe iiglavu ezimhlophe nokusebenzisa iindlela yeengcungcu omzabalazo kwezopolitiko. Bonke ububi kweMfazwe Civil, namhlophe kunye ebomvu, yaye "green" ukuzithethelela ukukhonza injongo enkulu. Kwezinye, ukuba ubukomanisi, ngoxa abanye - inkululeko yesizwe okanye ukulingana ekuhlaleni phantsi iinjongo anarchic.

Ukuphela kweMfazwe Civil

Ngo-1920, i-Red Army ezihambe Denikin sabuya kwi Ukraine. Ke Nestor Makhno kunye nabaxhasi bakhe sivakaliswe iintshaba zabantu. Abavukeli boyiswa, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokusilela wamajoni, kodwa kona ukuqhambuka bhubhane yesifo. Isifo mercilessly ezafika amadoda kakhulu wayesenamandla yaye uphilile. Zinkovskiy kakhulu, umzuzwana yaba yintlekele, nangona, waba nako ukuzifumana. lowo phakathi ezimbalwa uqikelelo Makhno kusindiswa ekufeni ezimela yokusabela kwakhe.

Emva kokuba inkokeli intshukumo labavukeli boyiswa yajika ekhuselekileyo, ULeo kunye umzalwana wakhe ngokungemthetho wabuyela yakowabo Donbass wakhe. Kungekudala, urhulumente waseSoviet bagqiba ukwenza isivumelwano Makhno. Luqalile baye bacela ukuba benze uxolo kunye Reds kwaye ukubanceda ekulweni iintsalela yomkhosi Wrangel kaThixo, elikhuselweyo eCrimea. Ekwindla ka-1920 Zinkovskiy kwakhona ngokufutshane waba umlingane ebomvu. Wayesilwa eCrimea waza wathabatha inxaxheba ukoyiswa yokugqibela intshukumo eMhlophe eli lizwe.

izwe

Ngehlobo lowe-1921 Makhno kunye namaqabane ambalwa abasindileyo basaba eRomania. Xa edlula kumda Zadov wayalela ukusebenza Kungumngcipheko ukuphelisa nabalindi. Kunye ezilishumi Ntw 'wazenza Makhnovists ebomvu ilandelelwe. Ngoko ke anarchist yakwazi ukukhohlisa nabalindi. Xa ulahlekelwe siphaphile, kufutshane nama-odolo Zinkovskaya, umlilo nongenanceba yavulwa phezu kwabo.

kakhulu kuba Zadoff waqalisa ixesha yokushiywa. Wazinza eRomania. Ekubeni ubomi kungengenxa, owayesakuba Makhnovets kunye umzalwana wakhe wasebenza amaplanga. imeko yabo wabalasela, unikwe ukuba abavukeli wayesazi ubukho Ukrainian imingcwabo ubuncwane kungcwatywa kubo ngethuba leMfazwe Civil. ingxaki kuphela ukuba baziimbacu, bezama ukuwela umda yiSoviet, yaye akazange abe ixesha anyamekele kakuhle-ntle yabo elizayo.

Amazing

Kungekudala intelligence isiRomania baye bagaywa bangaphambili Makhnovets. Zinkovskaya wabingelela umsebenzi kwi weqembu ukuba izicwangciso siyifake Soviet Ukraine. Leo wavuma. Ngowe-1924 wabuyela ekhaya. Kodwa, nangoko Zadov wagqiba lokunikezela abasemagunyeni eSoviet. biographers bakhe bathi ukuba ukususela ekuqaleni duril Scouts isiRomania ukuya USSR kunye nekhadi ixilongo phezulu emikhonweni yakhe ngolwazi lobuntlola imisebenzi angaphandle yotshaba.

Iqela Zin'kovskaya kukholelwa ukuba kubanjwa. Zonke nabo akhululwa, kodwa yena ngokwakhe kudala imibuzo. kweenyanga ezintandathu, bayahlelwa yangaphambili Makhnovets babuphakathi kwenyama nozipho. YiSoviet Cheka, endihleli kolawulo ukuba kunjalo, isigqibo sakhe some. Ekugqibeleni ezi zivamvo likubona kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe Zadoff umsebenzi mthethweni. Yena waba amava atyebileyo ezizodwa ngokwengqondo counterintelligence. Le ngxelo track belusoloko ezazithandwa NKVD. Ukongeza, iintlawulo ze ukubandakanyeka uvukelo sele baba utshonile. Zinkovskiy, ngathi amawaka nabanye abaxhasi Makhno, ukuba baxolelwe ngowe-1922, ngokutsho isigqibo urhulumente waseSoviet.

Sotrunichestvo ne NKVD

Kukho kwinguqulo Lev Zadov wakwazi ukuthethana kunye noonogada kancinane ngokuthantamisa bakhe ngenxa wathetha malunga kanti ebuncwaneni, kukho bavukeli wangcwatywa Ukraine ngexesha leMfazwe Civil. Xa kanye ukuba Makhno ngokwakhe, elubhacweni, wazama ukuba athumele ngokwakho abantu abanyanisekileyo waseUSSR, kwaye ukubuyela ubuncwane ezixabisekileyo.

Nantoni na iindlela Zadovsky na wathola ilungelo lokufumana ithuba lesibini, yena ngobuchule wasebenzisa elo thuba wazithethelela phambi kwamandla Soviet. Indawo yomsebenzi yaba Odessa. Eli zibuko ebalulekileyo, engekude ukusuka kumda, yaba liziko yomtsalane ngenxa izama ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye abanqolobi. Nokubambisana nabasemagunyeni, Zadov wakwazi ukuba atyhile utho- amanye amaqela mthethweni mthetho.

ukudubula

Enoba olusebenzayo kunye nearhente yingenelo akurhawukanga Zadov, Isiphelo sakhe buhlungu ilindelwe. Yena bawela lokusila of repressions kuStalin ka- 30. Ke wabanjwa waza wadubula kwi zochuku ezahlukeneyo de isibindi ezinoburharha malunga yinkokeli. Umntu ngexesha utshintshe kwi oluBomvu Army kunye Makhno abavukeli wabalekela eRomania, kule mvelaphi lalingayi nje.

Zadoff wabanjwa ngo-Agasti 1937. Amangalelwe ngayo zaseMelika wakhetha eRomania. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba NKVD kwakungekho bungqina ityala lakhe. Emva koko, kule khosi baya iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ngemibuzo, kuquka sentuthumbo. Le nkqubo yaba unyaka wonke. Okokugqibela, phantsi kolu xinzelelo Zinkovskiy wavuma ekusebenzeni iinkonzo zobuntlola angaphandle. September 25, yena, efana nabanye abaninzi babulawa ngo-1938, wathi ndacela indlela ebomini kwizisele ye NKVD ngaphandle ithuba lakhe lixoxwe ngokungenasheyi okanye sesa ekugwetyelweni. Kangangexesha elide, ityala lakhe wahlala lomelele. Kwanasemva kokuba Khrushchev nobudlelwane of msulwa Zinkovsogo lingabi sakhunjulwa. Wabonakala kokufa aguquke eSoviet Union ukuya ngokutsha. Zadov bugwetyelwe kuphela ngo-1990.

image Kubala

Zinkovskiy waba omnye wabalinganiswa kwi trilogy Alekseya Tolstogo, "Indlela eKalvari". Xa utoliko umbhali, yaye kamva kukhubazeko yiSoviet yenoveli, yaba umxhomi nezikhohlakali kumabi-odolo ezininzi gazi Nestora Mahno. ababukeli abaninzi uza kumkhumbula kuphela lwemveli waba ibinzana elithi "Mna -. Leva Zadov, ukuqhula nam akuyomfuneko"

Kakade ke, inoveli Tolstoy yaba kuphela ukuzama ukuqonda biography of a anarchist eliqaqambileyo antsonkothileyo. Zinkovskaya nethamsanqa ukuba siphila kwixesha enogonyamelo. Wabeka ubomi bakhe esichengeni wanxiba ukunyaniseka kwakhe kanye njengokuba abaninzi kangaka koogxa bakhe, abaya kuwayalela ukuba asijoje le kwazo ngexesha leMfazwe Civil.

usapho

UMzalwan 'mbuso uDaniyeli ecaleni kwakhe kuyo yonke War Civil. Together babaleka ukuba eRomania, kunye ababini babuyela eSoviet Union. UDaniyeli wadutyulwa efanayo 1938, nangona uye wasebenza ukuba NKVD e Tiraspol.

Kwakunjalo Zadoff nonyana - Vadim Lvovich Zinkovsky. Nangona eselula kakhulu, nguye ekupheleni kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic njengevolontiya waya ngaphambili. Kamva waba colonel yomkhosi. Vadim Lvovich wabhala ngobomi kukayise, apho wazama zokuzigwebela anarchist ezaziwayo-kakuhle emehlweni bomhla.