Bunge uNikolay Hristianovich: ibhayografi emfutshane

UNikolai Bunge waba ngumlungiseleli zemali ngo-1881 - iminyaka 1886. Wafumana umsebenzi emva kwetrone wakhululana Alexander III. Bunge wachitha ixesha elininzi iinguqu kuthandwe, ngenxa yokuba yintoni na inkcaso endala yenze incwadi yakhe. Ixesha lubonise ukuba ikhosi ekhethwe nguMphathiswa wezeMali, kwaba yinyani.

uMphathiswa ubuntu

Future Finance UMphathiswa Bunge uNikolay Hristianovich wazalwa November 23, 1823 kwi gqirha usapho. Waphumelela Law Faculty of the University of Kiev, waza emva koko waqalisa umsebenzi wokufundisa. Emibonweni yakhe, Bunge iye benkululeko pro-Western kunye yamandulo "statist".

yeenkolelo zakhe azifani moderation abaye beza Ukugunda e kwixesha Alexander II. Amagqwetha bakholelwa ukuba urhulumente Russian ayikho kodwa ukulungele ukwamkela-siseko. Umsebenzi esizukulwaneni sakhe Bunge uNikolay Hristianovich wabona iinguqulelo ngcembe yonyuselo, isiphumo oko kukuthi kwiminyaka emininzi kamva.

Ukudlulela elikomkhulu

Malunga namashumi amathathu iminyaka unjingalwazi efundisa kwiYunivesithi Kiev. Izihlandlo ezithathu waba Ngqonyela, kwangaxeshanye othi iSebe likaRhulumente Bank. Ngowe-1880, Bunge uNikolay Hristianovich wemka ngonaphakade Kiev ne bafudukela eSt Petersburg. Kwikomkhulu, waba ngokucelwa ngurhulumente. Abasemagunyeni ukuba ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo ngembono entsha kufuneka baguqule karhulumente kucuthwe ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo. Ngelo xesha, le Abantu izothuso kunye nezinye radicals ziye lalonyukile.

I Ungacela umbalisi the State Bunge uNikolay Hristianovich? Kuba amashumi eminyaka ukuba wayelungiselela inkqubo yaso kutshintsho loqoqosho. Kwagqitywa esekelwe izityebi senkolelo podcherpnut isiseko ukusuka amava kumazwe aseNtshona.

Bunge imibono

Inkqubo Bunge bavele ixesha iinguqu ezinkulu, kodwa ekuqalekeni kobukumkani Alexander III yena waya uhlaziyo eziliqela. Emva lahluleka umthetho-Russian kwi War iCrimea yemali, njengezinye benkululeko, eziqhotyoshelwe amathemba akhe phezu kuphuhliso amanyathelo abucala, nto leyo ukwenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe. Ezi zinto ke ziye ubukhulu becala bedinga. Urhulumente, ukuba bahlawule imali enkulu imfazwe, kwakungekho nje kungekho mali ngenxa yotshintsho Russia.

Ushintsho okwadala Alexander II wabonisa into engalunganga Bunge uNikolay Hristianovich. biography emfutshane umphathiswa elizayo efanayo ngabantu abaninzi nganiso abalandeli bakhe melo. Ukukhula koqoqosho imi--60. Yayingenakuba kwenzeka ngaphandle mali ezinkulu kurhulumente. Ilizwe wavakalelwa ngathi aka- ngoosomashishini. Sele imi--70. bayavuma yaqala. State uphinde ziyasilawula ulawulo iyonke yoqoqosho. Makayeke, ukukhupha ilungelo lothutho ngololiwe nokusekwa ndanyanzeleka kwemiqobo joint-kusekwa amasiko eliphezulu. Nazo zonke ezi mpawu Ndipinde ndawabhala inkqubo yabo Bunge uNikolay Hristianovich. biography emfutshane womntu kunye ngendaleko iimbono zakhe ziqhelekile kwexesha.

Ukuqeshwa yoMphathiswa

Matshi 1, 1881 abanqolobi wambulala Alexander II, emva koko weza amandla unyana wakhe Alexander III. Lo mlawuli omtsha waqala ukujikeleza nabasebenzi karhulumente. Kwaba lelo xesha ke ngo-1881 ukuya kwisikhundla sokuba nguMphathiswa wezeMali yoBukhosi baseRashiya waqeshwa uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge. iye ivele Photo yezoqoqosho kuwo onke amaphephandaba komkhulu. Uluntu ilinde amanyathelo kuye.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu njengentloko yesebe mali, UNikolai Bunge bachitha iinguqu ezimbalwa enkulu. Urhulumente sele bazifinyeza iintlawulo ukhuselo kumafama, inkqubo yerhafu lihlengahlengiswe ngokushukumisa ukuba isiseko ingeniso entsha, owakubhangisayo okunene irhafu nokuvota. Ngowe-1882 yayisekelwe umlimi Bank. Iminyaka eliqela, siya kufumana izinto zokuqala nemithetho yabasebenzi.

kwezomnotho

UNikolay Hristianovich Bunge, umsebenzi wakhe kudla bagxeka, iye yaqaliswa iinguqu, akazange nangoko utshintsho eyakhayo kuqoqosho Russian. Uhlahlo Umphathiswa wahlala kusilela, uNondyebo akunakwenzeka ukuphuma ematyaleni njalo njalo. D. Kwaye, kunjalo, laseburhulumenteni uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge wenza lukhulu okulungileyo ilizwe lakhe. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo wakhe, Customs Service of Russia ikwazile ukukhusela abavelisi basekhaya abavela kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni ukukhula kushishino lwasekhaya. Utshintsho elubalweni ukuba wokulondoloza imali ukuze yande kwisiseko-mali enkulu. Kamva waya ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezoshishino.

UNikolay Hristianovich Bunge wazalwa kwixesha engange olunamandla, xa imali kazwelonke wawunga dityaniswanga lwezinto kwiimalike zamazwe angaphandle, njengokuba kwi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Ngoxa ngeposi imeko yezoqoqosho yoMphathiswa yahluke kuyaphi umyalelo endala. Urhulumente sele lukhulu ukuze uzinzise kunye neqondo lotshintshiselwano kunye uye umgangatho gold. Le kuhlaziyo yagqitywa ezihlangwini Bunge Sergei Witte.

nkqubo kwezolimo

Yintoni nabalimi Russian uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge? UMphathiswa wezeMali wafuna ukuphuhlisa kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kule lali, nto leyo kwafuneka ukuba zabucala Sasungulwa zobunikazi. Bunge wayekholelwa ukuba ungenelelo urhulumente kufuneka ibe ncinci kwisitulo ukukhusela izilangazelelo abakumgangatho ophantsi, xa abaninzi kuqhubeka bephila imeko zabachasene ngokunxulumene abanini ezinkulu esisityebi. Economist wayeza "narodolyubtsem" hayi nje kuphela ngenxa iimbono zakhe silinene, kodwa nangenxa ebambekayo yabo yemihla ngemihla. inkqubo uMphathiswa elula - ukunceda nabalimi kuyo, amandla, wanceda aphakamise lizwe.

Yintoni kanye kanye le imilinganiso ezibanjiswe umbuzo agrarian uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Amafoto iilali ngaphandle izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo umlungiseleli mihla kwanyanzeleka ukuba wenze iinguqulelo ezinkulu. Wandihlangula uluntu lwasemaphandleni iirhafu ezingeyomfuneko, kubandakanywa irhafu ityuwa. Nabalimi bayahlupheka ukusuka ukunqongophala komhlaba kunye wengxinano amaphondo central. Ukusombulula le program ngxaki nokuhlaliswa awabingelela ngayo belali ecaleni kwedolophu kumazwe ezingenabantu, imeko leyo ilungele ukulima umhlaba kunye izilimo.

nemithetho yabasebenzi

ubudlelwane Complex phakathi karhulumente abazange amafama kuphela, kodwa kwakhona kunye nabasebenzi. Emva ukupheliswa serfdom esixekweni uthululele njengesihlambo ezinamandla bazakhe, elube lufuna ubomi obungcono kwi mveliso kunye namanye amashishini. Ngokwahlukileyo koko eRashiya ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iye yasilela ekubeni umthetho mveliso ngendlela.

Ngowe-1884, oko kulinyathelo umsebenzi Bunge bukaThixo umlomo abasakhulayo kumashishini amakhulu. Urhulumente ubekele umqobo osezantsi - engama-12. Ulutsha phantsi 15 ayikwazi ukusebenza iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-8 ngosuku. Ngowe-1885, ukuvalwa umsebenzi ebusuku kwabasetyhini wayekhona. Abasemagunyeni ukuba basebenzise imigaqo ngokubanzi eyayilawula ubudlelwane lomqeshi kunye sabasebenzi. Le migangatho athintele kakhulu nalwazelelelo kunye yeetawuli nabenzi. Ngelo xesha nye yaqinisa ingcinezelo ngokuchaseneyo nabasebenzi inxaxheba neyabangela uqhankqalazo. Ukwenziwa ilungelo ukujonga nokuhlola ezizodwa zikarhulumente.

Ukuba imizi noololiwe

UMphathiswa wezeMali uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge, umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe kungqamane ukuvela bakwaloliwe eRashiya, siyayiqonda ncam ukubaluleka kwabo ubomi kweli lizwe. Ngexesha kobunkokheli bakhe kuqoqosho emphaya yaqalisa phantsi kwesizwe epheleleyo kwezoqoqosho. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX njengoko iziporo "ogosudarstvlivalis" eBelgium, Austria-Hungary, France, eHolland njalo njalo. D. Ngalo guqula, Bunge akwazi ingqalelo kumava efanayo yasentshona.

Le umlo ochasene nodla bodwa

Le kukarhululumente kwaba yimfuneko ukuba kuliwe lodwa, ukusetyenziswa yokuphanga oku kuthetha zonxibelelwano. Society ngamxhelo yafuna abasemagunyeni ukuphelisa ukuphazamiseka kololiwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho uthumo inter-zolungiselelo yasekwa. Ministry of amagosa Finance siyidlalile indima ebalulekileyo kuyo. Bunge ngokwakhe kuthelekiswa transfer ucaphula kakhulu yentsimbi kwendlela karhulumente. UMphathiswa wabhala rhoqo iimemoranda, eyayichaza imbono yakhe ngxaki. Ezi projekthi waya phezulu babegqalwa nguzwilakhe.

Emva kokuwa kwenkqubo ndiyanicebisa, urhulumente wabuyela inkqubo yokwakha iziporo kuphela ngeendleko zikarhulumente. Ngokuphathelele sele yaziswa ngeendlela zokusebenza Bunge uthethe esidlangalaleni izihlandlo eziliqela malunga nethoni efanayo. iingxoxo zabo, waza waphinda nje kokuba umhlala-phantsi. Umfundisi ukholelwa ukuba iRussia akakwazi awususe bakwaloliwe isantya ngenkani, njengoko kwenziwe, umzekelo, eJamani, ngenxa yokuba akukho bafundi ngokwaneleyo kwinkonzo karhulumente kwakukho.

Neziphumo zemisebenzi

Ukuhlola iziphumo kaNondyebo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba laseburhulumenteni Russian uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge bejamelene imiqobo emininzi endleleni yayo. Wazalwa ilifa esindayo imfazwe kunye Ottoman, ingxaki mveliso, ukusilela kwezityalo, yokunqaphela kwezolimo, ukunyuka kwizithuthi kunye nomkhosi imali.

inkcaso Conservative njalo ukutyiwa ababekolo balungiselele, enethemba ukwenza kwizibhambathiso ezithile kunye nenxalenye melo yoluntu. Iingxabano kwaqhubeka kulo lonke Bunge ukuhlala intloko sihlalo yesebe mali.

Oshiyayo kunye nomsebenzi elizayo

UMphathiswa abamelene wenza ngokuyeka kwakhe-1886. Ke umlawuli wayesazi ukuba ngubani uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge, kwaye emthanda ubulunga bayo. Ngoko ke, i yezoqoqosho akukhona kuphela isibabalo, kodwa wahlala kwiBhunga State. Ukuba intloko iKomiti yabaPhathiswa, waqhubeka ukuphembelela ikhondo yezopolitiko nabasemagunyeni, nangona ngendlela eyahlukileyo umthamo.

Ebesifuna uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Facts zamagosa Life bathi wazama ukuyeka inkxaso yokwenziwa loluntu lwasemaphandleni, ngaphandle ligwebe iifama zabantu nganye. The Economist wayengumxhasi kunikwe kuloo dolophana ukuya ngasempuma. A wave entsha of mass umlimi amazwe eSiberia zenzeka emva kokufa uNikolay Hristianovich Bunge. Umzobo zomntu kanye ekwakusenziwa umntu - libali komanduleli a Stolypin umsebenzi wakhe, waqalisa ukuphumeza yokuvuselelwa kwemihlaba. UNikolai Bunge wafa ngoJuni 15, 1895 e-Tsarskoye Selo.