Iimarike zezimali. nxaxheba market Financial Russia

Iimarike zezimali - amaziko abonelela nokungena kwezimali phakathi kwamaqela: urhulumente, iinkampani kunye nabatyali zimali. Injongo enye - ukubonelela inkxaso-mali iingxaki kwicandelo lenene, enye - ukwanda eyinkunzi. Iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga na kwiimalike zemali, nxaxheba kwiimalike zemali, ufunde.

ngezigaba

zingahlukaniswa ngokwengqibo kwiimarike:

• exchange angaphandle;
• imali;
• ityala;
• gama;
• emveliso;
• stock.

kwicandelo logcino

Isiseko lwale nkqubo imarike imali lutyalo-mali lwexeshana. Ukwenza imicimbi, nxaxheba banikana izixhobo zemali ulwelo. izalathi Basic emarike oluvavanya inqanaba lomngcipheko. Esi sigaba luxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-nkqubo wemali ka iibhanki zeli zinkqenkqeza phambili ye-US Federal Reserve. Ukuba imeko lemakethi sibi, amaziko credit cinga imingcipheko njengoko ngamazinga aphezulu yaye ziyanda mboleko sivunyiwe.

iibhanki Central njengoko nxaxheba kwiimalike zemali ezingundoqo, banelungelo bodwa ukukhupha yamaphepha, bangaqokelela oovimba, ukongamela inkqubo iphela.

amaziko ezizodwa credit bakhonza abaxhasi ukuzalisekisa ushishino okanye iindwendwe imisebenzi ethile.

iibhanki jikelele njengoko nxaxheba kwiimalike zemali ehlabathini jikelele zokunika uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo: CSC umdla iidiphozithi, urhwebo kunye ezingoovimba i-Central Bank, imali.

Amanye amaziko zemali-mboleko (elinguvimba, imali yomhlalaphantsi, iinkampani ze-inshorensi) ngokuqokelela imali yoluntu, ngokubonelela mboleko mboleko, yisa transactions izabelo kunye izitropu.

market capital

Apha baphathwe izixhobo ixesha elide. Benkampani umba imixokelelwane kwiimalike zemali. nxaxheba Financial market ukunika Luqikelelo ukuthembeka mboleki, apho kubonakaliswa yi-Central Bank of inzuzo. Imali waphakamisa enokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ukuxhasa iinkqubo zotyalo-mali. Ukuba uphakamile ubungozi, kungona iindleko ukuboleka. iibhanki Central nga ukuvuselela uqoqosho ngokwehlisa izivuno bond. Oko kukuthi, iimeko umboleki zinokutshintsha kuba bhetele emva kokuba utyalo-mali. A capital equlunqiweyo zithatyathwa njengeyona iphambili kwezoqoqosho okuqhubekayo.

indawo ekuthengwa kuthengiswe kuyo izabelo zamashishini

umsebenzi wayo ophambili - ukutsala imali kwishishini. Wemisebenzi wabeka izabelo ngokuthengisa yinxalenye kwakubo kubatyali-mali. Central Bank betha iimalike zemali. nxaxheba market Financial, nokuphonononga amathemba yophuhliso lombutho, enze isigqibo ukuba athenge okanye athengise izabelo.

forex

Ukusebenzisana yeemarike zezimali ezintathu lwenziwa ngokwesiseko olo tshintshano. Okunye nxaxheba kufuneka uthenge imali kwilizwe asethi zemali apho uceba ukutyala. Ukuba umtyali-mali efuna ukuba utyalomali kwiibhondi of New Zealand, kufuneka kuqala probresti New Zealand dollar.

market umhlaba

Kukho zemali mali ekhoyo phakathi kwamazwe kwenziwa. Kwimarike lokuqala kukho nokunikezelwa eyinkunzi phakathi abatyali-mali kunye kubaboleki, phezu zamabanga - ukutshintsha zabamnini.

Imarike ihlabathi yahlulahlulwe ngamazwe nezesizwe. Phantsi kwendlela lokuqala:

• isethi yemisebenzi ohlala lwemali kazwelonke;
• yokuboleka, ezenza nxaxheba kwiimalike zemali, xa kukho imali yelinye ilizwe.

Yonke imisebenzi yenziwa kunye inxaxheba ibhanki ongumhlali. Phantsi fin.rynkom ngamazwe ithetha imicimbi yamanye amazwe, izinto ezo phantsi kumgaqo ngqo ngurhulumente. Xa zebhanki kwicandelo utyando kuqhubeka phakathi kwamaziko ngetyala ukunika mboleko kwixesha elifutshane. nxaxheba Financial emakethe bafumane mboleko kunye norhwebo ye-Central Bank. Yemalimboleko ziyafumaneka njengoko elifutshane elide (ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3) kunye ithuba elide, kwi phenyane umyinge wenzala. Oku kuquka iindleko lokukhulisa imali umboleki ezithile imida.

Abathathi zemalike zezimali jikelele

Kwicala sonikezelo kunye nemfuno kukho amatyala, abatyali, urhulumente kunye abalamleli. Abemi yenza ingeniso yabo imali, otyala imali kwiimarike zemali. nxaxheba market Financial phambi yindlela efanelekileyo inokuba ngumthombo lokukhula karhulumente. Ihlaba izibambiso amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Zonke ezi zifundo ngenxa yomthetho zahlulwe nxaxheba ngamnye kunye nezoshishino. Enterprises abakwazi nje ukuvumela Central Bank, kodwa ukuze utyalo-mali lwabo okwethutyana free.

Urhulumente idla ngokuba mboleki, apho ityala umba ukuxhasa intsilelo mali. Kwakhona kulawula imisebenzi. Ngoncedo kwemithetho nemimiselo, ichaphazela indlela aziphatha ngayo nxaxheba kwaye nophuhliso emarikeni. Ukuba kukho intshiyekela kwemali, uRhulumente abe ngumtyali, oko kukuthi, ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali kumaqumrhu ezithile ishishini.

nxaxheba zezimali yeemalike kwakhona abalamleli apho ulondolozo zabemi ijikwe mboleko, nto leyo eyenza amashishini ukuba banelise isidingo mali.

wabathengi

Ezi nxaxheba kwiimalike zemali jikelele bayabandakanyeka ukuncedisa ekuphumezeni intengiselwano njenge-arhente okanye iarhente ikhomishini, okt ukwenza intengiselwano egameni labo okanye egameni client, kodwa ngeendleko zakhe. Zisebenza zombini nemibutho phezu kwimarike counter le. labarhwebi ingeniso - olu thumo imirhumo kwintengiselwano saphetha. Umntu utyikitya isivumelwano iqela leengcali, ecacisa zonke iintlobo kwee-odolo. Ngokusekelwe kolu xwebhu, umthengiseli owenza imisebenzi kwimarike, ngokukhetha i-Bank of yabo. Nangaliphi na ixesha umxhasi angamisa kwimisebenzi umlamleli. Yonke imicimbi umthengiseli kufuneka azise umxhasi kwaye uluhlu ngayo ingeniso evela kwintengiso izibambiso kwikota kukhankanyiweyo kolu xwebhu. Yonke imicimbi engekenziwa zixhomekeke kubhaliso enyanzelekileyo.

abathengisi

Ezi nxaxheba kwimarike inxaxheba transactions kwizixhobo zemali kubungozi zabo ngenjongo abangenakubanyusa. Abathengisi obala ixabiso imisebenzi, avume ukwenza itransekshini reverse imiqathango ethile. ingeniso yabo mayivele umahluko phakathi ukuthenga nokuthengisa amaxabiso. Ngoko ke, abarhwebi kufuneka esweni imeko emarikeni. Ilayisensi ungafumana kuphela amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Kulo mzekelo, omnye kwaye umbutho efanayo inokuba kumthengisi, broker, sobunyani, umtyali-mali lwamaziko. Eli qela lidla ngokuquka:

• iibhanki zorhwebo;
• kwinkampani yabatyalimaliny;
• laziseko;
• underwriters;
• Iinkampani ze-inshorensi;
• PF kunye namanye amaziko ngetyala zemali.

Abathengisi yenze le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• kunikwe ingcaciso nge-Central Bank of mba;
• ukuzalisekisa oda umthengi;
• esweni imeko imarike izibambiso;
• ukunciphisa abathengi nabathengisi.

abagcini

Elinguvimba - nxaxheba kwiimalike zemali Central Bank ezinikezela ngeenkonzo kugcino, ubhaliso amalungelo empahla kunye nentshukumo-zabelo Central Bank. Isivumelwano kunye nxaxheba umsebenzi kuya kuba le miqathango ilandelayo:

• isifundo intengiselwano - ubonelelo ngeenkonzo kugcino ye-Central Bank okanye ukuqondwa kwamalungelo;
• inkqubo yokudlulisela ulwazi malunga nokulahlwa izatifikethi;
• umhla wokuphelelwa;
• umyalelo yentlawulo ngeenkonzo elinguvimba;
• periodicity ingxelo;
• imisebenzi ye depositary.

Onke amangenelo abhalwe kwi-akhawunti "elugcinweni" ye client.

Ababhalisi abanikazi ahleliweyo ababhalisele Central Bank. Zobhaliso, inkcazelo yokugcina, utshintsho lobhaliso ziya kuhlawuliswa. Ilayisensi abayenza ngayo loo misebenzi ungafumana kuphela amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Le lobhaliso luluhlu ye-Central Bank of abanini, nto leyo ibonisa inani, ixabiso par, iindidi zamaxwebhu ebe zizezakho-zabelo ngomhla omiselweyo. Le mvumelwano ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ngentlawulo i umbhalisi enye. Kodwa elinye ilungu sokuqeqeshelwa kukhokela udweliso inani eliqingqiweyo benkampani. Abanini kunye abanini ye-Central Bank kufuneka zinike ulwazi ngexesha kwinkqubo yobhaliso. Ukuba inani zabelo kune 500, ukuhlela umnini kufuneka inkampani enkulu ezikhethekileyo. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-nxaxheba - kukunikezelwa kwangethuba kudweliswe nokugcina ii-akhawunti zakho ze abanikazi bamalungelo.

kwasuswa imibutho

Ezi nxaxheba kwimarike zemali Russian ukuqokelela, qinisekisa ulwazi oluchanekileyo kwi-akhawunti Central Bank, ukuqhuba imicimbi phakathi kwamaqumrhu. Ngengqiqo Clearinghouse kakhulu jikelele - i-arhente ezizodwa ezifana ebhankini, nto leyo uphumeza imali zokuhlala phakathi bidders. Ukunciphisa umngcipheko engagqibekanga zoshishino msulwa iinkampani zenza imali yolondolozo. Zidalwa njengenkampani. Kwi umsebenzi kufuneka ufumane ilayisensi ye-Central Bank. Ingeniso evela kule mibutho:

• intlawulo yobhaliso imisebenzi;
• Ingeniso evela kula kwiintengiso;
• ingeniso ekusebenziseni izixhobo ezikhoyo;
• iinzuzo evela kwintengiso software yayo;
• enye imali.

ezinye izifundo

La malungu alandelayo SM asebenza imisebenzi abancedisayo.

1. Self-ezilawulayo Imibutho - umbutho ngokuzithandela nxaxheba istock market ukuze sikhusele neemfuno zabanini izibambiso.

2. Control - lowo uthatha inxaxheba yemarike zezimali, noqhuba egameni kwabo Central Bank, imali holder (ukuba umrhumo ixesha elithile).

3. Amaziko Information - amaziko enika abaxhasi ngeenkonzo ukwenzela le processing kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi olukhoyo kwizifundo izibambiso kwimarike, amazinga exchange ngoku, izalathisi ukuqulunqa neesaveyi eziqhubekayo.

4. Abaququzeleli be-trade - nxaxheba ngobuchule kwimarike zemali, esingethe umbandela Central Bank. Zinika ulwazi zilandelayo naliphi iqela elinomdla:

• Imithetho yokwamkelwa norhwebo;
• Imigaqo nemiqathango;
• imithetho kunye neenkqubo zobhaliso, ekwenzeni intengiselwano;
• izithintelo kumaxabiso;
• Inkqubo yokwenza utshintsho kuhlu;
• uluhlu Central Bank wavuma norhwebo.

5. jobbers - abacebisi kwimiba RZB iimeko. Umda kunye nolwakhiwo imarike esoloko ukwandisa, imisebenzi ziye zingabi lula. Le zobunikazi inani elikhulu benkampani ezahlukeneyo CB. Jobbers kuphela ukuvavanya umgangatho kwizabelo sele ezikhutshiweyo, kodwa ukunceda benkampani ukufaka izatifikethi ezintsha. Baye bacebise on obuqhajelweyo rate kwiintengiso, amisele amathuba nophuhliso kumacandelo ezoqoqosho, ukuhlalutya umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu.