Ikhadi elomculo ngekhompyutha: indlela yokukhetha. Iingcebiso eziNcedo

Ukuze ujabulele yonke inzuzo yevidiyo ephakamileyo ephezulu kunye nemidlalo yamaninzi yekhompyutheni, udinga zombini iprogram yomsebenzi ophezulu kunye ne-adapter enefuthe. Nangona kunjalo, abaqhelekileyo abasebenzisi bayakhohlwa ukuba ukugqiba ngokupheleleyo emoyeni, kufuneke ukuba umsindo ophezulu uphendule. Kule meko, i-codecs, abaqhubi kunye nekhadi elizandileyo elinokuthi lingayi kunceda kakhulu kwimeko enjalo. Ufuna isixhobo esinzulu. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza indlela yokukhetha ikhadi elifanelekileyo. Iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokukhetha kwakhona aziyi kushiywa ngaphandle kokunakwa.

Chips Embeds

Izixhobo ezivakalayo ezithengiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwibhodi lekhadi lomsebenzi abakwazi ukukhuphisana nehardware edibeneyo. Okokuqala, i-codec efakwe kwibhodi ye-motherboard, ngexesha lomsebenzi wayo isebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zeprosesor, ezinciphisa ukusebenza ngokubanzi ngamaphesenti ambalwa.

Kwenzeka ukuba ikhadi elungileyo elakhelweyo lisondele kufuphi nemigca yamandla ephezulu. Intsimi ye-electromagnetic eyenziwe ngabo ibangela ukunyuka kokuphazamiseka nokuphazamiseka. Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezizakhelwe kuzo kulula ukuya phezulu.

Unokukhetha njani ikhadi elifanelekileyo lekhompyutha yakho?

Kukho ezininzi izinto eziphathekayo ezivelisiweyo, zonke ezo zizahlula zibe zimbini iintlobo: amakhadi omculo kunye ne-multimedia.

Iqela lokuqala lisetyenziselwa ukurekhoda, ukudlala nokucwangciswa kolwazi olulalelwayo. Oku kubangela ukuba bacacise, kwaye izixhobo ezinjalo zibhekiswe ikakhulu kubaculi. Ziyakwazi ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwunithi yenkqubo okanye zixhunyiwe kwisixhumi se-USB. Ixabiso lolu hlobo lwezixhobo liphezulu.

Amakhadi omsindo e-multimedia afanelekileyo uluhlu olubanzi lwabasebenzisi. Zikulungele zombini iinkqubo ze-stereo kunye nama-acoustics ngeendlela ezisihlanu kunye ezisixhenxe. I-Codec sele isingeniswe kwikhadi lomsindo kwaye ayifuni ukucwangciswa okongeziweyo; Ukongeza, ukongeza kwi-codecs, ifowuni ineprojector yayo, enefuthe elihle ekusebenzeni kwikhompyutha.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ukuze ukhethe ikhadi elivakalayo kwikompyutha, kuyimfuneko ukuziqonda ngeempawu eziphambili zesixhobo. Okokuqala, i-DAC (idijithali-to-analog converter) ifakwe kwibhodi. Umsebenzi walo oyintloko kukuba usebenze isignali yedijithali kwaye wenze i-analog efanayo. Le fowuni ingundoqo yengqondo yekhadi elilalelwayo.

Iimpawu zeDAC

Indlela yokukhetha ikhadi elizenzekelayo kwikompyutha, yiziphi iimpawu ezifunekayo i-DAC? Phantse rhoqo i-DAC epheleleyo, ubunzulu buncinane buyi-16 bits, kwaye isampuli yesampuli esiphezulu yi-48 kHz. Idijithi yokugqibela ibonisa ukuba ngaba umguquleli ufunda kangakanani umqondiso ngexesha lokurekhoda okanye ukudlala.

Kukholelwa ukuba eli pharamitha kufuneka liphindwe kabini ubukhulu bezandi eziza kubalwa kwakhona. Ngokwale ngqungquthela, kunokutsho ukuba phantse nayiphi na irekhodi, 44.1 kHz yanele; Eli nqanaba lidlula umnqamlezo wee-frequencies ezivakalayo ngumntu, kabini. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba umgaqo awukho ngaso sonke isikhathi owenziwe njengoko kubhaliwe ephepheni, oko kuthetha ukuba kunengqiqo ukukhetha isistim ngezinga eliphezulu lokusampula ukuchaneka okukhulu kwesandi.

Iindlela zokuthengisa

Ndimele ndithi amanani abhaliweyo kwiincwadana zentengiso ayisoloko eqinisile, zidla ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ikhadi elinesampampasho eselungisiweyo le-98 kHz linokuzwakala lubi ngakumbi kunecebo elinamaxabiso amaninzi. "Ungakhetha njani ikhadi elifanelekileyo, ukuba awukwazi ukukholelwa iimpawu?" Umsebenzisi uya kubuza. Xa ufunda isicatshulwa, qwa lasela inkampani eyenza i-DAC. Eyona nto ingcono kakhulu yiTi-Burr Brown, iWolfson, iTexas Instruments.

Ukongeza kumvelisi, kuyafaneleka ukuba ukwazi inombolo ye-serial ye-DAC. Ukhomba "ukuqhubela phambili" komzekelo. Oko kukuthi, enkulu inani, ukuhlaziywa kwamhlanje. Ungaqwalasela igama lekhowudi ye-chip kuphela kwiwebhsayithi yomenzi.

Ukuba abaninzi abaguquleli be-digital-to-analog bafakwe kwibhodi ye-audio, kuyinqweneleka ukuba bonke bafana. Ngokuqhelekileyo kumashishini ophakathi, i-DAC esemgangathweni isetyenzisiweyo, kwaye kwabanye ingabizi. Oku kunciphisa kuphela intengo yesiphelo sokugqibela, kodwa kunye nomgangatho wezandi ezininzi zesandi.

EAX

Ngaphambi kokukhetha ikhadi elifanelekileyo lekhompyutha, cela ukuba i-EAX isekela i-hardware. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba uchaza ukuba yiphi inguqulo esetyenziswayo. Okwangoku, omdala ngu-5.0.

Ngendlela elula, i-EAX yi-teknoloji yokubeka indawo. Isalathiso esiseduze ku-DirectSound3D. Ilawula ukulungelelanisa umthombo womsindo kwisithuba esithathu. Kwiimidlalo zekhompyutheni, le nkqubo isetyenziswe kaninzi, ngoncedo lwayo, iziphumo zongezwa kumdlalo, ukudala ukukholelwa kokudeka komthombo wesandi kunye nendawo yayo ngokumalunga nomphulaphuli (ngakwesobunxele, kunene, ngasemva).

Kuye kwathethwa kakade, kufuneka sidibanise ukuba i-EAX ikhupha iimbonakalo kunye nokubuyiselwa. Oku kunika umsebenzisi ingqiqo yeerameters of world game. Kwilizwe elivulekileyo, igumbi elincinci kunye nesakhiwo esingenalutho sakhiwo-sakhiwo, umgca werekhodi enye yomsindo iyahluka.

ASIO

I-ASIO iyiprotocol esetyenziselwa ukudlulisela ulwazi lwengxolo ngokulibaziseka okufutshane. Ukurekhoda kwizicelo ezizodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba i-ASIO ayixhasi ikhadi elivakalayo kwikompyutha. Ungakhetha njani ukhetho olungcono?

Kubaculi, ukufumaneka kwezi teknoloji kuyimfuneko. Ukuba ikhompyutha ingasetyenziswanga njenge-studio yokurekhoda, kodwa njenge-multimedia idibanisa, i-ASIO ingaqwalaselwa njengento ekhethekileyo.

Idilesi yeMidi

Ukuba umsebenzisi uya kubhala amalungiselelo, ngoko ke kufuneka yintoni ikhadi elichanekileyo kwikhomputha, indlela yokukhetha idivayisi efanelekileyo? Impawu ebalulekileyo yeebhodi zomsindo kukukho kweziphumo ze-midi kunye neziphumo. Ngosizo lwabo unako ukudibanisa ama-synthesizers kunye neefowuni zomculo.

Ngoncedo lwaloo mbonakalo, uphawu lwe-analog aluxhaswanga kwisixhobo somsindo, kodwa ulwazi malunga naluphi na ukhiye olucatshulwayo, ekugqibeleni linciphisa, ngoluphi uhlobo kunye nokukhawulezisa umsebenzisi elinyanzelayo. Yonke idatha idluliselwa kwiprogram, kwaye inkqubo sele idlala isandi. Kwaye iimeko ezi zininzi kakhulu. Ungasebenzisa ezo zilandelelanisa izixhobo zangempela (umzekelo, iipiyano, igarita, iidubhu), kwaye unokwenza uyingqayizivele kwaye akukho nto efana ne-preset.

Amandla e Phantom

Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe- microphone ye-condenser yokurekhoda kwezwi kuthethwa , kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho zonke iikarityi zomsindo zekhompyutheni ezingasebenzisana nezixhobo ezinjalo. Unokukhetha njani isixhobo esifanelekileyo? Kulula - buza malunga nobukho bamandla obukhulu kwibhodi yomsindo. Khumbula ukuba ii-microphone ezinamandla zifuna ukungabikho kwalesi sigaba! Amandla e-Phantom angakhubaza.

Izixhobo zomculo kunye nemigca

Ukuba uza kufaka ikhadi elilalelwayo kwikhompyutheni yakho ukurekhoda igarita kagesi, kufuneka ibe negalelo elongezelelweyo (elinye igama liyimpedance ephezulu).

Inqanaba lokumelana nalo liphezulu kakhulu (malunga ne-1 megaohm), eyenza sikwazi ukuhambisa isalathisi kwisixhobo ukuya kwikhomputha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa. Ukuba udibanisa igitala kwimpembelelo eqhelekileyo, inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-overtones kunye neefom ephantsi ziya kulahleka, oko kuya kwenza isandi sisisithulu. Kule meko, isandi esihle asiyi kubhalwa, kodwa isandi esisizithulu kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamaxesha aphantsi. I-jack enkulu ye-microphone isetyenziswa rhoqo njengekhonkco.

Umgca weNqakrazo kufuneka udibanise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-stereo (umdlali, umdlali werekhodi ye-vinyl) kwibhodi yomsindo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iteksi nganye isebenzisa isixhumo sayo. Awukwazi ukudibanisa igitare okanye imakrofoni kuyo, umthamo wokurekhoda kweli cala uya kuthula.

I-preamplifier eyakhelwe ngaphakathi

I-preamplifier enye enye imodyuli ekwazi ukuxhotyiswa ngekhadi elivakalayo kwikompyutha. Indlela yokukhetha umntu ofanelekileyo kwaye ngubani ongcono - okanye ngaphandle kwayo?

Okokuqala kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni i-preamplifier. Ubukhulu bomqondiso obuya kwimakrofoni ukuya kwigalelo luphantsi kakhulu. Ukurekhoda, kufuneka uyikhulise, uze uzinze umthamo. Ngulo msebenzi onikwe i-preamplifier. Akunabo bonke amakhadi alalelwayo anesitokisini. Nangona ifowuni inegalelo kwimakrofoni, i-preamplifier ingase ibekho. Emva koko umsebenzi wakhe usebenza kwisofthiwe. Nangona kunjalo, kulo mzekelo ubukhulu bezinto ezingabalulekanga nje kuphela kodwa kunye nengxolo kunye nokwanda kwephepha.

Sikhetha ikhadi elizenzekelayo kwi-PC: ngaba ummiselo we-preamplifier?

Kwiimvumi okanye izithethi, ubukho be-preamplifier buya kuba ibhonasi enhle. Kodwa kule meko kwakubakho i-fly in the ointment. Umgangatho wabakhulisi abakhelwe ngaphakathi uhlala uthobekile, intlawulo ngenxa yale nxalenye eyakhelwe inyuke kakhulu. Ndimele ndithi unokuhlala usongeza idilesi eyongezelelweyo yalolu hlobo, ngoko akudingeki ukuba ubhale phantsi kwoluhlu.

Isiphelo

Ekubeni ungekhe ukhetha ikhadi elizodwa ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha, kuya kufuneka uziqhelise kunye nenani elikhulu lezipesheli ezivela kwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo zeekhompyutha. Ewe, ukuba awufuni ukufunda iinqununu, ungahamba ngenye indlela - ngokuthelekisa. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uphulaphule i-audio efanayo kumadivayisi ahlukeneyo. Kule meko, into evakalayo iyamkeleka ngokufanelekileyo.

Khumbula ukuba ikhadi elilalelwayo liyingxenye yenkqubo yokudlala yokulalelwayo. Kwakhona kufuneka i-amplifier ephakamileyo kunye nezivakalisi ezivakalayo. Ngaphandle kwabo, zonke iinzame ezijoliswe ekukhethweni kwezixhobo ziya kuba zilize.