Great Britain: iifoto, imbali, indwe, iiholide, isixeko kunye ilizwe, nabantu abakhulu, idabi mkhulu kwimbali eBritani

Great Britain - inguqulelo Russian igama le-United Kingdom. Ilizwe umi kwiziqithi ezimbini, nangona wabelana yesibini Ireland. Ezi ziqithi ibekwe ukuya emntla-ntshona nezwekazi yaseYurophu.

njengorhulumente wale mihla

Great Britain, iifoto ezo thaca kweli nqaku, yenye lithi ezinkulu eYurophu. Kuye kwisihlalo esisigxina kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN ubhekisela imibuso.

Eliquka isimo mihla emazweni ezine, nangona kukho isixhobo qela liphikisayo. Capital - isixeko London, nto leyo kwelinye lamaziko ezinkulu zorhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nezemali. Zinakanwa igosa ulwimi IsiNgesi, kodwa abantu ethetha abaninzi.

indaba

Umiwe ngabantu zohlobo mihla siqithi yaqala 30 engamawaka eyadlulayo. It Wayibamba ngamaza. Bahlala ikakhulu neyabo kwaye Gaels, owafuza inkcubeko Celtic.

Ukususela BC ngenkulungwane yokuqala ERoma waqalisa ukoyisa belizwe, owayelawula emazantsi esi siqithi malunga 400 neminyaka. Ngelo xesha linye ukuhlaselwa kwabemi German Saxon. Kuyinto nokwenziwa lwabo chu Celtic nokumiselwa koBukumkani of England. Inxalenye amaBritane bahlala yintoni na ngoku Wales. Gaels wadala ne ubukumkani Picts Scottish.

Ngo1066 waqala Norman ukuhlaselwa eNgilani. Kwaba feudalism French kunye nenkcubeko. Nangona ekuhambeni kwexesha abantu Norman-French ihlanganiswe kunye bendawo. ENgilani bambamba Wales kunye Scotland iye izame ukuba zifake. England athelela umlo ilifa kumazwe ezibalulekileyo waseFransi. It wabangela War kwekhulu '.

KuMbindi Ages Wales ujoyine ngokupheleleyo laseNgilani Ireland wayekunye naye ubuhlobo. Xa ubukumkani ukwanda ngezimvo yoHlaziyo, kangangokuba iCawa yaseNgilani umlawuli entlokweni kwasekwa.

Xa uYakobi Union lokuQala kwabunjwa phakathi eNgilani, eSkotlani, Ireland. Amazwe ukugcina nakwi yezopolitiko. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba olunye uphuhliso Revolution ezizukileyo (1688), kunye Great Britain waba neNgonyama siseko.

Ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwi imeko revolution mveliso, nto leyo yaba nempembelelo entle ekukhuleni bukhosi. Ubunzima yophuhliso amathanga, ubukhulu becala eMntla Melika, yaye kamva Asia, eAfrika kunye Pacific Islands.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 uBukumkani amandla aphambili ezoqoqosho kunye yomkhosi wamanzi ehlabathini. Oku kwaqhubeka de kwinkulungwane yama-20.

In leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, uBukumkani njengehlakani Russia, France. On the Western Front walwa abahlaseli German malunga nezigidi ezi-5 abemi siqithi. Emva kokuba uloyiso emfazweni oMbuso zangaphambili amathanga isiJamani kunye Ottoman. Oku ukuba lo mbuso ikhule ngokupheleleyo mkhulu. Wamgquma amandla bakhe isahlulo sesihlanu kulo ilizwe. Kodwa ngo-1921 isiqithi Ireland Kwandile yahlulwe kubini - Free Ireland nakuMntla Ireland.

Kuba nezinto ezininzi yabangela eninzi ka- 1929-1932 ngayo. Oku kwalandelwa yeMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi. Kingdom wenza njengehlakani eFransi, iRashiya, i-United States. Ekulweni Germany ijolise imfazwe ezimbini - zaseBritani, Atlantic. Uloyiso wazisa UK inxaxheba kwicandelo yehlabathi kwemfazwe, kwakunye nemeko enzima zemali. Kumnceda ukuba US kunye mboleko waseKhanada. Waza waqala ukubuyiselwa kunye nophuhliso ngakumbi karhulumente.

Imbali weflegi

Ngaphambi kokuba ngokufanayo namhlanje, iflegi Great Britain lifikile indlela elide yotshintsho. Olu phawu kwamandla karhulumente eyaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, oko isetyenziswa impahla kuyilo, ukwakha kunye nobugcisa. Ngokusemthethweni, oko kudla ngokuba "Yunion Dzhek", gama elo elithetha "womanyano."

Le nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba ubone yonke indlela eya inguqu ukususela 1603, xa uYakobi weza amandla kuqala. Ekuqaleni, oko kusetyenziswa Navy, ngoko ke igama "Jack", nto leyo yathetha iflegi isaphetha enqanaweni.

Iflegi sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• ESt Andrew kaThixo iflegi - imvelaphi aluhlaza, saltire emhlophe;
• Flag of St George - imvelaphi emhlophe, umnqamlezo obomvu;
• Cross of St. Patrick - imvelaphi ezimhlophe, saltire ebomvu.

I "Yunion Dzhek" ayibonisi olube of Wales, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kumaxesha ngamaxesha kukho iimpikiswano phakathi Union yoBukumkani.

Ukuba iminqamlezo akazange ahlale indawo lubalaseleyo kwiqela lenjongo, ukuba wasuswa embindini kuwo onke amacala. Oku wenza i "Yunion Dzhek" yezi zinto. Ukubeka asisibeke kungekho sizathu kucingwa ukuba anyeliswe. into enjalo ukhetho evumelekileyo uphawu lokubandezeleka.

Battle kweli lizwe

Imbali karhulumente kummandla walo amadabi kangako. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezinye iziqithi ezikude ilizwekazi laseYurophu.

Battle omkhulu eBritani:

• uloyiso uWilliam koloyiso (eNormandy) ka Harold (Anglo-Saxon umkhosi) of Hastings 14/10/1066 isixeko wavula indlela eya Norman Uloyiso;
• Battle of Bosworth ngo-1485 kufuphi phakathi kwemikhosi Genriha Tyudora noRichard III (War of the Zase-1455 ka-1485 ezinxulumene ilungelo yolandelelwano);
• ekulweni Spanish "Homepage" kwi IsiNgesi Channel (Julayi 1588) yaphela ngenxa yokuba isakhono ka Francis Drake kaThixo uloyiso eNgilani, nto leyo eyaba wayengumnikazi yolwandle;
• Battle of Marston Moore ehlotyeni ka-1644, xa imikhosi ka-Oliver Cromwell oyisa imikhosi uCharles Yokuqala;
• Battle of Britain (Julayi-Oktobha 1940) yi umoya emfazweni enkulu, nto leyo ekhokelele Wehrmacht baphulukana ngabaqhubi 3,000 1,800 Royal Air Force yabaqhubi kwaye ngaphezu kwama-20,000 abemi esiqithini;
• Battle of Atlantic (. Septemba 1939-Juni 1944) uthathwa imfazwe kakhulu elide, nto leyo kwakuxhomekeke unikezelo lokutya kwi siqithi kunye nonikezelo kwezikhali imikhosi encedisayo; uloyiso phezu imikhosi yaseJamani ubuyeleyo kumazwe encedisayo ukufa amawaka 50 oomatiloshe.

Kwaliwa mkhulu kwimbali eBritani, zaye ayipheleli kummandla siqithi. I inkulu kubo kwenzeka phezu kwamanzi kunye emoyeni.

Battle kumdla bukhosi

Ekubeni abe enamandla uhlanga ehlabathini, Great Britain waphum nkqubo lobukoloniyali. Ukuze ugcine phantsi kolawulo lwakhe kwintsimi enkulu wayesebenzisa amajoni nanceba, uninzi lwabo aseRoma amazwe. Lawula kuwo amagosa British.

Izimpi amakoloni:

• 1781 - imikhosi yaseBritani anikezele kwi Yorktown ukuyivuma Franco-American utshaba wagqiba sisiphumo yaseMelika yoTshintshiselwano ngoLwazi.
• 1842 kwaphawulwa isiganeko ubuhlungu ngenxa UK, apho phantse ngaphandle umlo yatshatyalaliswa Elphinstone squad, kukhululwa abafazi kunye nabantwana (16 amawaka abantu) Kabul, ukusukela zisekhona omnye umntu.
• 1858 - nasekuxinweni aze asithimbe Delhi amajoni British kunye nabaxhasi babo ngenxa ye kwezithandani le Sepoy Imvukelo.
• 1860 - lahluleka awalithabathayo amajoni Chinese ukusuka umkhosi Anglo-French kwi First umlaliso War, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ezi zivumelwano eBeijing.

imikhosi UK inxaxheba kwixesha Iminyaka Elikhulu War, kwaye lokuQala Second World Wars. Ngenxa yezi iingxabano ezenzeka iimfazwe ezininzi edumileyo zombini phezu komhlaba phezu kwamanzi kunye emoyeni.

Amazwe kwi Commonwealth

United Kingdom, nangona umbuso owodwa, sekunjalo iqulathe ezininzi kwezinye ziiyunithi-eziqulathwe isidanga.

Amazwe Great Britain:

• England;
• Wales;
• eScotland;
• Northern Ireland.

Ukongeza, kukho ekuthiwa-Commonwealth of Nations, equka ngaphezulu kwama-50 lithi. Ngaphandle UK ezi ziquka zizilawuli yayo yangaphambili, ezaziphethwe kunye ngamathanga. I inkulu yabo Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Nigeria, Pakistan kunye nabanye.

Imizi inkulu

Kakade ke, kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, imali ezinkulu yaye okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokweenkcubeko eLondon. Ngaphandle kwakhe, kukho nezinye izixeko ezikhulu zaseBritani:

• Birmingham;
• Liverpool;
• Manchester;
• Glasgow;
• yaseCardiff;
• Edinburgh;
• Belfast.

abaculi Great

Great Britain, abantu kwinkalo yenkcubeko baziwa kude ngaphaya siqithi:

• Agata Kristi - umbhali, umbhali labaphandi;
• Dzhoan Rouling - umbhali;
• Sir Shon Konneri - actor;
• Dzhon Lennon - Kumongameli;
• Uilyam Shekspir - umbhali;
• Dzheyn Ostin - umbhali;
• Viven Vestvud - uMyili;
• Sir Pol Makkartni - mvumi ntliziyo;
• Gerbert Uels - umbhali;
• Dzho Koker - imvumi.

Olu ayilo luhlu olupheleleyo ngabameli United Kingdom, ngubani ndiloyisile ihlabathi kunye ubuchule babo.

mithi Great zobukumkani

Ngexesha ubukho karhulumente ngookumkani edume England zezi:

• UWilliam koloyiso;
• Richard i Lionheart;
• Henry yesiBhozo;
• Elizabeth I;
• Victoria;
• George leSithandathu;
• Elizabeth II.

Great Britain wawandisa ukongamela yayo phezu kwehlabathi. I-Commonwealth yanamhlanje of Nations nangoku uyayiqonda Korolevoy wakhe Elizavetu II.

Usapho kulawula uBukumkani

Modern yoMlawuli ngummeli we-Windsor ubukhosi. Ngu Elizabeth II wangumlawuli 1952. Yena uye oonyana abathathu, nentombi, abazukulwana abasibhozo kakhulu-abazukulwana ezintlanu.

History of the Great Britain for abaninzi ababephila akunakucingelwa ngaphandle indlu yakomkhulu. I-Queen ngokwakhe liye laba uphawu karhulumente.

nkqubo Kingdom Great

Urhulumente sele kudala zikho nje lobukhosi yasepalamente. amandla Royal kulinganiselwe ukuya epalamente bicameral. Uninzi amandla asisiso losapho lobukumkani, kunye nentloko karhulumente (inkulumbuso).

Britain Great, iifoto ezo thaca kule eziphathekayo, kwimbali yayo, liye lakhula up a lot of ezopolitiko ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Abameli nempembelelo karhulumente:

• Winston Churchill;
• Margaret Thatcher;
• UDavid Cameron;
• Uilberfors Uilyam;
• Toni Bler;
• Ketrin kaEshton;
• Oliver Cromwell;
• William Gladson;
• UNeville Chamberlain;
• Benjamin Disraeli.

Holidays Great Britain

Uluhlu leeholide ezinkulu kunye neminyhadala unyaka wonke:

Januwari 1 - New Year nguEva (usuku). Pompously kugubha ngaphezulu eScotland kunokuba eNgilani naseWales. Kukho isithethe undwendwe yokuqala, apho kungcono endlwini emva 24,00 wafika kukho umfana iinwele ezimnyama. Kwakulisiko ukuba anikele isonka, uwathandabuze, amalahle, ezisetyenziswa njengomfuziselo kutya kakuhle-ntle, imfudumalo. EScotland, kuba itafile festive bagqiba ekubeni uyipheke haggis odumileyo.

12 Januwari - umthendeleko kwenkcubeko Celtic. Yena udlula e Glasgow, ubude balo ziintsuku-19. Yenza amagcisa abavela kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

25 Januwari - Imini uRobert Burns. iholide kaZwelonke eSkotlani, apho wazalelwa imbongi odumileyo. Chitha holide, njengemeko okhethekileyo sasemini. Ngexesha elithi yemibongo isandi, iingoma. Ukususela ngubo ufumana iikhosityum bonke imidaniso ukudanisa iintsomi.

Januwari 27 - eSkotlani ukubhiyozela ikhefu Aphellio, leyo Libonakalisa Viking ukugaleleka kunxweme British kwinkulungwane 9. Yenza umfuziselo yenqanawa Viking, bonke banxibe izinxibo zembali kwaye banyebeleza ngaloo ngalo mzi enqanaweni elwandle. Viking phenyane amanzi lutshile, bephosa oko izibane 900.

Matshi 1 - Usuku St kaDavide. Siganeko uthatha indawo eWales ngokohlobo lomthendeleko yenkcubeko yobuzwe.
March 17 - Usuku Irish Festival St. Patrick, nto leyo ethatha indawo encinci yayiqandusela timphahla, ekhatshwa ngobhedu bands. Ngale mini, yonke into iluhlaza, kuquka utywala, kunye nempahla.

Epreli 14 - sonyaka London Marathon Floral, eyinxenye ye uthando kunye ezahlukeneyo zokuzonwabisa esitalatweni kunye neembono.

Epreli 21 - lokuzalwa Queen Elizabeth II.

Meyi 1 - umthendeleko yewiski kwi-United Kingdom.

Meyi 4 - Mey Dey, imibhiyozo kunye imingcelele ezitratweni.

May 25 - Usuku Spring kwi-UK (a iholide kazwelonke). Ngale mini, zonke ezitratweni zigqunywe iintyatyambo, yabamba imingcelele costumed.

June 1 - i eWimbledon intenetya tumente.

October 31 - Halloween.

December 25 - iKrismesi.

Disemba 26 - Usuku Boxing. Sinikezelwa eSt Stephen. Ezicaweni ngelo xesha zashicilelwa iibhokisi iminikelo, nasemakhayeni kubakhonzi ukuya ekhaya sangokuhlwa kunye nentsapho yakhe.

Kukho iiholide ezininzi ezingenawo imihla ezisisigxina. ULwesihlanu oyiNgcwele iholide kawonke - i ngoLwesihlanu phambi ngeCawa yePasika. Oku kulandelwa yamaKatolika yePasika.

iiholide UK zinxulumene kakhulu kwimbali siqithi. Amvumela ukuba sijonge inkcubeko yaseBritani, funda nabo kwicala engaqhelekanga.