Ubume hydra yamanzi

Kweli nqaku uza kufunda zonke isakhiwo hydra amatsha, indlela yalo yokuphila, isondlo, ukuzala.

Ulwakhiwo lwangaphandle hydra

Iyithyubu (Oko kukuthi "Thalipedes") Hydra - i zidalwa zincinane kwawo ezihlala amanzi angcwengekileyo neziselubala imifula ngoku kade, amachibi, amachibi. Esi silwanyana cnidarian okanye ukuphila umzimba eqhotyoshelweyo. Ulwakhiwo lwangaphandle hydra yamanzi elula kakhulu. Umzimba imilo kakhulu ilungelo zezindlu. Kwenye eziphelweni zalo imi umlomo leyo lingqongwe sisithsaba ezininzi kuThixo Mpondwana omde obhityileyo (ezintlanu ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibini). Kwelinye icala lomzimba nguye yedwa, ekuthe isilwanyana mayiqhotyoshelwe izinto ezahlukeneyo ngaphantsi kwamanzi. angenawo hydra ubude umzimba ukuya ku-7 mm, kodwa Mpondwana nga ukwandisa kakhulu kwaye bafikelele ubude ngeesentimitha eziliqela.

lohlukanisa ziqu

Makhe siqwalasele isakhiwo olungaphandle hydra. Le theyibhile iya kukunceda ukhumbule amalungu omzimba kunye nemisebenzi yazo.

Umzimba hydra, kwakunye nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi, okukhokelela lifumene ubomi, esibonakala macala iphiramidi. Yintoni na? Ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni hydra kwaye ahambe axis ndicinga emzimbeni, Mpondwana esilwanyana iya diverge ukusuka esqwini kuzo zonke iindlela, ezifana imitha kwelanga.

Yakha hydra lilawulwe ngendlela yalo yokuphila. It iqhotyoshelwe into kwamanzi, yedwa, yayame phantsi kwaye uqalisa dlalisa, ukuhlola loo mmandla kunye ngoncedo nemisipha. Le amagugu isilwanyana. Ekubeni migibe hydra ukubamba, apho angavela ngapha nangapha, ngathi imitha lungiselelo macala kwezi Mpondwana ngokupheleleyo.

komgodi isisu

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi hydra kaThixo sihlolisise. Umzimba ifana hydra yakutya lume. neendonga zaso yakhiwa lamanqanaba ezimbini iiseli, phakathi apho matrix extracellular (mesoglea). Ngoko ke, kukho amathumbu ngaphakathi emzimbeni (esiswini) kwisisu. Ukutya ungena kuwo ngomlomo. Yintoni umdla kukuba hydra, leyo Okwangoku angadli, umlomo kuyinto engekhoyo. iiseli Ectoderm zivaliwe kwaye edidekile, kwakunye nezinye kumphezulu yomzimba. Ngoko ke lonke ixesha phambi kwenu yidleni, hydra kufuneka kwakhona esomba emlonyeni.

Indlela esakhiwe ngayo esi hydra yamanzi likuvumela ukuba utshintshe kwindawo abahlala kuyo. Emazantsi isilwanyana kukho indawo emxinwa - uhamba aboral. Kulo ukusuka engamanzi mithambo wamathumbu unako kukhululwa, kwaye kwiqamza igesi encinane. Ngale ndlela unako hydra ukhipha ukusuka zeendawana kwaye zidade ngaphezulu emanzini. Ngale ndlela elula, esebenzisa imisinga, ukuba ihlawulwe ichibi.

ectoderm

Isakhiwo lwangaphakathi hydra thaca ectoderm kunye endoderm. Ectoderm ebizwa umaleko zangaphandle iiseli oyinxalenye hydra umzimba. Ukuba ukhangela isilwanyana ngemicroscope, ungabona ukuba libhekisela iintlobo ezininzi iiseli ectoderm: abuhlungu, aphakathi kunye epithelial-dystrophy.

Iqela elikhulu - iiseli ulusu-kwezihlunu. Baya qhagamshelana ngasinye yaye zenza amacala osecaleni kumphezulu yomzimba isilwanyana. iseli ngalinye isiseko - cancellable izihlunu fibril. Le ndlela inika ukukwazi ukuhamba.

Ngenxa ukuncitshiswa fibrils umzimba wesilwanyana wahlehla, elongates, ukugoba. Ke ukuba ukwehla kwenzeka kwelinye icala kuphela, andingowasemzimbeni, bend hydra. Ngenxa lo msebenzi iiseli zezilwanyana Ungasa ngeendlela ezimbini - 'ukuwa' kunye 'isantya. "

Kwakhona kule nwebu zangaphandle amalungiselelo iiseli zemithambo-luvo efana. Baye iinkqubo elide apho wadibana omnye komnye, ukwakha uthungelwano single - plexus, entwine umzimba yonke hydra. Qhagamshela iiseli zemithambo-luvo nesikhumba-dystrophy.

Phakathi iiseli epithelial-dystrophy amalungiselelo amaqela amancinane, elirhangqiweyo neseli nuclei intermediate ezinkulu yaye imali encinci kukho icytoplasm. Ukuba umzimba hydra yonakele, ngoko ke iiseli eziphakathi ziqala ukukhula kunye nabelane. Bayakwazi ukuba ibe naluphi na uhlobo weseli.

iiseli abuhlungu

Hydra Isakhiwo iseli umdla kakhulu, bafanelwe ukukhankanywa into sihlabe (umba) iiseli, nto leyo ligcwele umzimba yonke lesilwanyana, ingakumbi nemisipha. iiseli abuhlungu kufuneka isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukongeza isiqalo kwaye kukho icytoplasm egumbini yeseli ibekwe vesicular abuhlungu apho liqengqwa ibe ngumsonto abuhlungu tube esihle.

Of iiseli uya iinwele onovakalelo. Ukuba ixhoba okanye utshaba kufika kule iinwele, lo eqondisa ukuba filament elibukhali abuhlungu, yaye kuphela kukuba ilahlwe phandle. Incam ezibukhali lihlaba umzimba kwixhoba, waza wadlulela ngaphakathi ijelo vulu inikezelwa ityhefu ukuba ukubulala isilwanyana encinane.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko yaba ezininzi iiseli ehlabayo. Hydra Iimpondo capture okuphangiweyo, ziwuthanda emlonyeni wakhe Swallows. Ubuhlungu secreted yi iiseli ebuhlungu, kwaye isebenza ukukhusela. ezidla ezinkulu ningayichukumisi hydras ezibuhlungu ehlabayo. Yityhefu ye hydra kwintshukumo yayo kufana ngamarhawu ityhefu.

iiseli abuhlungu nayo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela. Imisonto zifakwa ityhefu, abanye - ukuba upholstered ngeenxa ixhoba, ngoxa abanye unamathele kuso. Emva ukusebenza sesaa iseli uyasweleka kwaye esiPhakathi limi wabumba ezintsha.

entoderm

isakhiwo Hydra kuthetha ubukho izakhiwo ezinjalo umaleko engaphakathi iiseli, endoderm. Ezi seli kwakhona fibrils izihlunu contractile. Owona msebenzi wabo - ekugayeni. iiseli endoderm cell incindi sokugaya ngqo sayo emathunjini. Phantsi impembelelo yakhe imveliso liyacandeka zibe ngamaqhekeza. Ezinye iiseli endoderm abe misila elide, njalo uyaguquka. Indima yabo - ukutsala amasuntswana zokutya iiseli, nto leyo, ukuvelisa unyawo lobuxoki ubambe ukutya.

Ekugayeni iyaqhubeka ngaphakathi iiseli, benjenjalo ukumemeza intracellular. Kusingathwa ukutya kule vacuoles, kunye iintsalela undigested ukuba betekisi ngomlomo. Nokuphefumla kunye nokukhululwa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kumphezulu umzimba. Khawucinge kwakhona isakhiwo zeselula ye hydra. Le theyibhile iya kwenza ngokucacileyo njalo.

ikhaliphe

Ubume hydra kukuba nga va utshintsho kwamaqondo obushushu, chemical ukwakhiwa emanzini, kwakunye kwebala kunye nezinye nokushukunyiswa. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo isilwanyana injabulo. Ngokomzekelo, xa yachukumisa ngencam yenaliti, uphawu barhanela yi touch zokuhlala iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziya kugqithiselwa, njengoko kwiiseli zemithambo - ukuya epithelial-dystrophy. Isikhumba kunye kwemisipha iiseli basabela ukuncipha kunye, eli hydra uya zixinaniswe ibe ibhola.

Loo yokusabela - ocacile umzekelo reflex. Le yinkolelo entsonkothileyo equka izinto ezilandelayo - imbono isivuseleli, ukudluliselwa excitation kunye nempendulo. Hydra sisigqeba elula kakhulu, obungabangeli mdla yaye ingqondo.

kweemilo

Isakhiwo yeselula ye-hydra ivumela ukuba ukuphinda izilwanyana ezincinane. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iiseli esiphakathi ibekwe phezu komzimba, ibe similise naluphi na uhlobo.

Ukuba nawuphi na umonakalo kwiiseli zomzimba baqale esiphakathi yahlula ngokukhawuleza, akhule kwaye endaweni iindawo ezingekhoyo. Le uphilisa inxeba. ubuchule Hydra okungenisa ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba, ukuba usisike sibe ngamacala amabini, inxalenye enye kukhule i Mpondwana ezintsha umlomo, kunye nezinye - izikhondo umphantsi.

agamobium

Hydra ikwazi ukuzandisa ngendlela zombini maqanda nangokwesini. Xa iimeko zivuma ehlotyeni emzimbeni isilwanyana livela esigingqini encinane, udonga bulges. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, esidulini sikhula, wolula. Ekupheleni kwayo kukho Mpondwana sekhefu emlonyeni.

Ngenxa yoko kukho hydra oselula eqhagamshelwe likhaba umzimba umzali. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba thomo, ekubeni efanayo kuphuhliso amahlumelo amatsha kwisityalo. Xa Hydra oselula ukulungele ukuba aphile phezu yabo, loo namaqhina. Umntwana kunye nezinto eziphilayo koomama iqhotyoshelwe Mpondwana zeendawana kwaye zitsalwe kumacala ahlukeneyo de ahlukana.

syngenesis

Xa uqala ukuba iimeko ezibandayo wadala ntle, kuza ithuba yokuzalana ngokwesondo. Xa ekwindla le ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi eliphakathi iqale ukwakha iiseli intsholongwane, inkunzi nemazi, oko kukuthi, iqanda kunye amadlozi iiseli. iiseli iqanda hydras ezifana ziiamoeba. Ukuba zinkulu, Bathiwe wambu unyawo lobuxoki. amadlozi zifana flagellate lenyama, bona bayakwazi ukudada encediswa misila, kwaye ushiye umzimba hydra.

Emva kokuba isidoda kuya iqanda, zabo fuse nuclei kunye isichumiso kwenzeka. Pseudopodia ivundiswe iiseli iqanda abasiwa, oko lirhangqwa, kwaye iqokobhe uba mkhulu. iqanda senziwe.

Lonke hydra ekwindla, kunye kuqala ubusika, ziyafa. emzimbeni kamama disintegrates, kodwa iqanda ihlala iphila ebusika. Entlakohlaza iqala ku hlula ngenkuthalo, iiseli zicwangciswe ngokwemaleko ezimbini. Xa kuqala imozulu efudumeleyo, hydra encinane waphula iqokobhe iqanda iqala kubomi elizimeleyo.