Yintoni na isimetri iphiramidi? Zeziphi izilwanyana ulingano iphiramidi?

abanye Kuphela izilwanyana abayenzi lonto kwiplanethi yethu! Abanye hit ubungakanani zabo, ezinye imikhwa isimanga indlela yobomi, abanye ziyahluka umbala engakholelekiyo.

Kodwa ekuxabeleni uninzi ubume lomzimba zisekhona ulwandle nolwandle nabemi. isimo sabo umzimba kunokuba engaqhelekanga kakhulu kuba sele macala ekhethekileyo uncharacteristic ukuba nezilwanyana. Le lohlukanisa ziqu.

Iintlobo lohlukanisa izilwanyana

Zonke izilwanyana kwiindidi wolingano komzimba angohlulwa ngokwamaqela ezine:

• Izilwanyana lohlukanisa mazwe (dvustoronnesimmetrichnye). Eli qela iquka iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana eziphila, yaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yolwandle. Eyona iphambili - na indawo amalungu omzimba ngokuphathelele symmetrically ngokuphathelele lowo wenziwe nge-moya. Umzekelo, icala lomzimba, ngasemva kunye ngaphambili ekhohlo nasekunene.
• lohlukanisa iphiramidi ebonisa zomzimba (isimetri iphiramidi). Uphawu izilwanyana zaselwandle enzulwini yolwandle. The main phawu - isakhiwo umzimba ngendlela yokuba ngokusebenzisa central axis layo unokuchitha imigca embalwa wentelekelelo malunga apho amalungu omzimba zilungiswe symmetrically. Umzekelo, neyophahla ziinkwenkwezi.
• Izilwanyana kunye imilo yezi umzimba. Xa lohlukanisa ayikho ekuqhelekileyo konke konke, imilo esoloko itshintsha kuxhomekeke iimeko zokusingqongileyo okanye ukusuka kwi intshukumo kwesilwanyana. Umzekelo woko - Amoeba Proteus.
• Ukungabikho macala ngokupheleleyo. Ezi eziphilayo izinto iziponji. Bona apha indlela yobomi, uyakwazi ukukhula phezu zeendawana kwi imiqulu ezahlukeneyo yaye akazange abe wolingano ethile kubume umzimba.

Iqela ngalinye eziphilayo ezidweliswe izicatshulwa ngokwakhe mandincedeke nesakhiwo sayo. Umzekelo, izilwanyana zokubonisana unako ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ekunene, ajike emacaleni. Izilwanyana lohlukanisa iphiramidi ebonisa akwazi ukubamba ixhoba kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. eziphilayo yezi ndlela elula ukuwusa kwaye baziqhelanise neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

lohlukanisa ziqu: it

Eyona iphambili izilwanyana macala iphiramidi, na ukumila kwawo angaqhelekanga. Zisoloko unabe ezimilise, zezindlu okanye elimile inkwenkwezi okanye ihlabathi.

Ngawo umzimba eziphilayo enokwenziwa kakhulu nezamazembe ngokumalunga ngamnye kubo kukho iziqingatha ezibini macala ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubanika ithuba lokuba babe eziliqela eziluncedo:

1. Zikhululekile ukuba nakweliphina icala, ukulawula ngeenxa zonke kuye.
2. Hunting iba ubukhulu ezinkulu, ekubeni imveliso ziviwa ehlabathini umzimba wonke.
3. Imilo okungaqhelekanga komzimba kwenza kube lula ukuqhelana imbonakalo ezingqongileyo, uthululele baze babe ezingabonakaliyo.

lohlukanisa iphiramidi ebonisa yomzimba - enye izixhobo ezingundoqo kwiiklasi ezithile izilwanyana wolwandle zoluntu eziphilayo.

Iimpawu wolingano iphiramidi ebonisa umzimba

Imbali isenzeko izixhobo ezifana, ezifana wolingano iphiramidi ebonisa umzimba, imizila iingcambu zawo kookhokho izilwanyana Coelenterata uhlobo. Baba umzimba ngokupheleleyo, ubomi singahambi kwaye zinxibelelene zeendawana. Baya ingazuza ulingano ezinjalo, baza bamnika isiqalo.

Inyaniso yokuba izilwanyana ezininzi ngoku ngokukhutheleyo siqubha kusekho abe ulingano iphiramidi, iintetho malunga neredutsirovannosti bakhe ngexesha zazivelela. Noko ke, injongo yaso ngqo, lo msebenzi osemqoka ayisa enza.

Meaning ziqu lohlukanisa

injongo yawo iifom zooyise, ngokunjalo, ehamba kuqiniswe ubomi mihla - ekukhuseleni ekuhlaseleni ezidla kunye nokutya lixhoba.

Ngapha koko, izilwanyana kunye ulingano iphiramidi, bengakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokwabo, ukuba abaleke lirhamncwa, ababa nako ukuzimela. Ngoko ke, ekuphela khetho ukuba uzive ukukhuselwa ekusondeleni ingozi kuyo naliphi icala lomzimba elibonisa kunye neendlela zokukhusela.

Ukongeza, ukuba badle esisesabo isonka when're umzimba, kunzima kakhulu. A lohlukanisa iphiramidi ebonisa ikuvumela ukuba ukubamba imithombo encinane ukutya emhlabeni umzimba lonke yaye ngokukhawuleza ayiphendule.

Ngoko ke, lo wolingano iphiramidi ebonisa umzimba kunika iindlela zokhuselo ebaluleke kakhulu, kunye nokutya izilwanyana kunye nayo.

imizekelo nezilwanyana

Kukho imizekelo emininzi izilwanyana kunye macala iphiramidi. ngeyantlukwano yabo emikhulu kweentlobo kunye lwamanani ezihonjiswe elwandle yaye ulwandle a ezantsi kwaye umhlathi amanzi, ivumela umntu babubone uhlobo zodonga kunye nobuhle yehlabathi kwamanzi.

Zeziphi izilwanyana ulingano iphiramidi? Ngokomzekelo, ezifana:

• urchins elwandle;
• jellyfish;
• cucumber elwandle;
• brittle;
• zmeehvostki;
• hydra;
• korale;
• Ctenophora;
• polyp ezisisigxina;
• ezinye iintlobo iziponji.

Le mizekelo zixhaphakileyo yolingano iphiramidi ebonisa omzimba kwizilwanyana. Kukho nezinye izilwanyana, eyaziwa encinane, yaye, mhlawumbi, bonke ayikabi evulekileyo, obubonakala ngokuba neempawu ezifana-siseko.

coelenterates

Olu hlobo izilwanyana luquka iiklasi ezintathu eziphambili, uphawu eliqhelekileyo apho bubonakaliswe yokuba zonke izilwanyana kunye macala iphiramidi. Kuyabonakala ezilawulwa naliphi free-ezidadayo Inqanaba medusa, okanye ibakala liqhubu ehlonyelwe zeendawana. Hole enye, umsebenzi ke ngomlomo, ezimpundu kunye ngesondo. Ukukhusela ukusetyenziswa enetyhefu iiseli ehlabayo.

1. Hydroids. Eyona engundoqo abameli: i hydra, imibhobho. yokuphila Ngaba apha zifana zonke coelenterates, maleko ezimbini kwisakhiwo umzimba: i ectoderm kunye endoderm. Le engundoqo Umaleko yinto ngamanzi ukwakheka into gelatinous - mesogloea. Imilo Umzimba isikakhulu indebe-ezimile. Inxalenye enkulu yobomi ichithwa kwinqanaba le liqhubu.
2. Jellyfish (scyphoids). Abameli Key - zonke iintlobo jellyfish. engaqhelekanga imilo umzimba, ekwimo intsimbi okanye nkundla. Kwakhona izilwanyana ezimbini-umaleko kunye macala iphiramidi. Inxalenye enkulu yobomi ichithwa nenqanaba a jellyfish ngokukhululekileyo ezihambayo.
3. Ukuphupha (polyp). Eyona engundoqo abameli: anemones, neekorale. The main phawu - yokuphila lobukoloniyali. izixhobo ezininzi coral zenza lonke ngamathanga yayo lamasetlani. Iifom abangatshatanga nabo kuthi, aba iindidi ezahlukeneyo anemones yolwandle. Inqanaba jellyfish ngokubanzi aziqhelekanga ukuba kwezi zilwanyana, kuphela polyp yeqonga.

Kuzo zonke kukho malunga 9000 iintlobo amalungu olu hlobo silwanyana.

echinoderms

Nkqu ezinye izilwanyana kufuneka ulingano iphiramidi? Kakade ke, lo echinoderms adumileyo kunye yayiyinzwakazi encamisileyo, engaqhelekanga kwaye eliqaqambileyo. Olu hlobo ibandakanya malunga 7000 iintlobo zezi eziphila elwandle emangalisayo. Kukho iiklasi ezintlanu ezinkulu:

• cucumber Sea - zifana ziimpethu, kodwa kufuneka macala iphiramidi. Enemibala eqaqambileyo, ukuba madolw 'anzima ukuya komile.
• iinkwenkwezi ukudleka - embhoxo iinkwenkwezi yolwandle, ke yona ephezulu ukushukumiseka kunye nobuhlwempu umbala - ezimhlophe, ubisi kunye nemibala beige.
• urchins Sea - kunokuba inaliti echanekileyo amathambo zangaphandle, okanye ukuba iinaliti. Imilo Umzimba phantse lonk kufutshane ukulenza.
• Ezizinkwenkwezi - ezintlanu, isibhozo, okanye elinababini izilwanyana-kunye macala eyomeleleyo iphiramidi. Kakhulu kahle zipeyintwe, iindlela zokuphila ukuba ungenzi nto, ukukhasa ngpaha komzantsi.
• Crinoids - behleli izilwanyana ezintle, abe imilo iphiramidi ebonisa le mbali. Ngaba lwahlulwe zeendawana kunye sifudukele kwindawo ukutya sisityebi.

Yokuphila ingaba ezinokususwa kangaka (lily elwandle). Umzimba umaleko-mbini, kwisisu zomlomo aze enze umsebenzi ezimpundu. Uphahla lime ngokwaneleyo, strong ihonjiswe kakuhle ngeepateni ezimibalabala.

Imibungu yezi zilwanyana kuba wolingano amabini omzimba, kunye abadala kuphela doraschivat ray ukuze ziqu.

Ctenophora

Kudla izilwanyana ezincinane ubungakanani (ukuya kwi-20 cm) apho, umzimba emhlophe ngokupheleleyo kwawo, ezihonjiswe imiqolo bamanqatha. Olu hlobo lwesilwanyana igqalwa omnye kakhulu yamandulo. Kama ijeli ezizingelayo zitya intlanzi, intlanzi kanti omnye komnye. nokuzalana olunzulu kakhulu.

Ubume komzimba kukho wesithathu igqabi osandul. Umlomo lokuvula kwi nakumphezulu lomzimba, okukhokelela abhabhe ngokukhululekileyo yokuphila. Eyona eziqhelekileyo iindidi zezi:

• Beroe;
• platiktenidy;
• gastrodes;
• Venus nombhinqo;
• bolinopsis;
• tyalfiella.

lohlukanisa zabo ziqu, kwakunye wolingano iphiramidi ebonisa ezinye iintlobo coelenterates kakubi ngayo. umzimba ezimise okweqanda okanye ibhegi.

gabalala

Ngoko ke, lo wolingano iphiramidi ebonisa umzimba - kuba lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa izilwanyana zasemanzini, ehamba uhleli ungenzi nto, okanye eqhotyoshelwe kubanini bazo yaye sinika kwiqela lokulungileyo ukuzingelwa ixhoba kunye balekela amarhamncwa.