Iinkawu, ndoda - ezifanayo nezahlukileyo. Iintlobo kunye neempawu iinkawu ezinkulu mihla

Impondo (antropomorfidy, okanye hominoids) ilungu superfamily of obeku- Old World. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, iintsapho ezimbini: i ezibumnturha kunye neenkawu encinane. Yakha obeku- Old World efanayo abantu. Le Ukufana lwenkawu oluntu kwaye esisiseko, ebavumela ukuba libhekisela taxon efanayo.

kwemvelo

lwenkawu yokuqala ukuvela ngasekupheleni Oligocene kwi World Endala. Kwakumalunga amashumi yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Phakathi lusungulo obeku- kakhulu abangekaphuhli abantu eyaziwa gibbonoobraznye - propliopithecus, ukususela ekweleenjiko laseYiputa. Kuxhomekeke kubo kuvele ngakumbi driopithecus, gibbons kunye pliopithecus. I Miocene kwenzeka Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwenani kunye nokwahluka kweentlobo iinkawu ezikhoyo ngoko. Xa elibonakala nokuhlaliswa driopithecus esebenzayo kunye nezinye hominoids kwi kummandla Europe kunye Asia. Phakathi izilwanyana Asian kwakukho uhlobo orangutan. Ngokutsho ezinto eziphilayo womntu kunye iinkawu yahlulwe zemithi ezimbini malunga 8-6 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

uyafumana ezimbiwa

Omdala-yaziwa irobhothi rukvapiteki ingqalelo, kamoyapithecus, morotopithecus, limnopiteki, ugandapiteki kunye Ramapithecus. Abanye abaphengululi banoluvo lokuba iinkawu mihla - inzala parapithecus. Kodwa lo mbono na isizathu ezaneleyo ngenxa yokunqaba isidumbu yokugqibela. Njengoko hominoid relict libhekisa isidalwa wasentsomini - a Kubikula.

inkcazelo obeku-

Lwenkawu ezinkulu kunezo yomzimba iinkawu abantu. obeku- Old World azinayo nomsila, callosities ischial (kukho ezincinane kwi gibbons kuphela), pouches ezidleleni. Eyona uphawu hominoids na indlela yabo intshukumo. Kunokuba ezihamba zonke iziphelo amasebe, ahamba phantsi kwamasebe ikakhulu ezandleni. Le ndlela umzabalazo brachiation. Ukuziqhelanisa ukusebenzisa yayo kwavusa utshintsho ezithile yokwakheka: ngakumbi iingalo bhetyebhetye yaye elide, atshabalalisa isifuba ulwalathiso cipande-ngomva. Zonke lwenkawu akunakumiwa ngemilenze nemazi, ngaloo ndlela kushenxisa ngaphambili. Kuba zonke iintlobo hominoid luphawulwa nembonakalo yobuso aphuhliswe kakuhle, ukukwazi ukucinga nokuhlalutya.

Ngokungafaniyo lwenkawu yabantu

obeku- Old World abe neenwele kakhulu ngakumbi, nto leyo ukugubungela phantse umzimba wonke, ngaphandle kwiindawo ezincinane. Nangona yokufana kwabantu kunye ape kwi isakhiwo amathambo, izandla kwi abantu ayixhomekekanga aphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye ube nobude elifutshane kakhulu. Xa milenze obeku- Old World ziyaphuhliswa ngaphantsi, ngaphantsi ngokuba mfutshane. lula lwenkawu ukuhamba ngapha kwemithi. abantu badla ukujinga kwi amasebe. Ebudeni bohambo, njengoko umthetho, ukuba asetyenziswe onke amalungu. Abanye abantu bakhetha indlela ahamba "behamba ngamanqindi." Kulo mzekelo, ubunzima umzimba kudluliselwa iminwe, apho ndawonye ibe ngenqindi. Ukungaboni womntu kunye iinkawu kwakhona kwinqanaba ingqondo. Nangona iintaka Old yeHlabathi zithathwa phakathi obeku- abaninzi abakrelekrele, utyekelo zabo yengqondo azikho ezaba njengoko ebantwini. Nakuba kunjalo, phantse bonke bayakwazi ukufunda.

yokuhlala

Lwenkawu zihlala emahlathini emvula Asia and Afrika. Ngokuba zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo nezo obabuthandwa neendawo ezihlala kuzo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Bangafani, umzekelo, nenomlanga kuquka, bahlala phantsi kunye nemithi. Ezi abameli obeku- eziqhelekileyo kumahlathi Afrika phantse zonke iintlobo kunye amathafa ezivulekileyo. Noko ke, ezinye iintlobo (bonobo, umzekelo) zifumaneka kuphela ekweleenjiko ulophu of the Congo Basin. Gorilla zenyathi: nasesithabazini empuma nasentshona - kuvame kakhulu amahlathi nokufuma Afrika, kunye nabameli iintlobo ehlathini intaba bakhetha sezulu sifudumele. Ezi obeku- kunqabile nokukhwela imithi ukususela massiveness kwayo kwaye kwenziwa emhlabeni lonke ixesha. Gorilla bahlala ngokwamaqela, inani lamalungu rhoqo iyatshintsha. Orangutan, phezu koko, kwaye umthetho. Bona bahlala imigxobhozo kunye woods imanzi, enyuka kakuhle imithi, ukusuka kwisebe kwisebe kuzinambuzane ngokucothayo kodwa ngobuqili ngokwaneleyo. iingalo zabo elide kakhulu - ukufikelela emaqatheni.

intetho

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu baye befuna ukuba ukuseka uqhagamshelwano kunye nezilwanyana. Izazinzulu ezininzi inxaxheba kuqeqesho likhupha intetho lwenkawu anthropoid. Noko ke, lo msebenzi zange ukuveza iziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Obeku- ushicilele izandi ngamnye, efana kancinci ukuya amagama kunye nesigama kuphela xa lulonke luxhomekeke kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa sisikhwenene ukuthetha. Inyaniso kukuba em- ngomlomo abekho e Old World obeku- izinto isandi esivelisa ethile, ulungelelene imizimba yabantu. Lo nto ichaza ukuba ukungakwazi abathile ukuba baphuhlise izakhono ezinekhono modulated izandi. Ibinzana xa mintlhaveko ngezi nkawu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, umnxeba ukuze sinikele ingqalelo kubo - isandi "er", umnqweno neqhayiya wabonakalaliswa ukukhawulezisa, ugrogriso okanye uloyiko - i shrill, wamemeza elibukhali. Omnye umntu ofunda mood omnye, ujonge amazwi iimvakalelo, ukwamkela ezi okanye ezinye iimpawu. Ukuze ukudlulisela ulwazi njengoko iindlela ezisisiseko yobuso, izijekulo, ukuma. Inoku engqondweni, abaphandi baye bazama ukuba ukuqala ukuthetha nkawu besebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla, nesetyenziswa kubantu abangevayo. monkeys abasebatsha abaqeqeshelwe imiqondiso ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Emva kwexesha olude elifutshane abantu ithuba lokuncokola izilwanyana.

umbono ngobuhle

Abaphandi kuphawuliwe, hayi ngaphandle nolwaneliseko, ukuba nkawu babekuthanda kakhulu yemida yomzobo. Kulo mzekelo, i obeku- uya kwenza ngenyameko ngokwaneleyo. Xa upha nenkawu iphepha, ibhrashi ulipeyinte ngomfanekiso nantoni na, wayedla uzame ukuya phezu ngohlangothi sheet. Ukongeza, izilwanyana ezahlulwe moya iphepha kakhulu ngobuchule lube ziinxalenye eziliqela. Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba nezo ukupeyinta ngokuphawulekayo onamandla, ezinesingqi, ezele ngokuvumelana kokubili ngombala nemilo. Akukho babekhe bakwazi ukubonisa umsebenzi izilwanyana imiboniso. Abaphandi ukuqhuba nezo waphawula ukuba nkawu ingqiqo kubuhle, nangona kubonakala ngendlela osandul. Umzekelo, ebukele izilwanyana eziphilayo kwintando, babona umntu ehleli kwelanga ngasemdeni yehlathi kwaye batsalwe ukubukela kwelanga.