Amathambo yesandla somntu, isakhiwo. skeleton Human esandleni

Amathambo yesandla somntu lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo 4. Izowuni eliphezulu le nemilenze. Ezi ziquka scapula kunye clavicle. Okulandelayo kufika kanye emagxeni yokwakheka, t. E. Eli candelo ihumerus. Icandelo elilandelayo kuthathwa zengalo, eyenziwa ngaba ulna kunye radius. Last - ithambo cyst. Amathambo kwesandla lasekhohlo kuku umfanekiso isibuko asemzimbeni ekunene.

izihloko Ubume

Cinga amathambo ngesandla kwicandelo ngalinye. Clavicle kunye scapula izinto ezihambelanayo, kwaye ingalo eliphezulu inxulumanisa joint ibhola. Kodwa hayi kuphela ihumerus ihambe nabo. Bakhonza amanqaku attachment lokuba izihlunu ukuba banoxanduva intshukumo esandleni.

Okulandelayo iza ngqo ihumerus. Apho lugxunyekwe ngaphesheya radius engqinibeni kunye ulna. isihlobo Recent enokususwa omnye komnye. Kwindawo emi kuyo isandla xa sijamelene ngaphakathi entendeni, zibhekisela ithambo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukujika isandla phambili njengoko shift ne phambana.

Amathambo ubume ngesandla na isakhiwo kakhulu. It iqulathe amathambo 27. Ezi izinto zahlulwa ngokwamaqela ezininzi: kunene, kunye phalanges pastern, ukudibanisa kwamalungu interphalangeal. Yeyona ukuntsonkotha le nkqubo yaye ivumela ngesandla ukuba babe oluphangaleleyo kunye nobuchule. Unga sebenzisa oku ukuba benze umsebenzi onzima kunye imisebenzi mechanical, kodwa yona ikuvumela ukuba enze iintshukumo ezincinane ngqo.

Isakhiwo eneenkcukacha umbhinqo nomlenze

ngesandla Amathambo kwi umbhinqo egxalabeni simelwe scapula kunye clavicle. Yeyona mmandla kwindawo yabo kwaye uqhagamshelwano ukuya ihumerus, nomlenze kuthiwa ekhaya. Noko ke, ihumerus igxalaba anatomically, wathi izinto zenziwa eliphezulu ibhanti esiphelweni. Kodwa, ucinga amathambo yesandla somntu, esi sakhiwo kufuneka ifundwe kunye umbhinqo emagxeni, ezichaphazela ngokuphawulekayo umsebenzi.

nomlenze

Umhlakulo - ithambo flat ukusuka ngasemva. It has a imilo ezingoonxantathu kunye emiphethweni aphezulu, osecaleni medial kunye emiphethweni ephantsi, aphezulu kunye lateral. Ilungiselelwe nge engile anquma zisecaleni kwisisu articular, kwaye apho kukho kunye nentloko scapula ime kwicandelo elilandelayo le ihumerus. Nje ngaphezulu imisele ibekwe blade entanyeni, elijongeka indawo iingqameko. kwisisu Glenoid nayo singqongwe hillocks - subarticular kunye epiarticular.

Blade lona inani phiko - umngxuma podlopatnuyu - kummandla ubambo isifuba. Kodwa phezu umva uye emqolo ehamba ecaleni ibe likhaba kusukwa yangaphakathi ukuya kwikona engaphandle. Kumacala omabini emqolo bodwa supraspinatus kunye fossa infraspinatus, apho izihlunu kuqhotyoshelwe amagama efanayo. Oku ophuma ngapandle kwi awn ibekwe ngasentla emagxeni kwegxalaba umhlehlo ebizwa acromion. Enye blade kufakwa le coracoid, zijonge phambili ekhonza ukuba kuthinjwe nemisipha kunye nezihlunu.

collarbone

ithambo Clavicle na tubular, kujikwa S-ezimile. Unesigxina tyaba, kunjalo phezulu inxalenye ngaphambili kwesifuba entanyeni. isiphelo kwentamo medial iqhotyoshelwe kwentamo, yaye acromion osecaleni edibene scapula. Kwakhona eNtabeni eziveliswa izihlunu kunye nemisipha, nto leyo ekhokelela ubukho uburhabaxa phezu ezantsi, ezizezi, umgca kunye tubercle.

Isakhiwo emagxeni

Kule ibhanti igxalaba iya ngqo amathambo isandla. Umlenze ukhandwa le ihumerus. Le lithambo tubular, elirhangqiweyo kwicandelo emnqamlezweni kunye okwicala elingaphezulu kunye elingunxantathu kufutshane ezantsi. Isiphelo phezulu isithsaba intloko ngohlobo ikhweyitha, elijonge ukuya ikhaba. Kwi entloko phezu articular. Nje ngezantsi amathambo entanyeni zomzimba kunye tubercles ezimbini attachment kwezihlunu. Ngaphandle zijonge tuberosity mkhulu kwaye cipande incinane. ephakeme nganye uya ezantsi, kodwa phakathi kwakhe tubercles babe groove ukuba sicatshulwa imicu. Indawo kwaza ngethambo uye wabizwa entanyeni yotyando.

Umzimba ebizwa diaphysis ithambo. tuberosity Deltoid kumphezulu sayo eyenzelwe ukuba kuthinjwe esihlunwini deltoid. A umphezulu diff into zinokuhonjiswa emqeleni ye-luvo iphiramidi ebonisa ukuba iqhuba spiral kancinane.

Ukuphela distal nguye epiphysis kumazantsi ithambo. Kukho abunjwe condyle kunye umphezulu articular, apho ithambo liqhagamshelene kwicandelo elilandelayo. ihumerus block - inxalenye medial welungu lebhokisi ukuba ulna. Inxalenye lateral shape ungqukuva - intloko condyle - kanga kwirediyasi. Ngomhla block imingxuma emibini zibonelelwa, apho iinkqubo nangemvume ulna kwi iintshukumo ngesandla, zibizwa ngokuba imingxunya coronal kunye olecranon. Kwakhona kufutshane isiphelo distal kukho epicondyles (osecaleni medial), ezithi nemisipha kunye nemisipha eziqhotyoshelweyo.

Ubume engqinibeni kunye ngesa-

Le yengalo isabelo ilungu engqinibeni kunene. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, le nxalenye idla ngokuba engqinibeni, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa njengendlela. Ilunga engqinibeni iqulathe ulna kunye owela ngaphakathi kwama-zengalo kunye ihumerus ngokwayo. ezandleni amathambo isebe thaca lo ulna kunye radius. Bona eziqhagamshelene ezinokususwa: uRay waba ithuba ku gqiba ngeenxa engqinibeni ngentshukumo ngesandla. Ngale ibhrashi bangakwazi rotated ukuya ku 180º.

ulna

ifomu trehgranna ulna. Eqinileyo ekupheleni eliphezulu, oko babonelelwa trochlear inotshi ngaphambili icacise kunye ihumerus. Edge zisecaleni umqadi iphela tenderloin, nto leyo efunekayo ukudibanisa kwintloko ithambo ingalo yesibini - msebe. On omabini amacala trochlear nenotshi hamba inkqubo cipande nemithambo kunye ulna ngomva. Phantsi umhlehlo ngaphambili uye tuberosity ngenxa kuqhotyoshelwe izihlunu emagxeni. Ekupheleni distal osezantsi sale ithambo nguye intloko. indawo Articular ikhonza izicelozokuguqula kunye kwirediyasi kwicala iphiramidi kwayo. Kwakhona intloko ulna inkqubo styloid inikwa ngohlangothi diff.

umakha-sangqa

Radius wafumana ukuqina ekupheleni ephantsi, hayi phezulu, njengoko kwi engqinibeni. Phezulu yintloko kwirediyasi, leyo ikuvumela ukuba ukwazi ukuqhagamshela egxalabeni. Umphezulu aphezulu intloko inomngxuma oyimfuneko ukwenzela isiphambuka esise a condyle intloko ihumerus. wedini Articular ecaleni ngohlangothi intloko ivumela ukudibanisa ukuya ulna. Intloko iingqameko phantsi, esiya entanyeni radius. Kwicala engaphakathi entanyeni ngezantsi nje tuberosity ivumela someleze zomfana isihlunu yengalo ye imicu.

Isiphelo esezantsi bone uyayinikwa carpal articular komhlaba odibanisa isebe ibrashi. Kukho kwakhona inkqubo styloid, lijonge ngaphandle, yaye ngaphakathi engqinibeni isikwe, eyenzelwe ukuba kunye nentloko ezahlukahlukeneyo ulna. Kwakhona skeleton ngesandla kule ngongoma iqulethe isithuba limited interosseous zifakwe phakathi iikona ezibukhali ngamathambo yengalo.

ngesandla

skeleton Human esandleni bahlulwe iwotshi, pasterns neenzwane ngokwabo. Isebe ngalinye yenziwe inani ngethambo nezokunyuka ezidibeneyo. Esi sakhiwo likuvumela ukuba wenze iintlobo izandla izenzo, liqhekeza yaye ngokukhawuleza basebenze kunye neenkcukacha ezincinane.

sosana

Amathambo esandleni iqala esihlahleni. It ibekwe amathambo nje ezisibhozo, encinane ubukhulu kwaye engaphumi imilo. Le ithambo nomsi-. Bona zimiswe ngokwemigca emibini. Apha ukwaba pisiform, oonxantathu, lunate kunye namathambo scaphoid of kumqolo omnye kunye yesibini hook-up, capitatum, trapezoid kunye polygonal. I Umqolo wokuqala umphezulu articular proximal izicelozokuguqula kunye radius oyifunayo. ukrozo lwesibini - ngokudibeneyo distal kukhatshwa ukuya imilo lokuqala ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka.

Akhiwe moya ezahlukeneyo, amathambo kwisihlahla zenze ebizwa ngokuba yi-kwisihlahla eka entendeni kwaye kwicala emva zimakishwe convexity. Ukususela emqeleni le imisipha izihlahla banoxanduva umsebenzi izihlunu flexor.

metacarpus

Metacarpus wambumba amathambo ezintlanu metacarpal. Oku amathambo tubular, equka umzimba, isiseko kunye nentloko. skeleton Human esandleni iphawulwa ukruthakruthwano omkhulu phakathi ubhontsi kunye nabanye ilungileyo yophuhliso wayo, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ithuba konyawo. Nasesithupheni ulithambo elifutshane, kodwa omkhulu ngakumbi. iziseko data Dice oxhulumene kwi ithambo esihlahleni. indawo Articular ngelixa kulungiselelwa iminwe zangaphandle i imilo isali, kwaye abanye zimela articular komhlaba lohlobo flat. Badinga hemispherical articular ubuso ithambo metacarpal ukudibanisa phalanges.

iminwe

amathambo Finger iqanjwa phalanges amabini okanye amathathu: ezimbini Wenza yokuqala, yaye abanye - ezintathu. ubude phalanges kuyancipha kunye ukwandisa umgama ukusuka pastern. yokuhlasela nganye iqulathe amalungu amathathu: umzimba kunye nesiseko kunye nentloko iphela. Yokuhlasela kuphela imiphezulu articular kwiincam zombini, ngenxa nemfuno amathambo articular kunye iikhompawundi ngakumbi.

Va yokuhlasela proximal nethambo metacarpal ezinkulu (yokuqala) umnwe kukho amathambo sesamoid, imisipha ifihliwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngamanye amaxesha isakhiwo ngamnye ngesandla: ibhrashi skeleton ungadluliselwa kunye nezinye izinto. amathambo Sesamoid nabo babe kule ndawo enye iminwe wesibini yesihlanu. Ezi zinto (kwakunye neenkqubo ithambo) eqhotyoshelweyo izihlunu.