University of sokuzimisela inzululwazi (ngokufutshane). University Ekhaya sempumelelo. impumelelo University physics, chemistry, iincwadi kunye nolwimi Russian

UMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov - umzobo elikhethekileyo kwimbali yelizwe lethu. Wenza lukhulu iRashiya, ukuba bazibonakalise ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo. University Merit zenzululwazi ezininzi omkhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov (iminyaka yobomi - 1711-1765) - indoda kweemfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nolwazi Encyclopedic. Lo sisazinzulu lokuqala zendalo kwilizwe lethu, impumelelo leyo zinokubaluleka jikelele. UMikhail-mbali, imbongi, igcisa, omnye wabaseki kule ndawo lolwazi, njengoko chemistry emzimbeni. Sinikela impumelelo yethu iphambili University kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi.

Chemistry Physics

UMikhail wacinga chemistry umsebenzi wakhe uphambili. University Ekhaya afanelwe kukuba iphuhlise imeko angundoqo theory atom-ezinto mihla. Xa oosonzululwazi 1748 kuqala baqulunqe umthetho zolondolozo mass izinto ezibonakala ngayo imichiza.

chemistry University Ukugqwesa ezinxulumene nje kuphela ukufunyanwa kwemithetho. Wathetha malunga nemfuneko yokuhlanganisa iinzame izazinzulu ezahlukeneyo nokusombulula iingxaki ngokuhlangeneyo. Ngowe-1751 uMikhail udale i "igama malunga iingenelo chemistry." Kuyo wafuna ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo Sciences ezifana physics nemathematika, ukuba bafunde izenzakalo ezahlukeneyo imichiza.

Ukugqwesa University e zemvelo okukhulu, kodwa mpumelelo yakhe iphambili kule ndawo - theory atom corpuscular, nto leyo echaza isakhiwo se mba kunye neziyobisi. Izazinzulu ziye echaza izizathu zokuba izinto thatha imeko aggregate yaye wadala ngobhalo ubushushu.

geography

Phantsi kwesikhokelo uMikhail Vasilyevich Yayenzelwe ukupapashwa "Atlas of Russia", obuphakamileyo kwiiatlasi efanayo yaseYurophu. Kulo ezazichazwa ukwaziswa, kwakunye inkcazo bukhosi waba nombono lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko.

Lomonosov, enyanisweni, wayeqhuba uluhlu olupheleleyo karhulumente. UMikhail yaqulunqa isicwangciso ukufunda lwezoqoqosho manani ka-Russian. Uhambo elizweni liphela zahlutha ibulela kuye. Ngaphezu koko, amaphepha emibuzo bathunyelwa kwiphondo ngalinye. ulwazi olubanzi wahlanganiselwa ukuba sabheka. Yayichazwa Iimpawu zomzimba neendawo iindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe (ulwazi malunga nokuma lomfula, a iinduli ezinkulu), kwakunye ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kubangelwa iimeko zendalo (apho ikhoyo umzi apho elunxwemeni lomlambo, nto leyo mveliso yawo , ubugcisa kunye nokuchwela, izilwanyana kunye nokuloba, enobulungisa, isikwere).

Kodwa akukho yonke impumelelo Lomonosov kule isayensi. UMikhail ingqalelo ngunozala eli candelo lolwazi, njengoko geography kwezoqoqosho. Lomonosov ngo-1758 waba yintloko kweSebe leJografi, ukubayinxalenye Academy of Sciences. UMikhail Lomonosov wayengumfundisi ukuba inani beemaphu Russian, zejografi, Abafoti kunye abahloli.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, uMikhail wayemthanda ulwandle. Ekhathalele malunga nophuhliso yeNavigeyishini kweli lizwe, waba nomdla ekufundeni kwimimandla ezibandayo. Lomonosov wabhala kumazwe unexplored ibekwe kwi-Arctic Ocean. hambo Russian Okokuqala eyayikhokelwa Chichagova Chelyuskina kwaye ndaqonda ngenxa yemigudu uMikhail Vasilyevich. Waba ngumququzeleli waso, kwaye kananjalo wadala umyalelo oluneenkcukacha amalungu hambo.

yokwakheka komhlaba

Lomonosov ngo-1763 kwenziwa umsebenzi ebizwa "ngongqameko zomhlaba." Lanikwa ukuba ntetho komhlaba mihla, egqalwa okokuqala kwimbali. Science ayizange yayingekabikho. Lomonosov waphawula ukuba ngemithambo kwezimbiwa bayashiyana ngobudala, wachaza imvelaphi amathambo, obambe metalliferous, uyagungqa abamnyama umhlaba.

philology

uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu kweemfuno neempumelelo Lomonosova I v entsimini Ezolimi. iintlobo ngeentlobo ezimangalisayo nkqu uluhlu imisebenzi yale isazinzulu enkulu. Sibala impumelelo eziphambili Lomonosov ngolwimi Russian. Yaba nguye owadala igrama yokuqala kakhulu kwilizwe lethu. Kuye kuchazwe imithetho kunye nemigaqo ulwimi olutsha zoncwadi, thaca ngokucwangcisiweyo. Lomonosov Ungumbhali imisebenzi kwi iziyelelane Russian, ngokutsho isifundo lothelekiso yembali iilwimi, uncwadi poetics kunye stylistics ulwimi ubugagu, kwakunye ngobhalo kwimibongo iprozi. Ukongeza, kukho ilifa lakhe kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nemiba jikelele zophuhliso lolwimi.

iincwadi

Lomonosov nguyise kwimibongo Russian. Oku ezivunyiweyo imibongo yesizwe kwenkqubo mihla versification - syllabic-tonic. Ngowe-1739, Lomonosov wabhala "ode phezu Ukuthatha ka Khotin." It wadalwa ukusetyenziswa tetrameter iambic, apho kuboniswa yokuqala kwindinyana Russian. Le ode kwangenisa entsha yemibongo Russian.

Qaphela ukuba Lomonosov waba ikakhulukazi uyakuthanda olu hlobo loncwadi. ode Gala ulwimi ezele izibheno buciko kunye izikhuzo, ngehlombe yoluntu, uthelekiso eneenkcukacha nezikweko, imifanekiso yeBhayibhile yaye Slavonicisms - konke oku endinomdla kuye. Lomonosov wayekholelwa ukuba zifakwe 'ubude kunye nobungangamsha. " baqalisa ode wathabatha isampulu phantse zonke iimbongi Russian, wadala izenzo zabo ngenkulungwane ye-18. Lomonosov ngemisebenzi yakhe ekhuthaza imfundo nenzululwazi. Ehlabelela umsebenzi yoxolo, badumisa abantu Russian. Ukongeza, i-Lomonosov wayalela ookumkani, ukudala abe ngoyena uKumkanikazi imisebenzi yakhe.

indaba

mpumelelo ezininzi Lomonosov zenzululwazi, ingakumbi kwicandelo imbali, akukho lula ukuqikelela, besusela kwizicatshulwa yokuqala. Amaninzi, ukufunda kunye nokuqonda imisebenzi eyilwe ngabo ngenxa yokuba iYunivesithi ilulwimi lwakudala. Kodwa iimpawu yokuziphatha-art, oko iphezulu kakhulu, kunye nesimbo, isakhiwo, yaye ivumelane ne lugqibelele. Ukuba uMikhail thaca imbali Russia kwimpilo kuphela kunye nemfezeko ngokoqobo. Wayebaphepha yokuvakalisa uluvo lobuqu, yaye "Imbali Russian" zakhe wadala ngokusekelwe imithombo ephuhliswe kakuhle nolwahlukileyo, ufunde kubo kule minyaka.

Lomonosov wayezama 'ukucoca iingcambu zembali "lwelizwe lethu. Ungqinile ukuba nokuxubana azikho balwa, ngoko ke 'uNorman "uguqulelo mazithathwe eziphosakeleyo. UMikhail ubethetha ngaye ngokusekuhleni, nangona ngononophelo olukhulu novakalelo, nxamnye lemfundiso ibandla. Ngokwale mfundiso kubhekwe ukuba nokuxubana zathathwa umzukulwana yebhayibhile kaNowa, noMesheki.

iisampuli porcelain

UMikhail wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kwemveliso imveliso yephondo. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yogwebo ezifunyaniswe kuye endle, wahlala izixhobo kakuhle ezinqabileyo. I kubo "iingxelo zeLebhu" wadala (icandelo "Porcelain isampuli") ezinye izihlwele zokupheka imveliso yephondo. Enye inxalenye kubo kwi "kwincwadi lwaselebhu".

Lomonosov waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla imveliso yephondo, mhlawumbi ngo-1750. Recipes ezichazwe kubo, ngaba mhlawumbi ye-th 1751 okanye ekuqaleni kuka-1752 akakwazi kuthi siqiniseke ukuba wayebonakalisa kamva porcelain isampulu. Noko ke, kucacile ukuba Lomonosov uphando ngokuzimeleyo. Yena wahamba ngendlela eyahlukileyo Vinogradov, umhlobo wakhe. Esi sigqibo singa zotywa ngokuthelekisa ubunzima porcelain yi abaphandi ezimbini. KwiYunivesithi yokuba licandelo-mbini, ebandakanya candelo zwi-ethwala nodongwe. Zilinganiso hlukile izinto kuphela zwi, clays, ukulungiselela preliminary - degree yokuwela, calcining, ukuhlanjwa. Ukongeza, umyinge ohlukileyo zabo wabavoti woluntu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Vinogradov icandelo wesithathu isetyenziswe wampompoza - udaka (gypsum).

Ukusebenza esekelwe

UMikhail yasebenza kaMoses - umbono yokudweba omkhulu. Kutheni na ke babe nomdla kulo yena? Le Isazinzulu wabhala ukuba ngabapeyinti kusetyenziswa imibala esisiseko, kunye nazo zonke ezinye amacandelo nge ukuxuba. Kwakhona wayefuna ukufumana transfer umfanekiso indlela emfutshane nelula.

UMikhail Vasilievich sasigcwele kwaye ukuvaleka ezindongeni Academy of Sciences. Wazama ukubaleka ukusuka kogcino Ofisi, ukufumana umsebenzi apho ukuze baqonde ngokwakhe indalo yakhe ebullient.

Lomonosov waba nomdla amibala-bala, kudala ngaphambi kokuba efika elebhu yakhe imichiza kowabo. Utsaleleke kakhulu ubugcisa mandulo ekudaleni smalt (aluminiyamu iglasi imibala eyahlukileyo) portraits ongafiyo nemizobo. Ngowe-1746 Earl M. Vorontsov zibuyiswa eRoma a imisebenzi embalwa emihle. Endlwini Count lalidla uMikhail Lomonosov.

Ingcamango "imibala ezintathu"

UMikhail waqalisa ukuba ingcamango "imibala abathathu". Kakade ke, kwaba kubaluleke gqitha ukuba uphuhliso olungaphaya umbala yezenzululwazi. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukwahluka imibala ine-ntathu. UMikhail wafumana iindlela zokusombulula ngeentlobo imisebenzi yeprekthikhali asetyenziswa ngoku iifilimu, ushicilelo, umbala kufota. Lomonosov wazama ukwenza icebo apho umntu ukufumana nayiphi umbala ngokuthabatha okanye ngokudibanisa ezintathu ezinkulu.

"Battle of Poltava"

Umsebenzi idumileyo Imbasa uMikhail - "The Idabi Poltava." Lo mfanekiso ubunjwe etheza smalt. imihlathi ubude 5 cm, ubukhulu - mm 1-6 kuphela. Le ukupeyinta udonga wayezelwe Lomonosov ukuba uPetros noPawulos Cathedral njengenxalenye uthotho amibala-bala, ibekwe ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo. Ngu ubungakanani lo msebenzi mkhulu - ngaphezu kwe-300 square metres. m. Kwimeko inxalenye nangasekhohlo kuso ubonisa Peter I ihashe. Yena imelwe umphathi ngenkalipho okhokela imfazwe amajoni Russian. Peter khangela baqine futhi ngqindilili, ukuma kwakhe iyingangamsha. Elandelwa amaqabane akhe, phakathi ithathwa A. D. Menshikov kunye B. P. Sheremetev. Embindini ubume yi lijoni elula ngubani sinamafu indlela kakumkani. Le ijoni nge musket ngokungathi ekonakalisweni siyanibongoza ukuba uPetros Ndizifumana nzulu umlo kunye nengozi ezitshabalalayo. Eli nani limele abantu abaqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho umbhali, indima yakhe ayibalulekanga ngaphantsi indima Peter I.

Ngoko ke, sanduluka yezinto eziphambili Lomonosov ngokufutshane. Kakade ke, siye bangabikelwanga ngazo zonke impumelelo yale nofundiswayo. yonke imisebenzi yayo kakhulu kwinqaku elinye ukugubungela nje engenakwenzeka. Kulomcimbi Service University iincwadi kunye nolwimi Russian, imichiza, ukuma, inzululwazi kunye nezinye iinkalo zolwazi kumenza enye amanani ezibalulekileyo ezimbalini zeli lizwe.