Iiseli Haploid: iimpawu, ukwahlukana, ukuphindaphinda

iiseli Haploid - oku kukuthi, ngundoqo equlethe iqela elilodwa zofuzo. Oku, ngokusisiseko, la gametes - oko kukuthi, iiseli eyenzelwe ukuzalela. Kwakhona iseti haploid zofuzo babe eziphilayo kakhulu prokaryotic. iiseli Somatic of eukaryotes (zonke ngaphandle sex) - izityalo diploid inokuba polyploid.

Ubume kweeseli prokaryotic

Prokaryotes izinto eziphilayo, kuqulethe iseli enye, apho kungekho core. Ezi ziquka iintsholongwane kuphela. Abaninzi kubo yokuba neseti enye zofuzo.

Isakhiwo kweeseli eukaryotic yahlukile yokuba awunazo ezinye organelles. Ngokomzekelo, bona azinayo mitochondria, lysosomes, izixhobo Golgi, vacuole, reticulum endoplasmic. Noko ke, njengokuba eukaryotic, iseli prokaryotic haploid iye plasma inwebu eyenziwa iiprothini kunye phospholipids; ribosomes, inxaxheba kuphuhliso iiprotheni; iseli eludongeni, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi yakhiwe of murein. Kwakhona le philisi ekhona kwisakhiwo iseli enjalo, equka izinto ezifana iiprothini kunye iswekile. zofuzo zabo bayaphaphazela ngokukhululekileyo kukho icytoplasm, isiqalo, okanye na ikhuselwe nasiphi na isakhiwo. Amaninzi, impahla ilifa iintsholongwane imelwe chromosome omnye kuphela, apho ulwazi irekhodwa iiproteni eziza kuveliswa kwiseli. Indlela andise izinto ezinjalo - ukwahlulwa elula iiseli haploid. Oku kwenza ngexesha elifutshane ukwandisa kakhulu iinombolo zabo.

iiseli eukaryotic yokuba neseti enye zofuzo

Kule hlobo eziphilayo nuclei haploid ziqulathe iiseli ekuthiwa gametes. Basenokuba ihluke ukusuka somatic. Veliswa na iiseli zesini haploid, kwaye umzimba omtsha angaqala ukuphuhlisa kuphela ekudibaneni gametes ezimbini, kuhlelwe ngabantu ezahlukeneyo zezohlobo olufanayo.

Akhiwa ezo iseli ezimbini haploid ngokuba elilodwa, oko sele Unazo isethi kabini zofuzo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iiseli intsholongwane ezahlukileyo diploid somatic, ukuze kusafuneka ezinye organelles ezendeleyo eukaryotes.

gametes animal

iiseli Sex eziphilayo akwi ubukumkani, ebizwa ngokuba isidoda neqanda. Okokuqala ekuveliseni umzimba eyindoda, owesibini - nemazi. Iqanda ekuveliseni amaqanda kunye neeseli amadlozi - kule amasende. Abo nabanye - iiseli ezizodwa haploid, okuye imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

Ubume beqanda

iiseli sex abangamakhosikazi ziziinkalo omkhulu kunamadoda. They ezisisigxina. msebenzi zazo eziphambili - ukubonelela elilodwa okokuqala izondlo ezifunekayo zokwahlula. Iqanda ibandakanya kukho icytoplasm, inwebu, umzimba polar iqokobhe gelatinous yaye kwasekwa, oluqulathe chromosome ithwele ulwazi amafa. Kwakhona kubume bayo iqulathe granules cortical eziqulathe enzyme, kuthintela enye amadlozi yeseli emva kokukhulelwa, okanye kuyilwa elilodwa polyploid (kunye abathathu kunye iseti zofuzo), nto leyo iza kuqulatha zonke iintlobo izakhi.

Iqanda intaka iqanda nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela, kodwa iqulethe izondlo kakhulu ngakumbi kuba yanele okokuba uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo mbungu. iiseli lwegciwane Female ezincancisayo uneekhemikali ezininzi eziphilayo, njengoko kwi zigaba kamva kuphuhliso ndiseyimbumba ngokusebenzisa ngumkhaya, wamkela zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukusuka kumama.

Kwimeko iintaka nto ayithethi, ngoko lonke unikezelo kwezondlo kufuneka ekuqaleni makabekho eqandeni. Iqanda unalo isakhiwo ezimbaxa ngakumbi. On top of the sac sac kunye iqokobhe iproteni wambu iqokobhe, nto leyo iba zikhusela lukhona isakhiwo lwegumbi lomoya, apho kuyimfuneko oksijini mbungu.

Isakhiwo isidoda

Oku kwakhona iiseli haploid ilungiselelwe ukuzalela. Owona msebenzi wayo ukugcinwa kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto zooyise zamafa. Le iseli haploid le yeselula kwisayizi encinane kakhulu iqanda, ngenxa yokuba iqulethe akukho izondlo.

Isidoda siquka iindawo ezininzi eziphambili: umsila nentloko kwekhadi therebetween eliphakathi. Umsila (umsila) ubunjwe microtubules - zakhiwo ngaphandle iiprothini. Ngenxa kuye, isidoda Ungasa isingise kumgomo - iqanda, nto leyo imele umgquba.

EsiPhakathi ezahlulwe phakathi intloko nomsila iqulethe mitochondria, leyo zicwangciswe helically ehlabathini indawo ephakathi yomsila, kunye iperi centrioles elele aa Incopho na omnye komnye.

I lokuqala - it organelles ukuba amandla imveliso, oyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuhanjiswa gametes. Intloko isidoda i kernel apho unesethi haploid zofuzo (23 abantu). Ngaphandle kwale nxalenye iiseli oyindoda sokuzala autosome. Enyanisweni, kubhaliwe iguqulwe kancinane, yenyani ukwanda. Iqulethe enzyme ukuba kubalulekile ukuba isidoda ukuba ukunyibilika yinxalenye iqanda lwangaphandle ndigalele umgquba. Emva kokuba gamete inkunzi zidibana kunye imazi, kukho elilodwa kwenziwa leyo unezixhobo inani diploid zofuzo (46 ebantwini). Oku uyakwazi, ukuba zahlule, kwaye enze ngoko mbungu.

plant cells Haploid

Eziphilayo le "ubukumkani" zenziwa iiseli ezifanayo okuzala. Abafazi, kakhulu, zibizwa ngokuba amaqanda, namadoda - sperm. I sokuqala pistil, kwaye eyesibini - phezu istameni, umungu. Emva zoqhagamshelwano izichumiso yayo kwisingqusho kwenzeka, kwaye ke kwakhiwa iziqhamo imbewu ngaphakathi.

Xa izityalo ephantsi (ibihlungu) - ubulembu, yefeni - kukho alternation ngezizukulwana. Omnye iphinde izivelise kwakhona asexually (eziyingozi), kunye nezinye - ngokwesondo. Eyokuqala kuthiwa sporophyte, kwaye eyesibini - gametophyte. Savelisa isityalo sporophyte omfisi ngeemakhishithi ezinkulu, ngoxa gametophyte - isakhiwo oluncinane xa elimile intliziyo kuwo kunye iiseli zesini akhiwa.