Le plasma inwebu: imida efihliweyo

ubomi iseli kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuba enzayim ezahlukeneyo izinto ezingadibaniyo tu, kwaye iseli ingqibelelo. Konke oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ezahlukeneyo ngena kwiseli. Iseli ngokubanzi emida kwezinye isakhiwo okhethekileyo ogama "inwebu cytoplasmic."

Wayibona nokuba yayo ngemicroscope ukukhanya? Impendulo akukho, ewe, sibona lo umda, kodwa inwebu ngokwawo - isakhiwo esihle kakhulu. Maxa wambi thina awuboni nkqu imida iseli, umzekelo, xa kwakujongwa neemicroscope ekukhanyeni iiseli zesibindi. Kodwa kutheni ke sibona kwezinye iimeko, imida iseli, nokuba ngaba inwebu?

Enyanisweni ke nadmembrannye kweengqimba carbohydrate, nto leyo phakathi iiseli. Anciphisa idayi, ngoko Usenokucinga ukuba le yeyona inwebu plasma kunye cut ngempumelelo.

Ekuhloleni kwafunyaniswa ukuba iiseli ezithe shi izisombululo noxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo osmotic, adumbe okanye sofinyela, nto leyo ethetha ukuba singqongwe inwebu apho luphawulwa permeability uyakhetha.

Kwakhona Batyhilelwa ukuba ezo inwebu lweeseli luvulekile kakuhle akubonakali, ukuba ukungena izinto ezinyibilikayo kwi lipids. Xa gidrofilnye ingqiqo classical iphela neemolekyuli inwebu ingqalelo zijonge ngaphandle kwaye hydrophobic - ngaphakathi. Electron microscopy Wabonisa ukuba kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngokukodwa, iifoto elektroniki kungabonakala ukuba maleko sangaphandle zamahlathi, kwaye lwangaphakathi, okt lipid ungqameko ingabekwa emiphethweni.

Le inwebu plasma ngokusebenzisa isixhobo lwabo kungenwa kuyo macromolecules, iiproteni cytoplasmic ngoko abakwazi ukufumana imkhupha esiseleni kuyo. Ezi proteni esiseleni, kudala uxinzelelo osmotic, ukuze ukuba imali ilungelo amanzi ungena iseli. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ayikho ongenasiphelo, ngokuba kulwelo Embi evela ngaphandle, kakhulu, kukho ezinye izinto ukuba ukulungelelanisa uxinzelelo osmotic.

Ukuze umahluko enokubakho yahlala izinzile inwebu plasmatic kufuneka iipropati Heating. Kwakhona lubonisa izazinzulu ndicinga ukuba eninzi lipids inwebu, okuye iipropati Heating. Eyenziwayo phendla wo inwebu iipropati plasma.

Isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi yayo zinxulunyaniswa, umz, umthamo engaqhelekanga ukugcina umahluko lamanani potassium kesodiyam ion lu dityanisiwe indlela ekhethekileyo inwebu - sodium-potassium pump. Ngoko transfer Ion inika enzayimi esisebenza phezu iiseli amandla, inkqubo eninzi yona. Iseli kufuneka 'ahlawule "ukulinganisela. Kwakhona kufuna "utyalo-mali" kunye nokudluliselwa glucose, asidi okunamafutha, acid.

Into emnandi iseli inwebu njengoko yezi, oko kukuthi, imiphezulu ayo aphakathi langaphandle azifani, nangona abaphandi original ngokusekelwe data microscopy electron ingqalelo ngale ndlela. Zonke iindawo ekudleni aqulethe iimolekyuli glycoprotein ezivelileyo ngaphaya kumphezulu olungaphandle inwebu kwaye bayabandakanyeka umaleko Ukwakheka nadlipidnogo. Umphezulu engaphandle yeseli ikwaqulathe molekyuli eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba receptors, bachaphazela kwiimolekyuli ezithile yokusingqongileyo. Ngaloo ndlela umsebenzi kolu esiseleni, ukuba bakwazi ukukhuthaza okanye ukucinezela kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zomzimba. Yaye ke inxenye engaphakathi inwebu iqulethe eninzi cholesterol.

Izifundo kwemichiza aye abonisa ukuba inwebu yeseli, iiprotheni ukuba inwebu yangaphakathi langaphandle bengengabo ncam, kodwa phospholipids ezahlukeneyo ukwakhiwa imiphezulu ezimbini nayo kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezi mpawu ingabonwa nokuba ne kwemikroskopu.

Njengoko ubona, i inwebu eziziziqalelo ayikho simple, kodwa ukuze siqonde zonke iinkqubo, ukuba izazinzulu ukuba ndakhe, ukuba ukwala yeengcinga ezininzi.