Formation of umfundi umdla kwimbali

Inzala uyasazi imfuneko, athe wabonakala kunyulo imisebenzi, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo. umdla Cognitive - injini engundoqo ulwazi.

umdla Amorphous yahlukile zingqondweni, yokungasebenzi,

Loluthando umsebenzi okuzala. Kulo mzekelo, abafundi izifundo ozithandayo - ezo nto kufuneka zizame. Kubo akukho ozithandayo okanye izihloko ubuncinane ezithandwayo kunye namacandelo. ulwazi lwabo soze uye ngaphaya program. Phezu izifundo kwimbali, ukuba bakulungele ukuphulaphula amabali umdla ukubukela iividiyo. Yeentlobo esebenzayo yobubi esincinane ngabo ukuba basebenze ngokwamaqela, apho unako 'tsiba' ngeendleko akanye nalo. Of ekhaya bakhetha "zokudala" - umhombiso kwincwadi yabo ngemizobo, ukuveliswa imifuziselo, ngokuzalisa iimephu nentaba, nkqu sokubhala. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha linye ke bathanda inkqubo 'ngokwenza "kunye namdla alo liwanike umphumo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba anyuse umgangatho iimfuno zoqeqesho lootitshala kwimisebenzi efana umdla kubo kunciphisa kabukhali.

umdla Wide luphawulwa ezahlukeneyo bokuqhelaniswa nezifundo. umsebenzi Cognitive linyathelo ezahlukeneyo, ingqondo, uvakalelo ngokweemvakalelo. Abafundi ochaphazeleka ngokubanzi - ezi amateurs ukwazi. ngomhlaba wabo wonke, kodwa ulwazi curl kwaye ahlale njengoko anjalo, xa esinye sezifundo umdla yabo ayiyi mikhulu, kwaye akayi kuba nendima ebalulekileyo.

I core umdla kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo kunye nendawo le nkqubo yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo. Nguye lo injongo ephambili yokufundisa. Aba bafundi zidla kubanyulwa intsimi kude ukuya ngaphaya inkqubo, inyathelo ekufuneni imithombo yolwazi bakholisa ukuba achithe ndaba nomdla ngexesha lakhe free. umdla Local kuvumela umfundi ukuphucula ineziseko zayo ulwazi ithiyori, ukufunda izakhono zengqiqo.

Ngu iqondo umdla nogcineko lwemeko, izinzile nezinzileyo.

kuvela nje kubangelwa ubutsha, ukugqama, ukumangala, ingxaki umdla lwemeko. Kufuna nokuqiniswa rhoqo ezivela ngaphandle, ngaphandle apho ngokukhawuleza libunile, eshiya umkhondo kwi ubuntu. Sibe nomdla ezinzileyo sisiphumo yonke zakhiwo ekuhlumiseni izixhobo zokufunda. Ubude imiphumela yayo ngaphaya umda kwesifundo, kodwa udinga umfutho kwangaphandle. Xa umdla cognitive ozinzileyo uyawongamela inkuthazo analo. Xa nqanaba liphezulu uphuhliso, kuba intswelo yokomoya, xa umfundi akakwazi hayi bajongane kwisifundo data, akazange achithe inxalenye time ezamahala, musa ukulandela iincwadi ezintsha kwi isihloko umdla.

Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, ingxaki ukuyilwa umdla ulwazi kwimbali kufuneka ingafani. Iiklasi eziqhelekileyo ngokwaneleyo gqolo sizenza izifundo umdla lobume ukwenza likufanelekele entle Iimbono ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo kwesi sifundo. Xa ezoluntu iiklasi kufuneka abekwe umsebenzi wokusungula umdla izinzile yabo bonke abafundi nezinzileyo anekhono kunazo kubo.

umdla Cognitive owenza imisebenzi ezintathu ezisisiseko, ngayo:

1) ithetha () uqeqesho isivuseleli;

2) Eyona nenkuthazo yomsebenzi wokufundisa ;

3) zobuntu izinzile.

Njengoko inkuthazo ekufundeni yona ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise neziphumo zangaphandle ukwenza ukufunda nomtsalane ngakumbi, ukuba ingqalelo ihlale kuyo, ukuphucula iingcinga neemvakalelo lwabafundi, ukuphembelela msebenzi ukufunda. Xa inkqubo yokufunda imbali ngemithombo ukukhuthazwa yenkqubo cognitive oncokola ngayo umbandela kwezemfundo, umbutho kunye nokusebenza, uhlobo ubudlelwane phakathi nxaxheba zenkqubo yemfundo.

Kakhulu apha umxholo izinto zokufundisa. Oku kungenxa indima ephambili iinkcukacha injongo. Ngoko ke, iimfuno ezizodwa kulo mbutho kunye neendlela zokunikezelwa kwenkcazelo yembali. Kufuneka kubalulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

- ukonwabisa, ubutsha, ukukhanya, ngamazwi. Kwinkqubo yokufunda eyonwabisayo yi umfutho original umdla ngokwasengqondweni, inkxaso kunye nemeko memory neemvakalelo yayikukucengceleza amacandelo ezinzima, yindlela defusing ngezikhondo zamehlo umsebenzi wesikolo, kusebenze kwaye usuke of ingqalelo, iingcinga, iimvakalelo. Njengomgaqo, abangele ingqalelo ngokuzenzekelayo abafundi: ibali yesiqwenga eso, eyakhelwe imithetho zokucupha kunye adventure uhlobo; icala elingenzi nto-imbali ibali okanye uphawu ezinxulumene nesihloko kwesifundo; Uphawu eneenkcukacha usebenzisa zonke iindlela angazisebenzisa yomlomo nezibonwayo; Utitshala intetho ukusetyenziswa zemibongo iingcaphulo, iziqhulo kunye aphorisms; ukuthembela imifanekiso ebonwayo, ingakumbi imisebenzi zobugcisa; indida izigwebo kunye noqikelelo.

- ukubaluleka yokuziphatha inkcazelo elenza uvelwano ngokweemvakalelo, imvo yamanyama yokuziphatha, ngokuchasene noko, uyalahlwa elibukhali. Olu phawu kudla incamathele kulengxoxo, isebenze iimvakalelo yokuziphatha kunye neengcamango, nobuthandazwe. Ukubangela ingxoxo imfuneko noqikelelo baba categorical kwaye ngabom bamqumbisa inkcaso evela kwabo awuvumelani kangakanani nazo; ithoni eziyimfihlo kufuneka ukunxibelelana eklasini, nto leyo kufikelelwe elide, iminyaka maxa wambi emininzi yomsebenzi. iindlela ezisebenzayo ziqukiwe kule amanani izinto uphawu psychoanalysis, ingxelo usebenzisa ingxoxo, intetho ngqo okanye nokuqiqa ngokwembono umlinganiswa. Oku kuphucula ngokuchaneka kwebali nangokwengqondo; Eziklasini zabo xa ubalula ingqiqo ka "abalimi oxhomekeke", "feudal", "smerdy", "Zákupy," "neentlobano feudal" ndisebenzisa umsebenzi umdlalo: "Masithi, izolo afumanane free Zhdan kunye nendoda nyne- wabamba sasikhonza kule Vseslav isikhulu. iimeko zokuphila ngenkani ukuba babuyele ezi-onamandla onke Prince of the Kupa. Emva kokufumana ngayo, ukuba usilahlile inkululeko yenu. Ndixelele, yintoni iimeko kwakhokelela ukuba isicelo kwisikhulu, chaza phantsi kwaziphi iimeko kuwe ukufumana imali-mboleko. Chaza iimvakalelo zomntu lowo kulahleke enye kumaxabiso kakhulu eninzi ubomi -. Inkululeko ". Xa ukuhlola inkqubo yezopolitiko eRashiya ebudeni bolawulo Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Ndisebenzisa msebenzi ulandelayo: "Masithi wena - i weewotshi uJohann Krieger, owafika eRashiya kwi-17. Germany xa isimemo lorhulumente Russian. Babe ngabantu abafundileyo ngokwaneleyo kunye nomntu elibukhali, nina banomdla kwindlela karhulumente of Russia, alifanisa kwinkqubo karhulumente kweli lizwe. Ngelo xesha linye ubona nje kuphela imisebenzi eyakhayo kukarhulumente, kodwa esele ikhona, Ngokoluvo lwakho, ububi. Chaza okufumeneyo kunye nokuthelekisa ileta eya kumhlobo wakhe omdala, inkosi Franz Weber e Dresden. "

- zesayensi ukucikideka umfundi yokuchaneka, wakuvulela ixabiso yentanda okanye ukubaluleka kunokwenzeka, iindlela olwalo uhlalutyo kunye novavanyo. izinto Scientific wafunda yesalathiso historiographical kwimiba ebalulekileyo elawula apha; ingcaciso okanye ubungqina zokubonwayo besimo ezinye iziphumo esekwe kakuhle kunye nohlolo ngokuthelekisa nabo amaxwebhu zembali ukupapashwa kwamaphepha kwiijenali zenzululwazi zinamandla; ukusetyenziswa kwezatifikethi ababephila kunye software kuchaphulo olu; ukhetho ngokukhethekileyo izibakala, ebonisa iintsingiselo neepatheni ziinkqubo; ukuveza ubungqina ngokokubaluleka kwazo zembali; Uthelekiso izenzakalo ezifanayo kwimbali yesizwe kunye nehlabathi; ingcaciso ngemvelaphi ngokwemiqathango echazwe amabinzana kunye aphorisms.

Le miba ingentla ze ngomongo lwemeko kubangela umdla kubafundi. Ukunika ibe uzinzo isizalwane kufuneka lube neenjongo zophuhliso lwezakhono zemfundo kunye nezokuqonda. Oku lula ezahlukeneyo iindlela yokulungelelanisa izinto zokufunda, ukuze wenze inkqubo ukuyilwa ubuchule ezingabonakaliyo kunye nomtsalane, kwinto ethile uhlobo zithathwe; umbhalo-ukulungiswa kunye iimpazamo zembali; test umbhalo ulwazi. Abafundi kunye noluntu kakhulu ezijolise ngenkoliseko ukwenza imisebenzi ekuhleleni nasephicotheni eziphathekayo emfundo systematization ngokohlobo iitafile yombhalo. Kule ibanga-5-9 iintlobo eyiyo yolwazi yemali baze baphucule phando.

Xa izifundo zabo kwiiklasi 5-8 I ukuqhuba izifundo ukubethelela ulwazi ngohlobo Sela, Uhambo, indima-ukudlala imidlalo, esidlangalaleni. Izifundo usebenzisa iimeko indima-udlala achukumisa abafundi umdla kwengqondo ukwenza inkqubo yokufunda fun. Ngexesha ezi zifundo kwayileka bume ezizodwa, apho kukho izinto bobuchule yokuzikhethela. Ukuphuhlisa ubuchule ukusebenza kwiqela. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kufuna ukuba umfundi woyisa ukuba neentloni sakhe nazigqibo, ku pfumala ripfumelo ngamandla abo. Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo uphuhliso liphunyezwa, nto leyo ichazwe nje kuphela kuphuhliso ingqondo, kodwa ukuba sphere ngokweemvakalelo, ukuyilwa iimpawu ezinamandla-nkani somntu, ukuyilwa nokuzixabisa yokucebisa. Kwezi zifundo utitshala isebenza ngumququzeleli umsebenzi cognitive labafundi, ukudala iimeko ezikhuthaza kuphuhliso ingxoxo kunye nentsebenziswano.

Kwiiklasi zabo, ndisebenzisa ezi ntlobo zemisebenzi zemfundo, efana ngokuzalisa qashi, iikhwizi, amabali kwi sihloko sinye, uMyalezo, lo mdlalo "Ngubani na? Yintoni na le nto? "Dictations Historical umdlalo" ukufumana inkcazelo, "" kuthiwa ngaye? ". Kwisifundo ngasinye, ndilichitha umsebenzi izinto ezintsha, imihla ezintsha entengo. abafundi Ekhaya ukucela izincoko ngesihloko esithile, ezifana "Ukutyelela abantu bamandulo", "Ngenye imini kwisixeko kumaxesha," "Kwi joust", "kamasifundisane Ingcibi kaThixo." Abafundi babhala le misebenzi egameni labo kunye nenzala abone imisebenzi enjalo. Inkcazelo izigigaba ezithile, okanye intshayelelo ibali intetho ngqo akubangeli ubunzima.

Umthombo ebalulekileyo ukukhuthazwa umdla cognitive ulwalamano phakathi nxaxheba kwinkqubo yemfundo. Kukho kubaluleke kakhulu:

- ezifunwa kakhulu kubafundi kunye ngobubele olungahanahanisiyo; ngokumalunga nomfundi, kwaye ukungamkeleki lophazamiseko esinyusiweyo ilizwi ngokweemvakalelo; imfundo ekujoliswe ukuzithemba, ngokusekelwe ulwazi lokukhula kwabo yengqondo nangokomoya;

- ukukhuthazwa ngendlela msebenzi ngobuchule. Uvavanyo nqgo Indispensably ophezulu umsebenzi cognitive abafundi amandla;

- zero kwaphela nobuvila nokunganyaniseki. Best "isohlwayo" na umntu okanye iqela kwi leri kwisihloko, ukuphunyezwa lomsebenzi woyilo ngamnye. Kufuneka silwele isohlwayo ekugqibeleni waba ekukhuthazeni - awona manqaku aphezulu nendumiso eklasini. Formation zomfundi ngamnye yenkolelo ukuba okwakubonakala ukufundisa mpatho isidima;

- based on umdla ngamnye cognitive kunye nengqondo zomfundi ngamnye, iinkalo zophuhliso yakhe ekufuphi kwaye ngokoqobo;

- ukudala umoya collectivism bonke abazalwana bethu ngokomoya, zoncedo ezifanayo kunye noxanduva yokuziphatha kwiqela ngalinye;

- cala grading utitshala. Kufuneka utitshala abe nesibindi ukuvuma iimpazamo zabo. Ukuba isidima umfundi ubuhlungu ekho eklasini, kwanokuba oko kuyinyaniso, emva kokuba nokudinwa wesiganeko utitshala ukuba badumise okanye uxolo kuye phambi eklasini.

Kwizikolo eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari njengoko izalathi si zokunikwa ukubunjwa umdla zingasetyenziswa zilandelayo ukubonisa yawo izifundo: kwagxilwa ingqalelo; imibuzo yabafundi ubungqina qhelwaniso nezifundo ulwazi nomnqweno ndzulu kakuhle ingxaki; inxaxheba ngokuzithandela kwincoko okanye ngxoxo, zihlaziywe eya kuthi yongezwe la maqabane iimpendulo; silungele ukwenza imisebenzi; abachaphazelekayo ephathelele iziphumo yomsebenzi cognitive; amazwi ngomlomo iimvakalelo; uchulumanco ngokweemvakalelo; umdlalo asabela ngayo izinto ngokweemvakalelo.

Kukho iinjongo ezisisiseko cognitive of interest:

- iinjongo ebanzi yoluntu. Ukuba iinjongo zentlalo ebanzi ngabo kuphela kuba kudityaniswe nabanye, ukuba ezijongwa izalathi si zokunikwa umdla cognitive;

- ulwazi isisusa. Ukungabikho kolwazi Umxholo lungathathwa nokungabikho epheleleyo umdla embalini. Kaninzi kwenzeka abantwana non-koluntu okanye kuphela iilwimi utyekelo ngokukhawuleza;

- ukuqonda iintshukumisa zabo rosta- injini ephambili yophuhliso umfundi, izinga ngempumelelo kuqeqesho siqinisekiso oluzinzileyo. Ile iinkcukacha Umxholo kwawo nako ukuvala zonke ezinye mibala umdla;

- kutsha ukufaneleka kakuhle lo mbandela naye ngomlomo eliphezulu junior. Kule minyaka, akukho nefuthe lale ndlela ziqhutywa umdla wabafundi. indima yayo kwandisa ngokukhawuleza kwisikolo semfundo ephakamileyo ;

- le motif jikelele ukwazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kubonisa izinto amorphous, xa umfundi sisondela na isiphumo umsebenzi cognitive, kwaye inkqubo yokufundisa kunye nonxibelelwano ezinxulumene nayo. Ukunyuka lomthwalo yoqeqesho kwakunye nohlenga kwenxaxheba kwabafundi esikolweni aphakamileyo kwakhokelela yokuduka phantse zonke kuyo;

uvuyo -motiv ngokwasengqondweni kwaye ngokomoya - omnye umlinganiselo ubunzulu umdla kunye nozinzo kombala yakhe ngokweemvakalelo eqaqambileyo;

- isikhundla isisusa yinto ebalulekileyo uvandlakanyo lokuqulunqa umfundi nokuzixabisa. indima yayo kwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ekwishumi elivisayo abantu abadala, kunye nemfuno yokuba umntu ekuvunyweni zentlalo kunye self-isiqiniselo. Inxulumene ngqo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu ulwazi, izakhono, impumelelo kwizifundo. Kungenjalo, kufuneka kuthathwe ngokuba nokuzixabisa asanelanga. Ukungabikho udumo injongo, phambi kwabanye, oko kubangela inkxalabo, njengoko oko kusenokubonisa ukuba kukho nezokungabi nazinjongo kulo mntwana. Kodwa yokuduka lo ngumba - ukuhla kwezinga lenzala nangezo idla ziphelekwa uxananazo ukwanda;

- injongo yonxibelelwano. Ngokubambisana iintshukumisa ngasentla kubonisa umoya ubuchule eklasini, umnqweno ukuphucula ulwazi lwabafundi kunye nezakhono, ngumlinganiselo le kukuzinza umdla;

- ingoma "like utitshala" idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumabakala okuqala, kwakunye lokuqala olunzulu ukufunda imbali.

Umsebenzi ophambili we utitshala abafundi klasse- abanomdla njengesifundo yayo, abanomdla ukuze akuyomfuneko ukuba wena, wenze, ukuba bona babeza ukuhlangabezana utitshala; indlela yokuyenza, u ta va u wonke umntu ofihlakeleyo, kodwa umxholo olunobuzaza umdla isifundo, kakade, apha naphaya ubudala abafundi ', ngokukodwa esihle, aphilileyo, ibali umdla nga kunceda ukufezekisa le njongo, kodwa ukufezekisa into ngasentla, utitshala kufuneka ngokuyimfuneko, kungenjalo kuya kuba kubi, msebenzi usetyenzwa ngababuthuntu; ngandlela; ingabangeli, into uyadika ongacimekiyo kakuhle.

Utitshala ukuphuhlisa abafundi engahlawulwayo, ukuba bafundise emsebenzini, ukufunda iincwadi ezinkulu, ezintle ukuvakalisa iingcinga zabo.

Utitshala kufuneka anike abafundi bakhe ulwazi oluthile kwaye kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ulwazi bafunda kakuhle. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa.