Kuphi i-leukocytes ebantwini?

Umzimba wethu uyinto emangalisayo. Iyakwazi ukuvelisa zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ebomini, ukujongana neninzi yegciwane kunye neebhaktheriya, kwaye ekugqibeleni, sinika ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Kuphi i-leukocytes ebantwini?

Igazi lomntu liqukethe izinto ezifanayo kunye ne-plasma. I-leukocytes enye yezinto ezifanayo kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelet. Azinemibala, zinomxholo kwaye zingahamba ngokuzimela. Ziyakubonwa phantsi kwe-microscope kuphela emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili. Kwimizimba eyenza isistim somzimba somntu, apho i-leukocyte yenziwe khona, iphuma egazini kunye namancuba omzimba. Bakhona ngokukhululekayo bathabathe kwiinqanawa eziya kumathishini athile.

I-leukocytes ihamba ngendlela elandelayo. Ukulungiswa eludongeni lwesitya, i-leukocyte yakha i-pseudopodia (ipseudopod), apho iqhubela kulo udonga kwaye ibambelele ngaphandle kweethambo. Emva koko utyumbela i-gap kwaye uhambela phakathi kwezinye iiseli zomzimba, ekhokelela "indlela yokuphila". Ukunyakaza kwabo kufana nokuhamba kwe-amoeba (i-microscopic unicellular organism from protozoan discharge).

Imisebenzi ephambili ye-leukocyte

Nangona kufana nokufana kwe-leukocytes ene-amoebas, benza imisebenzi enzima kakhulu. Imisebenzi yabo ephambili ikhusela umzimba ukusuka kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo kunye neebhaktheriya, ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezimbi. I-leukocytes ixosha amabhaktheriya, iwagubungele kwaye ibhubhise. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-phagocytosis, ebizwa ngesiLatini ithetha "ukudla okuthile ngeeseli." Kunzima ukutshabalalisa intsholongwane. Ngesi sifo, iintsholongwane zihlala ngaphakathi kweeseli zomzimba womntu. Ngako oko, ukufikelela kubo, iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe zifuna ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezinegciwane. Iiseli ezinobungozi zonakalisa i-leukocytes.

Ziphi i-leukocytes eziqulunqwe kwaye zingaphi zihlala?

Ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yabo, ezininzi i-leukocyte ziyafa, ngoko umzimba uyazivelisa. Ama-leukocyte akhiwa kwiingcingo ezifaka isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba: kwi- thymus gland, umnatha wethambo, i-lymph nodes, i-tonsils, i-spleen kunye nokubunjwa kwe-lymphoid yamathumbu (kwi-patches's patches). Ezi zitho zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Umongo wethambo yindawo apho i-leukocytes, iplatelet, i-erythrocyte zenziwe. Kukholelwa ukuba i-leukocytes ihlala malunga neentsuku ezili-12. Nangona kunjalo, abanye babo bafa ngokukhawuleza, okwenzekayo xa balwa ne-bhakteria enamandla. I-leukocytes ephosakeleyo ibonakala ukuba i-pus ivela, imela ukudibanisa. Ukuzifaka endaweni yazo kwiimpawu ezinxulumene nesistim somzimba, apho i-leukocyte yenziwe khona, iiseli ezintsha ziphuma kwaye ziqhubeka zonakalisa ibhaktheriya.

Kule nxalenye phakathi kwe-T-lymphocyte kukho iiseli zememori ye-immunological ehlala iminyaka emininzi. Kwakukho i-lymphocyte, umzekelo, nge-monster efana ne-Ebola yesifo sengculazi-uya kuyikhumbula ubomi. Xa ufumana kwakhona le ntsho longwane, i-lymphocytes iguqulwa ibe yi-lymphoblast ezinkulu, ezinokukwazi ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko baba ngababulali be-lymphocyte (iiseli ezibulala), ezivimba ukufikelela kumzimba wentsholongwane engozini. Oku kubonisa ukukhubazeka okukhoyo kwesi sifo.

I-leukocytes ifunda njani ngokusungula intsholongwane emzimbeni?

Kwiiseli zomntu ngamnye kukho inkqubo ye-interferon, eyinxalenye yesifo esingenangqondo. Xa intsholongwane ifakwe emzimbeni, i-interferon iveliswa - into eprotheyini ekhusela iiseli ezingenasifo kwi-virus. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-interferon isebenza i-lymphocytes, ababulali, enye yeentlobo ze-leukocytes. Ukusuka emnzini wethambo, apho kuvela khona i-leukocytes, baya kwiiseli ezisulelekileyo kwaye ziyabatshabalalisa. Kule meko, ezinye iintsholongwane kunye neziqhekeza zazo ziphuma kwiiseli ezonakalisiweyo. Iipilisi eziphosiweyo zizama ukungena kwiiseli ezingenasifo, kodwa i-interferon ikhusela la maseli kwisingeniso sayo. Iintsholongwane ezingaphandle kweeseli azivumelekanga kwaye zifa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukulwa neentsholongwane nge-interferon system

Kwixesha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ii-virus ziye zafunda ukunqanda inkqubo ye-interferon, eyingozi kakhulu kubo. Impembelelo enamandla kuye inomkhuhlane wegciwane. Oku kuninzi ukuphazamisa le nkqubo yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (HIV). Nangona kunjalo, zonke iirekhodi zaphula i-virus ye-Ebola, ekhusela i-interferon inkqubo, ishiya umzimba ukuba ungaphepheli phambi kwenani elikhulu leentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Ukusuka kwipeni, i-lymph nodes kunye nezinye izitho ezisemagunyeni omzimba, apho i-leukocyte yenziwe khona, iiseli ezintsha ziyavela. Kodwa, engayifumananga impawu malunga nokutshatyalaliswa kwegciwane, ayisebenzi. Kule meko, umzimba womntu uqala ukutyhila ubomi, izinto ezininzi ezinobuthi zenziwe, imithana yegazi iyaqhaqhaza kwaye umntu uphuma egazini. Ukufa kubakho rhoqo kwiveki yesibili yesifo.

Yaye xa kukho ukhuseleko?

Ukuba umntu uye wabuyiselwa kwesinye isifo kwaye wabuyisela, ke unesifo esipheleleyo esifumanekileyo, esinikwe ngama-leukocytes amacandelo ama-T-lymphocytes kunye ne-B-lymphocytes. Ezi i-leukocytes zenziwa kwintsipho yethambo ukusuka kwiiseli zesifo. I-immunity immunity ikhula emva kokugonywa. Ezi i-lymphocytes ziyazi kakuhle intsholongwane ekhoyo emzimbeni, ngoko ukubulala kwabo kuyinjongo. Intsholongwane ayinakuyinqoba le mqobo inamandla.

Ngaba i-lymphocytes yokubulala ibulala amangqamuzana abe yingozi?

Ngaphambi kokuba ubulale ibhokisi eliyingozi, kufuneka ulifumene. Ababulali bama-lymphocyte bazama ukukhangela ezi seli. Zikhokelwa yi-anti-anti-anti-antigen (i-anti-compatibility antigens) ezise-membranes. Inyaniso kukuba ukuba intsholongwane ingene kwiisel, ke le nqwelwana yokuzinyamekela kwimizimba iyazigweba ekufeni kwaye njengoko iphosa "iiflegi ezimnyama", isayinisa ukungena kwintsholongwane kuyo. Le "flegi ye-black" yinkcazelo malunga negciwane elitshaweyo, elikulo hlobo leqela lee-molecule likufuphi kwee-antigens ze-hertocompatibility. Le ngcaciso "ibonwa" ngumbulali we-lymphocyte. Elikwazi ukufumana emva koqeqesho kwi-thymus gland. Ukulawula kwiziphumo zokufunda kunzima kakhulu. Ukuba i-lymphocyte ayizange ifunde ukuhlukanisa iseli eliphilileyo elivela kwisigulane, yona ngokwayo ilawulwa yintshabalalo. Ngeendlela ezinzima, kuphela i-2% ye-lymphocyte yokubulala, eshiya i-thymus gland ukukhusela umzimba kwiiseli eziyingozi. Xa i-lymphocyte isungula ngokucacileyo ukuba iseli isifo, iyenza "injection engumonakalo", kwaye iseli lifa.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-leukocytes inendima enkulu ekukhuseleni umzimba kumagciwane kunye neeseli ezibi. Lawa mabhinqa amancinci angabikho amandla okukhusela umzimba-inkqubo ye-interferon kunye ne-immunity. Bafa kakhulu emzabalazweni, kodwa ukusuka kwipeni, i-lymph nodes, i-bone marrow, i-tonsils kunye namanye amalungu omzimba, apho i-leukocyte ifana nabantu, inqatshelwe yintsholongwane yamasanda esandul 'ukulungiswa, ekulungele, njengabo baqala ngaphambili, ukunikela ubomi babo egameni Ukulondoloza umzimba womntu. I-leukocytes inikezela ukusinda kwethu kwindawo ezaliswe nenani elikhulu leebhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo kunye neentsholongwane.