Bone nomongo: iiphazili balindele ngumphandi

Xa uqala kuqala, igama umzimba lizwe, kuba umongo angenayo imisebenzi ingqondo. Kodwa igama kusengqiqweni ngokupheleleyo ngokusesikweni, njengoko ingqondo engqongwe ngabantu amathambo lukakayi, kuba umongo ithambo Kwakhona "ezifihliweyo" endaweni eqinileyo. Maxa wambi abantu abanayo ingcamango ecacileyo kakhulu isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi yale fomu. Makhe zama ukulungisa ngayo kweli nqaku.

Ubunzima lilonke umzimba efihliweyo emathanjeni ayikho encinanana njengoko kubonakala kubantu abaninzi - abaninzi kangangoko-4% kunobukhulu, nto leyo ithetha ukuba umzimba womntu umyinge (70kg) ubunzima yena 2.8 kg - bekuthi.

Bone umongo kukuba kweentlobo ezimbini. Enye yezi ntlobo ethetha ngqongqo, umzimba ayikwazi kuqwalaselwa, nangona maqhezu ethile ngokobunzima 2.8 kg. Esithetha ngayo umongo ithambo olulubhelu. Enyanisweni oko iiseli ngamanqatha. Kodwa kukho uhlobo omnye histology ngokuhlangeneyo ingqalelo umzimba eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yokuba exakeke ngumsebenzi obufihlakeleyo hematopoiesis.

Kutheni wasebenzisa igama elithi "ingumnqa"? Isibakala sokuba igazi ngqo iintlobo akhutheleyo iiseli esiqwini twisiseka. Kwaye engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Lithethe ityala ngokwakho: iseli eqhelekileyo walhule izihlandlo ezilishumi kuphela, kodwa iiseli stem akukho zithintelo enjalo, njengoko kungekho mntu somhlaza. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto umhlaza kutheni exhaphakileyo ezinomongo wamathambo?

Usuku apha owawubumbela iiseli igazi isiqingatha billion entsha, akumangalisi ukuba ubunzima umzimba mkhulu kakhulu. lomongo wethambo Red inikezelwa kakuhle kakhulu neempahla yegazi, nto leyo abayinqobo ukuba ubonelelo lwamanzi, iiseli ezintsha kuza kwegazi jikelele. Kukho kwakhona lelinye lamaziko kwenkqubo emithanjeni - yinxalenye inkqubo esebenzayo omzimba.

Kakade ke, kule umongo ebomvu akhiwa lymphocyte kuphela. Ngoko ke, iintlobo ezintathu iiseli zenzeka: umqolo ezimhlophe ebomvu kunye zegazi. erythrocytes Red wafumana, "ukukhathazeka" ukuthwala umoya, emhlophe - ezimhlophe zegazi iiseli-kuzo (kubandakanywa lymphocyte) kunye zegazi - iiseli ajongene igazi ekunqandeni, ezinceda umzimba kwiimeko ukopha.

Ayizizo zonke iiseli zomzimba kujikeleza apha emzimbeni. Inani Huge kubo ngenxa ubuxoki ixesha kuloo umongo wethambo. Eneneni, kukho amaxesha 50 ngaphezulu neutrophils (leukocytes buka) ngaphandle kwegazi, udakada nesibindi. Oku "iqembu ekhethekileyo 'ukuba vigilantly isikhusela Ukungena kwamagciwane thina. Abasabela nangoko kwaye kuqala ukushiya umongo, ukuhlasela utshaba. Kukho ngokoqobo "kutya" utshaba, oku kubizwa ngokuba phagocytosis.

Ngaphambi kokuzalwa ukuveliswa usana kwiiseli unoxanduva esibindini. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, iinkqubo hematopoietic (igazi amalungu ezenza) ukuba damped apho, kwaye kuphela ukuba umongo ebomvu imini nobusuku usebenza ekudalweni iiseli stem egazini. Imveliso esuka kule umzimba, ukuba kuza umsebenzi elekhtrons, oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba a ingxubakaxaka ngokukhawuleza kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okulungisa loo meko. Ngoko ke, izifo okukhulu kwegazi baphathwa kakubi kangaka. Emva kuhlwayelwe umongo ithambo ayikho nzima - nzima ukuba amalungiselelo ukuze wanamathela. Siyazi ukuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, yaye ngokukhethekileyo ungquzulwano ngamnye engaphephekiyo. Ngoko ke, zama lokususa lomongo wethambo kuphela ukusuka izalamane ekufuphi.

Ekuzalweni, inkoliso umongo - ebomvu, isiqingatha omdala sele wajika ebengezelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezizodwa, umzimba unika umyalelo - kunye lomongo wethambo etyheli ngesiquphe bomvu kwakhona. Njani? Yinto imfihlelo - kwaye ilinde ukuba zihlolwe. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo igazi, equka ingamathambo ingqondo yomntu unzima kakhulu yaye izele iimfihlelo. Yezinto ezininzi ezenziweyo, nakuba bikho okungakumbi kutyhilwa kuthi.