Biography Griboyedov: izibakala umdla. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Griboedove Aleksandre Sergeeviche

UMdali comedy elimnandi "Yeha evela Wit", nto leyo koko dismantle nje ngenxa kuchaphulo olu. umhlobo esingelwe phantsi le Decembrists, akungumlonjikazi kunye namazwe cleverest. Kwaye konke oku uAleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov. Biography isishwankathelo usoloko iqulethe inkcazelo kuphela phezulu. Kwakhona ziya kutyhilwa ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso ezisemthethweni eziye yaqinisekiswa amaxwebhu agciniweyo. kwafuneka banyamezele lo mbhali ukuba zingaphi. Amahla ndinyuka, oliqhophololo kunye zamehlo, amava yangaphakathi kwaye, kakade, thandanani umfazi wakhe.

Umbhali elizayo Griboyedov. Biography. photo

kanye Imbali wokuzalwa Griboyedov nangoku alaziwa ukuba lithetha ukuthini. Ukuba uthatha iintlobo data buqu, okanye umkhondo iirekhodi Alexander, ngoko nangoko siba umahluko kakhulu imihla. Ngoko ke, umhla wokuzalwa ayikwazi kubonisa ncam, naphakathi malunga namawaka asixhenxe anamanci asithoba-sesihlanu asithoba.

Ngaphezu koko, biographers abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Griboyedov waba ongekho. Kungenxa yoko le nto imihla ezingachanekanga ukuze yokuzalwa onke amaxwebhu igciniwe. usapho kanina ngabom wafihla le nyaniso. Ngaba kamva bamfumana ehleli umntu lowo wayifihla ihlazo wentombi, wathabatha umntwana wakhe. Kwakhona ifani Griboyedov yaye omnye wobudlelwane amahlwempu.

Unina noyise umbhali enkulu

Umntu imfundo encinane, enkulu umhlala, uyise kamva kunqabile kakhulu wabonakala entsatsheni, wakhetha ukuhlala ezilalini. Kukho enikelwe ngokupheleleyo zonke iintsizi ikhadi ixesha bakhe olusele kakhulu ubutyebi bakhe.

Unina Alexander sasingakwazi lady izityebi onesidima iyaziwa kuphela e Moscow, kodwa ngenxa kwindawo yayo Mhle nomdlali. Umfazi ngundlovu kakhulu kwaye ezibukhali, kodwa abantwana babo engqongwe imfudumalo kunye nokhathalelo, kwaye kananjalo wabanika imfundo enkulu ekhaya. Rhode Kwathi evela Lithuania, bakudinisa igama Grzybowski. Kwaba kuphela kwinkulungwane yeshumi, usapho wafumana igama Griboyedov.

biography Rich Griboyedov, izibakala umdla nobomi umbhali yenza ubuntu bakhe nokuba kungummangaliso kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba sijonge isifundo yayo.

kwiminyaka yokuqala umbhali elizayo

Alexander ebuntwaneni wafunda iilwimi ezininzi kunye, ke, isiFrentshi. Wafunda ukudlala ipiyano. tutors bakhe ootitshala ezaziwayo-kakuhle - Petrozilius ukuba University eMoscow yaba kwiikhathalogu zamathala eencwadi. Ke Ion melly Ivanovich, owayefunda eMoscow, kwaye bokuqala abafumana sobugqirha yakhe kwiYunivesithi Kazan. A okulandelayo ukukhulisa Griboyedov kuphela ekhaya, kodwa izikolo neeyunivesithi, benza ezaziwayo-kakuhle uprofesa Boulet. Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni umbhali elizayo yafudukela kwizangqa ngendlela ethile. Yena, kunye nodade wabo kunye nonina wayedla ngokutyelela amagama umkayisekazi kunokuba ezaziwayo-kakuhle Hmelity, apha kwiphondo ESmolensk.

Ngaphezu koko, Griboyedovi ntsapho ezinxulumene amagama indumasi Odoevsky, Roman-Korsakov, Naryshkins. A thando yakhokelela kakhulu uluhlu olubanzi ungunyana wabanumzana eyinkunzi.

Qala ukufundisa Alexander omncinane

Ngowe-1802, Alexander wangena Moscow eyunivesithi yasehostele, ukufumana apho amabhaso eziliqela zokufundisa, kwaye nanye iminyaka abe umviwa of philology. ukufunda ngenyameko Sciences ezininzi.

Konke oku ibhayografi zobutsha kuphela Griboyedov. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ubomi umbhali ngesithuba kamva. Inye kuphela ekufuneka kuqatshelwe - kukuba, nangona ukukwazi kwawo kwancamisa ukufunda, Alexander ugqiba ukuba azinikele ukuya emkhosini.

Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni

Ukuqala zibakala 1812 buqu Griboyedov ezinxulumene ngqo umsebenzi emkhosini. Ekuqaleni, yena abhalisela kwi webutho ka Saltykov, ochithe zonke ziyakweyela kwiphondo Kazan, kwaye abakhange wahambisana umkhosi. Emva kokufa Count lo webutho saqhotyoshelwa umyalelo General Kologrivov. Kwaye Alexander ufumana ukuze mkhosi wakhe, eyaba obukhulu Begichev. Yaye ukuba ilungu idabi elinye, Griboyedov ibhatyi kwaye ifika eSt Petersburg.

Iyazazi ngezangqa kumabala emidlalo kunye noncwadi

Impela ngobomi umdla Griboyedov iqala ukusuka kwinkonzo e State College, apho wayedibana odumileyo Kuchelbecker kunye Pushkin. Kwangaxeshanye, yena uqala ukunxibelelana ekuhlaleni kumabala emidlalo kunye noncwadi.

Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1816, Alexander yaba lilungu le-Masonic Lodge, eziquka Pestel, Chaadaev kunye nentloko elizayo chancellery komlawuli Benkendorf.

Iindidi ngamayelenqe yeqonga abazithandayo - konke oku kuquka ezinye biography Griboyedov. olunika umdla ngayo eli xesha ebomini yokuba umbhali ingxelo ukuba ebandakanyeka ebalini ezimbi ezinxulumene dancer Istomin. Ngenxa yalo, zokucwangcisa phakathi Sheremetyevo kunye Zavadovsky, leyo eyaphela ngo kukufa yokuqala.

Oku kwanefuthe kakhulu umbhali elizayo, uhlala e St. Petersburg, loo marhe baba nje amandla, ukusukela waqalisa ukusasaza kuye ukuba pimp kunye lavaka umzi. Kwaye ka-Alexander Griboyedov, ngobomi ogama olugqibeleleyo malunga sobukhalipha kunye nesibindi, nime nako.

A uhambo oluya eCaucasus

Ngelo xesha, imeko yezimali yayisiba kakhulu Griboyedov nonina, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba acinge nzulu ngekamva lakhe. Ekuqaleni kuka-1818 i-Embassy Russian kwamiswa kwinkundla wasePersi. Ke Alexander ufumana ukuqeshwa entsha kuNobhala. Kakhulu wathabatha kwindawo entsha kwaye uqala ukufunda ngokunzima Persian kunye Arabic, kwakunye simazi iincwadi ezahlukeneyo waseMpuma.

Ukufika e Tbilisi, Griboyedov nangoko inxaxheba Kungquzulwano Yakubovich, kodwa ngethamsanqa akukho namnye wenzakala. Ngaphezu koko, kwaoko bamelene manixolelaniswe naye. Kungekudala, Alexander uba darling Jikelele Yermolov, phakathi kwazo incoko rhoqo ngokweemvakalelo ukuba kube nefuthe elikhulu Griboyedov.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi e Tabriz

Ngowe-1819, i-mission Russian efika kwindawo yokuhlala, leyo elise Tabriz. Apha Alexander wabhala imigca yokuqala odumileyo 'Yeha evela Wit ".

Yaba ngeli xesha uba ngobomi Griboyedov, anika umdla kakhulu umdla esixelela ukuba umbhali, nakuba yomsindo yamaPersi, yakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhululwa amajoni Russian in inani labantu asixhenxe ndibase kummandla Tbilisi. A General Yermolov wada thaca imbasa ukuya Alexander Pushkin.

Griboyedov apha wahlala de 1823, becaphula imfuneko yonyango lwexesha elide. Wathi yena, elingumthombo, baqhubeka ukuba bafunde iilwimi oriental nokubhala "Yeha evela Wit", nto leyo ndawo kangangoko ekudaleni, ukufunda umhlobo wakhe Kiichelbecker. Ngoko ke wazalwa umsebenzi kuphela ayaziwa, kodwa kwincwadi engobomi bomntu omtsha: umbhali Griboyedov kunye umdali enkulu.

Amazing

Ngowe-1823, ngoMatshi, Alexander wabuyela eMoscow ndidibana nomhlobo wakhe Begichev. Kuhleli endlwini yakhe, ukuba baphile baze baqhubeke ukusebenza umsebenzi wakhe. Ngoku indalo yakhe sifunde kwizangqa boncwadi, yaye isikhulu Vyazemsky wabhala vaudeville ebizwa ngokuba "Ngubani na umzalwana, udade ngubani na, okanye liyinkohliso inkohliso."

Emva koko, umbhali waya eSt Petersburg ngokukodwa ukwenzela ukufumana imvume ukupapasha indalo zabo. Ngelishwa, akuzange kube lula ukupapasha imveliso ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ezinye zicatshulwa ziye zapapashwa, nto leyo ebangela udaka ukugxekwa.

Ke kaloku Alexander wayefunda comedy yakhe kwizangqa obugcisa, ufumana ezona iimvakalelo ezintle. Kodwa nangona unxibelelwano olukhulu, kwaye wasilela sikhathi comedy.

Ngoko ndazihlaba azalwe umbhali omkhulu Alexander Griboyedov, ogama engobomi ngoku eyaziwa phantse wonke umfundi.

Decembrist Alexander Griboyedov

Kodwa ke uvuyo mpumelelo ingaka zange kube kudala, Griboyedov kakhulu waqalisa ukutyelela iingcinga ukudangala, kwaye ugqiba ukuba uhambo ukuya eCrimea, azivelele Kiev.

Alexander wadibana apha kunye nabahlobo bakhe - Trubetzkoy kunye Bestuzhev-Rumin, abangamalungu kuluntu ofihlakeleyo Decembrists.

Ngoko nangoko sinengcamango ukubandakanya Alexander, kodwa wayengenamdla izimvo zopolitiko, yaye waqhubeka ukonwabela ubuhle iindawo ndifunda zonke iintlobo ezinika. Kodwa uxinezeleko angazishiyi kuye, yaye ekupheleni kukaSeptemba Alexander wajoyina kwecala General Sonya. Apha wabhala umbongo wakhe, "umhlaseli kwi Chegem".

Kungekudala kwanikelwa ingxelo Yermolov ukuba Alexander kufuneka kulibazisa ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwimvukelo, yaye ngasese waxelela lo mbhali. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, ukubanjwa kwenzeka phofu. Ngoko ke wazalwa Decembrist Griboyedov. Biography emfutshane kodwa ibuhlungu. Xa ndiqukumbela, Alexander wachitha malunga neenyanga ezintandathu, yaye emva koko akazange wakhululwa kuphela, kodwa abamenyiweyo ukuba ulwamkelo kukumkani, nto leyo wacela olungamampunge inceba ngenxa yabahlobo bakhe.

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa umbhali, emva wombhodamo isisu

Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni 1826 umbhali idumileyo awayehlala kwelo lizwe Bulgarin. Oku ingakumbi xesha kunzima, yaye Griboyedov, ngobomi kunye nobuchule le mihla azele buhlungu kunye ubuhlungu maqabane zabo aqhutyiweyo kunye elubhacweni, bagqiba ekubeni bafudukele eMoscow.

Apha lingena angqingqwa iziganeko. Yermolov wagxothwa ngenxa yokungabikho nobuchule phantsi womkhosi, noAlesandire ikhutshelwa inkonzo Paskevich. Amaxesha amaninzi, Griboyedov, umbhali kunye imbongi, ngoku abafumana maxa umkhuhlane kunye nokuhlasela luvo.

Ngelo xesha, Russia, Turkey zijongene imfazwe eMpuma wayefuna ngonozakuzaku yobungcali. Phambili, Kakade ke, Alexander, nangona ukuba wenze konke okusemandleni ukuba up. Nto yandincedayo.

Kuzo zonke iincwadi ikhankanya Griboyedov (biography, ifoto kunye nezinye iinkcukacha, nto leyo enxulumene ebomini bakhe), akunakwenzeka ukufumana naziphi na iinkcukacha malunga nokuba kutheni le ndoda abanetalente wathumela kangaka ngokukhawuleza kule, yingozi, umsebenzi kuye. Ngaba oku ukumkani revenge ngabom ukwenzela inxaxheba imvukelo, apho amangalelwe ngayo? Ngapha koko, kuvela, nakuba isiphetho Alexander wayesele ekufanele bayifumane.

Ukususela ekumiselweni kwakhe kule ndawo Griboyedov liqalisa moping ngakumbi, ilindele kufa. Nkqu nabahlobo bakhe, waqhubeka wathi ukuba kukho engcwabeni lakhe. Kwaye ke wesithandathu Juni Alexander washiya St. Petersburg ngonaphakade. Kodwa e Tbilisi uya kuba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kakhulu. Watshata Princess Chavchavadze, naye lowo waziwa iminyaka emininzi yaye esazi naye njengomntwana.

Ke kaloku umfazi oselula ihamba Griboyedov, asoloko wabhala iincwadi nabahlobo, ezele epithets emangalisayo malunga Nina layo nomfana wakuyo. Xa umbhali Tehran ifikile leholide uNyaka oMtsha, ekuqaleni yonke into yahamba kakuhle. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba kukho imbambano malunga ababanjwa, ungquzulwano yaqala, yaye ngoJanuwari 30 kule ndawo, apho kwakukho ngumbhali enkulu kunye namazwe wahlasela iqela labantu axhobileyo, ngokukhuthazwa ngabefundisi-Muslims.

Ngoko wabulawa uAleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov, engobomi kunye nobuciko wophula yonke ngequbuliso. Kwaye uya kusoloko kuhlala ilahleko yazo.