Ukuvuka. Ingaba elungileyo okanye embi?

Xa inguqu statistical, ukufudukela - inkqubo isixhobo yophuhliso lwedolophu. Lubonakala luhlumo intsimi kunye nokwanda kwenani labantu. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane eziliqela, ingqiqo lisetyenziswa njengesicwangciso-qhinga sophuhliso lwamazwe zalathisi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo-qoqosho kunye neenkqubo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezidolophini - inkqubo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo: kwezopolitiko, uhlanga, ezoqoqosho, ngokwasengqondweni, inkolo, njl Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19, bekukho itsolo ukwanda ekukhuleni kwiidolophu abemi kuyo. Ukuba ngo 1800 inani abemi ehlabathini lonke yaba-5%, ngo-1980 eli nani linyuke nge izihlandlo ezisibhozo.

"Ukuvuka" - definition kwekota yokuqala ukuvela eSpeyin ngo-1867. Yintoni eyabangela le nkqubo? Kwinqaku lwentlalo-bulumko lwembono, ukufudukela - lo inguqu ukusuka zemveli ukuze yoluntu kwi-mveliso omtsha. Ukwanda kwenani labantu ezidolophini kungenxa inguqu zokuhlala zasemaphandleni zibe uhlobo zasezidolophini, ukuyilwa izixeko amatsha kunye yokufuduka. Kweminye imizi emikhulu, ukukhula kwamanani oluntu yi waphawula hayi kuphela abahlali kwimida, kodwa nangenxa abafuduki basemzini, ngokufuthi mthethweni. Kwakhona, ngokuba izixeko ezininzi emsebenzini ezithile, xa abemi engqongileyo indawo esendleleni kweli ziko.

izigaba abafudukela

Ixesha lokuqala ubhekisela iinkulungwane 18-20 Azigubungele ekuphuhliseni amazwe Intshona Melika kunye neNtshona yeYurophu. Ngeli xesha, ukufudukela kubangele kwenani labemi ukusukela-5% ukuya kwi-13%, inani abemi linyuke nge-180 yezigidi. Man. Isizathu yaba nkqubo lobukoloniyali iBritani kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Ithuba lesibini lisukela emva ukususela kwixesha kwemvume impiriyali (1900-1950 gg.). Lubonakala yi linyathelo esebenzayo mveliso kumazwe amaninzi, ukukhula kwizixeko ezikhulu. Kangangeminyaka engama-50, inani abemi kunyuke nge-100 lamawaka. Man.

Isigaba sesithathu ubizwa ngokuba 'ehlabathini. " Ukususela ngenkulungwane yama-20, ngeli xesha ngokusondeleyo ezinxulumene revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Oku kwakhokelela, kwinqanaba entsha qualitative yemveliso kwimizi-mveliso namanye amashishini amaninzi.

ezidolophini Modern - yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo jikelele ehlabathini lonke. Ichaphazela ikakhulu imizi emikhulu, leyo uhlala ubuncinane 500 lamawaka. Abahlali.

imisebenzi

KweZiko nokumanya - esasaza inkcubeko kunye yokuphila lawo umzi kothiwa kususela embindini ukuya kumaphondo.

Umehluko. Ekuhambeni yophuhliso kwiindawo ezithile ukuze kufikelelwe inkcubeko zokomoya eziphathekayo aloo mzi, phakathi kwabo kukho imisebenzi ethile kakhulu kwaye ezizodwa.

Ngenxa impefumlelwano iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala (iilali, imizi kunye agglomerations), ukwandisa kakhulu amandla olulungisiweyo kwiinkonzo zentlalo, nokuphuhlisa yokomoya kunye nenkcubeko eziphathekayo.

Noko ke, ukufudukela omabini nemikhuba emibi. Olu uphuhliso olungalinganiyo kwizixeko i engundoqo neuropathy, ungcoliseko, uxinezeleko kunye nokuphazamiseka engqondweni ngokusekelwe elandayo ukuxinana indawo elungiselelwe imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yabantu.

Kukho kwakhona into yokuba "ezidolophini wobuxoki" - yenye iimpawu imeko kumazwe asakhasayo. Ngenxa nobuninzi yeendawo zasemaphandleni kunye nabemi bawo, ishiya namadlelo, kunyanzeleka ukuba afune indawo entsha kwisixeko yokuhlala. Kulo mzekelo, inani lemisebenzi ayanelanga ukuba ingqesho yoluntu. Abahlali, efikile kuloo mzi, lujoyine abangasebenziyo, yaye awunazo izinto ezininzi kubo lwezindlu kubangela elinephepha ntofontofo kunye nococeko olunqongopheleyo.