Self-kuqhube anti-moya weapon "Shilka". ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"

Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini zokuqala emva ngenqwelomoya yayo intshayelelo sele butho ukuloyisa. Kakade ke, ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukuvela kuthetha ukulwa ukuhlasela iyingozi. Nkqu elula iinqwelomoya ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II kuyafuneka aphikisayo amaqela umonakalo omkhulu. Oku kwalandelwa eSpeyin, Abyssinia, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezininzi, kudala kunye nokusetyenziswa moya, iziqhushumbisi, ngokufuthi indawo ukuzikhusela okanye kwiilali ngoxolo ngaphandle kokujongana uxhathiso. Noko ke, inkcaso kakhulu Aviation yaqala ngo-1939, xa kwakukho iMfazwe Yehlabathi Wesibini. Zokudubula izixhobo air zokhuselo waba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Amaninzi, ingxaki iphambili imikhosi komhlaba baba moya ukuhlasela utshaba ukusebenza undizela ephantsi, ebangela zokuqhushumbisa echanekileyo. Le meko iye hayi ngokwesiseko kwatshintsha kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo.

Kwimvelaphi yezembali i "Shilka" Ingcamango

Sele eko ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX, abaninzi iingalo abenzi, silindele nemfuno ekhulayo, sisebenzele ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokudubula eliphezulu-uqina, eyenzelwe ikakhulu yokulwa ekujoliswe umoya. Ngenxa yoko, baba kukho imizekelo imipu amancinci-ukuvuleka kwi izixhaso uqoqo mayixhotyiswe ngesetyhula neendlela ejikelezayo. Imizekelo iquka indlela German imipu umatshini anti-moya FlaK (olufutshane Flugzeugabwehrkanone), owamkelwa Wehrmacht ngo-1934. Baqala ngexesha kwiminyaka emihlanu lwemfazwe ziphuculwe rhoqo wavelisa amanani amakhulu. Eyona idumileyo baba "Oerlikon", eziqulunqwe Switzerland (1927) kwaye sifakwe ngawo onke amaqela alwayo ukuya Second World War. System wabonisa ukusebenza eziphakamileyo izitshanguba-moya yokuhlasela moya banyanzelwa ukuba lusebenzise iyenzeka. Ezi guns okukhawulezayo-ukuvuleka ngokuqhelekileyo 20 mm ezishiyanayo ubude iCartridge (ivolyum ixhomekeke lokuqala Velocity iziqhushumbisi kwindawo ekukho izingxobo, kunye noluhlu yiyo maximum). Ukwandisa izinga isicelo iphumelele iinkqubo multicore. Ngoko ke kwavela i lomqondo jikelele apho wadala ngokongezelelweyo anti-moya weapon self-ngokwaso eSoviet "Shilka".

Kutheni anti-moya gun self-ngokwaso rapid-badubula

Kule 50 kwabakho rocketry, kubandakanywa anti-moya. ekuhlaseleni ngobuchule moya kwesimo, ngaphambili wayeziva abazithembileyo isibhakabhaka yomnye, ngesiquphe ndiphulukene nokungafumaneki zabo. Kakade ke, uphuhliso ngenqwelomoya wahamba ngeendlela ukunyusa izinga yophahla, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala phezu kwizithuba utshaba Isiphango baba engakhuselekanga. Noko ke, ngendlela ethembekileyo ukuthintela kukutyundyutha imijukujelwa air zokhuselo, yaye oko aye kweli qondo iyenzeka kakhulu. Ekupheleni 60 anti-moya zokudubula eSoviet Union ibingakulungelanga ukubonisa izithonga ze iinqwelomoya yotshaba ebhabhela indlela flat ngesantya esiphezulu. Ixesha lokuphendula yayincinane kakhulu, kwanomntu ne "wamanqindi" ikhaliphe fastest ayikwazanga emzimbeni ube nexesha ukuvula umlilo, yaye ngakumbi ke ukuba ukubetha ithagethi, wabanekelwa esibhakabhakeni kwimizuzwana. automation ezifunekayo zokukhangela oluthembekileyo. Ngowe-1957 umthetho ofihlakeleyo iBhunga labaPhathiswa of ekuqaleni umsebenzi sele iqaliswe yokuseka umpu rapid-mlilo entabeni. Safika kunye igama: anti-moya weapon self-ngokwaso "Shilka". Kwaba lula: ukuba bayile kwaye ndiwakhe.

Yintoni ZSU kube?

ukuba iimfuno zobugcisa ezintsha kuquka ezahlukeneyo izinto, phakathi apho kwakukho ezininzi ezizodwa ukuze gunsmiths zethu. Nazi ezinye zazo:

- flak "Shilka" kufuneka abe radar eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ukubona moya ezikhohlakeleyo.

- ukuvuleka - 23 mm. Yena, ke, encinane, kodwa wabanjwa yokulwa yangaphambili wabonisa ukuba izinga eliphezulu eqhekekileyo kwentlawulo komsipha inokuba kakuhle onakalise, kwanele ukuba Nokwethisa wokulwa nako bomashini umhlaseli wakhe.

- Njengenxenye yale nkqubo kufuneka ibe isixhobo esizilawulayo, lo algorithm ivelisa kokulandela ekujoliswe ngexesha badubula, ezikhokelela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka istroke. Ukuba sicinga isiseko element kwenkulungwane XX phakathi, kungekhona umsebenzi olula.

- Ufakelo "Shilka" kufuneka esingazihambeliyo, ukukwazi ukuhamba phezu ezimbi ngaphezu nayiphi na itanki.

gun

Le zokudubula eSoviet Union ukususela ngexesha Stalin yaba intle ehlabathini, ukuze yonke oluchaphazelekayo "komboko", imibuzo sazi ukuba lilixa lokugqibela. Yaqhubeka kuphela ukukhetha uhlobo kangangoko mechanism bamthethela (eyona yathatyathwa tape). gun oluzenzekelayo 23-mm ukuvuleka "Amur" ARQ-23 kunye "yokusebenza" ezihamba 3400 RDS. / Min. I ezifunekayo kobubi kulwelo kwanyanzeleka (isinqandi kunye namanzi), kodwa eneriseka ngayo. Nayiphi ekujoliswe kumgama owela ngaphakathi kwama-km 200 m ukuya 2.5 Babenethuba encinane okusinda, ibetha kwisiphambuka emehlweni. Komboko afakelwe inkqubo sinjalo, ulawulo isikhundla sabo esebenzisa drives hydraulic. Kwakukho guns ezine.

Apho ukubeka eriyali radar?

Sol-23 "Shilka" ngokokwakheka akhiwa icebo classical ukuba kuliwe gumbi, basafunda aft, kunye transmission angasemva enokususwa inqaba. Ezinye iingxaki kwavela ekupapashweni-eriyali radar. Phakathi komboko niyibeke ke, ezingenangqondo, izahlulo zesinyithi ibe isisitheliso maza ekhutshwa kwaye ezifunyenweyo. isikhundla lateral isongelwa uphazamiseko ngomatshini le "isosara" yi intlokoma ezithi zenzeke ngexesha badubula. Ngaphezu koko, xa iimeko zemfazwe strong ngekhompyutha (uphazamiseko bembonisa) iye linikwa ithuba yolawulo ngesandla nge ejolise phambi gunner kunye radiator yoyilo ezinokuvalela imboniselo. Ngenxa yoko, i-antenna inokuwa yaye bayibeka phezu gumbi amandla nangasemva.

Yinjini kanye

Chassis abolekwe PT-76 Itanki ukukhanya. Oku kuquka amavili indlela emithandathu kwicala ngalinye. Dampers torsion, imibungu kunye bushings ngerabha, iintini kuba nokhuselo ukuguga kwexesha.

Injini ngenkani (V6R) umthamo seelitha ezili-280. a., kunye ejection injini. transmission speed-Five, inika uluhlu-30 km / h (in kunzima namageduka) ku-50 km / h (umendo). Ingami uluhlu ngaphandle yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi - up to 450 km / h xa zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwiitanki.

Ukufakela imemori 23 ibonelelwe nenkqubo oluphuculweyo air ukuhluza equka inkqubo labyrinthine of umnqongo i ungcoliseko negesi hlula zeemoto olongezelelweyo.

ubunzima Zizonke kumatshini - tonnes-21, kuquka iinqaba - ngaphezu kweetoni eziyi-8.

izixhobo

izixhobo Electronic, nto leyo lixhotyiswe self-ngokwaso anti-moya weapon "Shilka", zadityaniswa kwinkqubo yolawulo umlilo enye RPK-2m. Inkqubo Isakhiwo radiopribornogo iquka radar (1RL33M2, ndawonye kwi ityhubhu element isiseko), kwi-kwibhodi kwikhompyutha (ngexesha ekudalweni ngokuba izixhobo zakhe isampula computing), inkqubo yokhuseleko ekuphazanyisweni, angeli Eyogcino optical.

Le nkqubo inika ukukwazi ukubona iithagethi (kumgama-20 km), yokulandelela yayo oluzenzekelayo (ukuya kwi-15 km), utshintsho kwi rhoqo othwala pulses xa kuthe jamming (hexe), ukubala yemida umlilo ukuphumeza hit eliphezulu namaqokobhe lilonke. Le nkqubo unako ukusebenza ngeendlela ezintlanu, kuquka unkqaya uququzelelo yenjongosenzi ukumisela iithagethi zayo umhlaba ring elungelelaniswe kunye zokudubula.

unxibelelwano lwangaphandle lwenziwa ngonomathotholo P-123M, engaphakathi - intercom AKA-4.

yobudala Advanced namava

Self-kuqhube anti-moya weapon "Shilka" adopted sele Bole isiqingatha leminyaka eyadlulayo. Nangona yobudala ihloniphekile enjalo izixhobo anti-moya, ezine elinesibini ithi usenalo kuyo yokugcina imikhosi yayo exhobileyo. Lo mkhosi wakwaSirayeli, ngowe-1973 wafumana imiphumela emibi moya zabo neziqu ezine le kwitshaja, siyaqhubeka ukusebenzisa mbelukazi amathandathu wathimba eYiputa, kunye enye eyongezelelweyo ezithengwe kamva. Ukongeza republic yenza eSoviet Union, eSoviet imipu anti-moya ulungele ukusebenzisa xa imfazwe, abaninzi amazwe e-Afrika, lelaseAsiya liphela nelimiweyo Arabhu. Abanye babo babe namava yokulwa yengqesho kweenkqubo air zokhuselo, ixesha ukwenza ukulwa abathile kuMbindi Mpuma, yaye Vietnam (kunye nokuphikisa hayi buthathaka). Kukho abanye imikhosi zamazwe yangaphambili Warsaw Pact, kunye nobungakanani omkhulu. Kwaye ababa: si kai-23 naphi na, yaye akukho mntu ubiza kwakudala okanye isiqhulo olwahlula izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha.

Langoku namathemba

Ewe, kungekhona JNA olungileyo "Shilka 'endala. guns Anti-moya babeyihamba nokuphuculwa eziliqela, ijonge ukuphucula intsebenzo kunye nokwandisa nokuthembeka. Uye wafunda ukwahlukanisa moya zabo kwabasemzini, ndaqalisa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, elektroniki wazuza iibhloko ezintsha kwi kwisiseko into mihla. Le yokugqibela "uphuculo" waba ekupheleni koo, ngelo xesha, kuyabonakala ukuba, yotshintsho isakhono yale nkqubo ndidiniwe. Xa indawo i "Shilka" kuza "Tunguska" kunye nezinye izixhobo kukhuhlwe, okuye amathuba emibi kakhulu. Modern ukulwa ntaka arhabaxa i si kai-23 akukho umgama ekhoyo kuye. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe, inkqubela ...