Kwicandelo Industry: iintlobo, ukuhlelwa, ulawulo kunye economics. Eyona engundoqo amacandelo ezoqoqosho

ilizwe nganye kwifama yayo. Kuyinto ngenxa kwishishini makasizalise mali, wenza iimpahla, iimveliso, izinto eziyimfuneko ekrwada. The degree of yophuhliso lizwe ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke ukusebenza kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Liphakamile iqulunqwa kuyo, kokukhona amandla ezoqoqosho zeli lizwe kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, umgangatho wokuphila abemi balo. Industry-phambili ulawulo lwezoqoqosho ukwenza amalungu ezizodwa. Amaninzi amashishini ngobuchule ebalulekileyo olawulwa ngurhulumente.

Ingcamango yokuba kumacandelo ezoqoqosho

Onke amashishini, imizi-mveliso, amaziko bekwi ekwenziweni iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zohlobo olufanayo, yenza ezithile ishishini. Amaxesha amaninzi, icandelo kushishino abasebenza ndawonye. Basebenzisa kwimveliso kwabo izinto, izinto, izixhobo kwezinye amashishini. Onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini. Okokuqala ishishini lemigodi. Oku abakule nezokukhupha izimbiwa kunye nezinye iintlobo ekrwada. Kananjalo apha ziquka intlanzi kunye nemveliso. Udidi lwesibini - ishishini lemveliso. Olu hlobo libandakanywe phambili zonke iintlobo zempahla ekrwada. Eyona engundoqo amacandelo ezoqoqosho - ukuba nje ushishino, ezolimo, ulwakhiwo, inkqubo yezothutho. Nabo ke, yahlulwe kwezinye sub-ntlobo.

ummandla eRashiya

Eli lizwe ukusasazeka lwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa. Yiyo loo nto isebe Russian kuqoqosho zenza imimandla zoqoqosho ezinkulu ezimbini: eMpuma Koloni. Owokuqala idibanisa eSiberia, kwiMpuma Ekude kunye luphawulwa koovimba eninzi kwezibonelelo. Apha esilawulwa kushishino lwezimbiwa. Inxalenye ekwintshona akanayo isiseko resource enjalo. Ngako oko, icandelo kushishino kakhulu phambili. Kulo mmandla ukuba kuqwalasele 2/3 kuzo zonke iinkalo zoshishino.

Amacandelo ezoqoqosho. ngezigaba

Kuxhomekeka yintoni injongo lwemveliso, ishishini, amaqela "A" kwaye "B". Eyokuqala ukwenza yokwenza izinto zokuvelisa, okwesibini - iimveliso yabathengi. Kananjalo kwahlule phakathi imveliso kunye nonproduction sphere. Amacandelo zoqoqosho ezinxulumene kwicandelo industrial :

• imboni;
• ezonxibelelwano, izithuthi;
• ezolimo;
• amaHlathi;
• wokwakha;
• catering.

Zonke iinkonzo, iinkonzo zoluntu kwenza kwisigaba non-production:

• ezempilo;
• imfundo;
• eziluncedo;
• zobugcisa, inkcubeko;
• ezemali, zomhlala-phantsi;
• Science and t. D.

Gas, neoli, ishishini amalahle

Amafutha kunye namandla entsonkothileyo kweli lizwe - a Isalathisi ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso kunye amathuba ezoqoqosho. kushishino Gas iquka ukuhlola kwamabala gesi, imveliso yawo, uthutho kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukuze kuveliswe igesi yendalo ayibizi kakhulu. Umzekelo, iindleko amalahle imigodi lidlula iindleko zokuvelisa gas ngaphezu izihlandlo ezili-10. Ishishini oyile ufuna iidiphozithi, imveliso kunye nokunikezelwa kwe-oyile. Kwenzeka babesomba kunye negesi yendalo. Ezibiza kakhulu kwishishini amalahle lo. Stone, amalahle emdaka into geni emigodini. La macandelo ezoqoqosho zifuna ukuba utyalo-mali olubonakalayo mali, ngokunjalo inani elikhulu lwabasebenzi.

amandla ombane

Kuba amafutha kunye namandla zintsonkothile kwaye ziquka ukuveliswa nokusiwa lwamandla ombane. Oku eziveliswa zizityalo wamandla oshushu, nuclear kwakunye nezityalo ngamanzi. station Tshisa ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa kwegesi, amalahle, umgquba okanye oil amafutha. Xa ke ebushushwini babo yokutsha amandla iguqulelwa amandla ombane. Kunxweme imizimba ezinkulu zamanzi ukwakha isikhululo samandla kagesi. iindleko zemveliso ye ombane zithe kakhulu. Ukuba le ndawo akukho imilambo, kunye noninzi ezinkulu zepetroli, izityalo amandla enyukliya yakhiwe. Umsebenzi wabo usebenzisa ores uranium. amafutha e kakhulu ngaphantsi. Enye inzuzo ukuqina - ekulondolozeni nokusingqongileyo okucocekileyo. Igama entsha eneji - izityalo amandla Ingquzu. Basebenzisa ubushushu lwangaphakathi komhlaba (imi kufutshane mlilo).

yokunyibilikisa isinyithi

Branch kuqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi (kuquka Russia) ziquka ukuveliswa zesinyithi ahle and non-ayoni. Ikhetha umjikelo insimbi ezipheleleyo (intsimbi, intsimbi, saliqengqa) kunye nehagu apho kungekho yentsimbi. Kwi indawo yolu hlobo kuchaphazela ukufumaneka kweencwadi nezinto ezilungiselelwe ekrwada kunye namandla. Branches kuqoqosho Russia bekwi ukuvelisa zentsimbi kunye waliqengqa intsimbi - enye iinkokeli zehlabathi. technology metal lemveliso non-ayoni lineqela iimpawu. Okokuqala esikrwada geni, ngoko kukho iyileyo. mxube Evelisiweyo, metal ekrwada. Ukudlulisela iimpawu ezifunekayo kunye parameters yokusebenza ukusulungekiswa i luyenziwa. Bekela bucala ukuvelisa enzima (nickel, ilothe, nebhekile) kunye nokukhanya (aluminiyamu, titanium) isinyithi. Insimbi zesinyithi enzima kuyinto material-olunzulu: imveliso ithani ngentsimbi kufuna ezimbalwa kweetoni ezilikhulu nsimbi. Inkoliso yezi iinkampani zibekwe kufutshane imithombo izinto ekrwada.

engineering

Iinkampani obunjineli boomatshini kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo inani lezinto: ukufumaneka kweencwadi nezinto ezilungiselelwe ekrwada kunye nomthengi, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakhulu, izithuthi elilungileyo kunye nendawo wejografi. Oku kuquka macandelo alandelayo ezoqoqosho: Ushishino lweemoto, imoto isakhiwo-, iinqanawa, iitrektara. Kwakhona kolu didi ihlanganisa isixhobo, ukuveliswa zombane zasekhaya kunye neekhompyutha elektroniki. Ishishini kananjalo inxaxheba ekwenziweni iinxalenye kunye namacandelo.

Enterprises iinkuni, amashishini chemical

Ukuveliswa imboni yokugawulwa sidibana yonke imihla. Le nencwadi, kunye nempahla, kwaye ngaphezulu. Ugodo icandelo leshishini bekwi ukuqokelela, ukuhlela kunye okutsha imithi. Amaxesha amaninzi ezi amashishini ezikwiingingqi kunye Ukutyala olukhulu zemithi. kushishino Wood silwenza amacandelo zokwakha eyenziwe ngomthi, ngamaplanga, ifanitshala. Kwakhona, le ndawo kuquka ushishino maplanga le. iifama Intlama nePhepha kushishino avelisa iphepha, ikhadibhodi, yintlama, ukubotshwa ngaphezulu kwephepha. Bekela bucala neshishini nentlaka. Oku ukwenza yokwenza izinyibilikisi, methanol, imveliso haydrolisis. kushishino Chemical kubandakanya ukwenza zomzimba, idayi, iiplastiki kunye noshishino ipeyinti. Kwakhona kule entsonkothileyo iquka yezemithi, ukuveliswa zokwenziwa eziphilayo, imichiza zasekhaya.

yesebe kwezolimo

Ezolimo yinxalenye Kubalulekile kwezoqoqosho, enyanisweni, ibonelela abemi kunye nokutya. Olu didi yahlulwe ukufuywa kwezilwanyana kunye nokulima zonke iintlobo zezityalo (iziqhamo, imifuno, iinkozo kunye nezityalo mveliso, njalo njalo. N.). abavelisi bezolimo ngubani zivunywa izilwanyana - beenkomo-yokuzalela (inyama, uhlobo iimveliso zobisi), iigusha, iinkukhu. Kukwakho efama ezikhulayo iihagu, amahashe, intlanzi, izilwanyana ezinoboya-langa. Ukufuywa nayo yenye yeendawo imfuyo.