Volgograd HPP: ulwazi ngokubanzi

Volzhskaya HPP ungamandla amanzi isityalo likhulu kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Okwangoku, nguye yinxalenye ombutho "RusHydro 'ukuba isebe of Rights. Le iqhele esi sakhiwo omangalisayo phakathi Traktorozavodskoy District of Volgograd nesixeko yayo satellite ekuthiwa Volzhsky. Isebenza le mveliso kwiqela lwezikhululo srednenapornyh uhlobo channel.

Xa wakha Volgograd isikhululo samandla ngamanzi kwi USSR?

Isigqibo malunga ukwakhiwa kwale mveliso sathathwa Agasti 6, 1950 Ngale mini, Stalin isalelo ye-USSR iBhunga labaPhathiswa ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa emantla Volgograd amandla ngamanzi hayi ngaphantsi kwe million 1.7 kW.

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo ebalulekileyo kwaba:

• Eziwudibanisayo 130 MCM ³ yokwemba;
• uqoqe 5462 amawaka ^m3 betonokonstruktsy .;
• 85 amawaka imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Ezisebenza ezahlukeneyo.

Imizobo kunye namacebo amandla ebesiqulunqwe yi elinanye Research Institute phantsi kwesikhokelo umbutho "Hydroproject". Ukwakhiwa lwento ezibalulekileyo ezifana kwisikhululo samandla ngamanzi Volgograd, awayezibonakalisa ifoto kwiphepha, ngo-1951 Ngo-1958 ezintathu iyunithi yokuqala ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi ezaqaliswa, yaye ngowe-1962 abasebenzi sikhululo eqokelele yokugqibela - 22th. Izixhobo zokwakha lwesikhululo samandla ngamanzi liyithumele iinkampani ngaphezulu kwama-1,500 ukusuka kwizixeko 500 kweli lizwe.

Inxaxheba ekwakheni zonke-union kunye nenani elikhulu labantu abaqeqeshiweyo lweenkangeleko ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke USSR. Ngomhla ukwakhiwa izityalo umbane abaqeshwe amalungu angaphezu kwe-10,000 i Komsomol kunye 20,000 amabanjwa Achtubinskiy ITK. I-avareji somvuzo wenyanga abasebenzi ngu 329 engange.

Iimpawu design

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule Volgograd kwisikhululo samandla ngamanzi siquka:

• gryazespusknikom edamini eziphathekayo kunye ubude 725 m;
• ukwakha isikhululo kunye nezibonelelo trash - 736 m;
• ukungcola edamini Fluvial - 3250 m;
• edamini nezikhukhula washiya yibhanki kunye zokuphuma ezintathu ubude nendlela ejelo km 5.6.

Ukongeza, intlanzi-elabelwe ubume station kunye iVolga-Akhtubinsky channel. Kwezakhiwo aphehla na ngezithuthi kwaye kaloliwe. izikhululo izakhiwo Pressure benza Volgogradskoye ndawo. Ummandla wale mithandazo 3117 m ^2, umthamo - km ³ 31.5. Ubude iphezulu Volgograd amandla kagesi (dama eziphathekayo) - 44 m.

ukusebenza isikhululo

Power HPP yi 2587,5 MW. Eli nani liyi- elikhulu kakhulu. Okuphindwe Volgogradskaia HPP avareji 11.1 bhiliyoni kWh umbane. Basic iiyunithi hydraulic nkqo kwisikhululo elibekwe 22. Power ezilithoba kubo 115 MW, isibhozo - 125,5 MW, ezintlanu - 120 MW. units Onyuswe kumagumbi ahlukeneyo ngababini. Kwi leri iintlanzi kukho omnye sisityalo esincinane olu hlobo 11 MW. Iyonke station umthamo Ikholveti yi 63060 m ³ / s.

Indima kuqoqosho lwesizwe

ukwakhiwa okucwangcisiweyo Volgograd amandla kagesi, phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela yayikukunika umbane kwiziko RSFSR yommandla iVolga kwaye ezinye kwimimandla ekumzantsi kweli lizwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sityalo ngomnye iinqaba eziyintloko Emanyeneyo Energy System of Russia. Xa iziko ke sithumela 500 kV DC, iVolga - 220 kV kunye kwimimandla ekumzantsi - 800 kV.

Ukongeza kwisikhululo samandla usombulula ezinye iingxaki zophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ngokukodwa, oko uMenzi ichibi asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela imihlaba eziyimiqwebedu elingasempumalanga iVolga kwaye i lweCaspian kukudakumba. Ukongeza, kagesi kudala lula ukuba indlela izitya indlela ukusuka Astrakhan ukuya Saratov.

zikaloliwe bezingahanjwa kwavula isikhululo dama ibonelela ngekhonkco imfutshane phakathi imimandla kwingingqi iVolga. Ngelishwa, emendweni ngoku rhoqo kwemikrozo yeemoto. Yonke le umba kwi izakhiwo ezibolayo kweli dama kwaye imfuno ukulungiswa rhoqo. Ngethamsanqa, emva kokwakhiwa kwebhulorho enkulu phezu iVolga River umthwalo ndawo osemendweni abapasa idama zehla kancinci.

okuchithwa

Njengoko naliphi na isikhululo kwi Volgograd amandla kagesi, ngexesha snowmelt wavelisa idreyini amanzi agqithisileyo ukusuka edamini. Ixesha oku kuthatha kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kuchaphazela Igrafu obhobhozayo amanzi Volgograd HPP kakhulu zizinto ezifana isixa ehlukanisiwe ngexesha lasebusika kwezulu ubunzulu kunye ukunyibilika kubo.

Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2016 le nabantwana isityalo esaqala ngayo ngo-Aprili 22, kwaqhubeka de-16 Meyi obandakanya wonke. Inqanaba eliphezulu ekumpompozeni kwamanzi Volgograd HPP wayeneminyaka 27 000 m ^3. Xa iyonke, ukusuka ichibi ke amanzi phezu iikhilomitha cubic 100. Ukususela ngowe-17 Meyi iindleko amdaka ngokuthe sehle (malunga nama-1000 ^m-3 ngosuku). K 20,05 bafika inqanaba malunga nama-23 000 m ^3.

Qho ngonyaka ulawulo HPP uzama ukwandisa idreyini amanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ixesha elide. Inyaniso kukuba ukungabikho kwayo ekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, nzulu kukwaphulwa ukuzinza kwemvelo kule ndawo. Ukuba amanzi emthonjeni HPP azakuvuyela kancinane, phakathi kwehlobo kwingingqi yonxweme koMlambo iVolga iya koma amachibi, imisele Erik. Volgograd HPP luhamba ukunciphisa nokukutshelwa ulawulo wayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yaye uthintele ukutshatyalaliswa elunxwemeni. Ngaphandle ukuphumla Ishedyuli ngawona ikhuthaza imveliso zidala iintlanzi ezisemlanjeni.

HPP Lighthouse

Njengoko omnye izakhiwo ezininzi wamazwi zenkulungwane yama-20, isikhululo samandla ngamanzi Volgograd, Kakade ke, utsala abakhenkethi abaninzi, ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle. Le mbono ongengowale ndalo iyamangalisa ngokwenene. Ngokukodwa, ngexesha ukuphinde usete amanzi emthonjeni.

Ukongeza kule HPP kakhulu ekhokele idla ukucebisa abakhenkethi ukutyelela kwisikhululo lighthouse, sise kwesango esemazantsi. Inikezela ngelona imbono eyodwa koMlambo iVolga ngokwayo, umzi siqithi. It iyabonakala ngokulula ukusuka iinqanawa kunye looMawokhulu lesikhumbuzo.

imiba yokusingqongileyo

Kakade ke, ulwakhiwo Volgograd amandla ngamanzi bazisa uqoqosho lwelizwe nibabalwe kakhulu. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye ekwakhiweni kwayo, ngelishwa, sabangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo yendalo kunye iVolga kunye nemimandla eselunxwemeni. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, idama ngamanzi umgwaqo besasaza intlanzi kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ingakumbi azichaphazeleki koku Russian Intlanzi, ukutya, herring iVolga. Ifumaneka kwi kwisikhululo iintlanzi sifikelele ayahlukanga ekwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye inikeza intlanzi indlela hayi ngaphezulu kwe-15%. On sturgeon kunye nentlanzi yomile, besasaza kwimimandla esezantsi omlambo, ulwakhiwo izityalo lombane, ngethamsanqa, phantse ayiphazamiseki.

Njengaye izityalo nayiphi na enye, Volgograd amandla kagesi, seyihlatywe amadlala yi kwezenkolo kuquka into yokuba kuthatha isixa esikhulu umhlaba olimekayo.

emzaneni yanyamalala

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa iVolga ndachithelwa, inxalenye yayo kuqwalaselwa HPP, lakhukuliswa eziliqela zokuhlala. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, xa kusakhiwa zesityalo Rybinsk phantsi kwamanzi washiya isixeko samandulo Mologa, nto leyo kule mihla lidla ngokuba Soviet Atlantis. 249 ngoko iyala ukushiya le lali kwaye, kakade, ilahlekile. Le iiripoti ezithunyelwa abasemagunyeni eziphezulu, kamva kwaqatshelwa ukuba "wabandezeleka breakdowns luvo," oko kukuthi, kakhulu nje, abagulayo ngengqondo.

Ngexesha ekwakhiweni Volgograd amandla kagesi, ukuba iye ivele inani elikhulu kwimizana. Umzekelo, indawo apho abantu kwafuneka yeqondo eliphantsi, yaba ilali Meadow Proleyka. Ngexesha Battle of Stalingrad yaba kwilali ekufutshane Ezomva amabutho Soviet. Oku wagcinwa yinxalenye Air Force 8 kunye nezibhedlele ezine. Emva kokuba kwakhiwe kwilali ngamanzi yafudukela kwenye indawo, apho kukho namhlanje.

Phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwakukho iprojekthi phantsi apho hydrostation ebekumele ukuba yakhiwe kufutshane nedolophu Kamyshin. Ukuba kwaphunyezwa, amanzi ukuba yinxalenye gone isixeko Saratov, Engels, Volsky kunye nabanye. Ngethamsanqa, ingqiqo kweyisa ngoko, waza wakha Volzhskaya HPP apho namhlanje. Akukho mzi xa ukwakhiwa yayo ayizange nezikhukhula.

anika umdla

Ngexesha ekwakhiweni Volgograd (Stalingrad) HPP okokuqala eSoviet Union ukuba impahla lift iye isetyenziswe. Kamva obu bugcisa nakanye asetyenziswe ekwakheni kwezinye izityalo amandla.

Zalisa ukwakhiwa into ebalulekileyo ezifana Volgograd amandla kagesi, kwacetywa ngexesha irekhodi - kwisithuba kwiminyaka emi-6. Kodwa enyanisweni ekwakhiweni kwayo lathatha iminyaka eli-11. ixesha elide ikakhulu ngenxa kokufa kukaStalin. Ngapha koko, lwagqitywa kwezemisebenzi ephambili yokwakha. Emva kokufa inkokheli ngo-1953, uninzi lwazo kwafuneka baseLimpopo.

million 140 cubic meter umhlaba unyulwe Xa ukwakha Volgograd HPP abakhi. Ukuba kwakufuneka zihanjisiwe ngololiwe, ngoko ke wathabatha ukuya kwizigidi 8 iimoto. Kule ndawo kwedama ukuphuphuma xa kwakusakhiwa HPP oko zilinganisiwe umaleko ngodongwe m 12 zamafu.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu phambi komnyango nedama ezi ngongoma amapolisa ezendlela, abakhi na lesikhumbuzo, kwakunye ngokujingisa ileyibhile isilumkiso malunga nokuthintelwa photo neevidiyo. Ukwenza le ehla dama ayivumelekanga.

Namhlanje, i HPP luhlala ithagethi ebalulekileyo, kube nempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho karhulumente kunye nentlalo-ntle yabemi imizi Volgograd, Kamyshin, Volzhsk, njalo njalo. D. Zonke kwakwenzeka iinkqubo kwisikhululo njengoko ngaphambili, inshorwe yi-media. Oku kusebenza ingakumbi some emanzini. Funda xa ukhupha ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwi Volgograd kwisikhululo samandla ngamanzi okanye inani ezicwangcisiweyo kwama ukufunyanwa kuqala, umzekelo, kungaba lula ukuba zombini amaphephandaba kunye ezikumaziko ewebhu iindaba online zendawo.