Dayi ukungena welds: iimpawu kunye nenkcazelo

Umgangatho welding bubonwa yindlela oluqinileyo wajika joint. Kulo mzekelo, udibaniso ulawulo kufuneka non-invasive, nto leyo eyenza iinkosi emva kotyando ukuba isicelo iindlela ezizodwa lokuhlolwa. Kwezinye iimeko, kuvunyelwe kunye noviwo lwangaphandle ngaphandle kwezixhobo, kodwa kwimeko sezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo kufuneka mazingapheleli uhlolo olubonakalayo. Oku zingahlonyelelwa ngedayi welds umthondo - enye kwiindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo, lula kwaye zithembeke uhlalutyo olubanzi iikhompawundi ezifana.

Iimpawu ze nendlela yokuqinisekisa

Le ndlela zovavanyo welds libhekisela capillary, kodwa aqwalasela ngokukodwa ukuxazulula lwangaphandle. Oko kukuthi, ukuba akavumeli ukukhangela ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi kwindawo joint, njengoko kuchasene, umzekelo, xa Ubhaqo obubangela cuke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimvavanyo ezo phantsi metal, sinotyekelo genge. Ukongeza, le ulawulo umbala likuvumela ukuba ukuchonga ngempumelelo asakhasayo discontinuities kumphezulu.

Ngokubhekiselele kumgaqo verification, livela kwi-ethe-intsimbi ukuze banxibelelane izinto penetrant elimbala. Ngokwahlukileyo kohlalutyo inkolelo ethandwayo neenkcukacha ilawulwa, isebenzisa akukho iimpawu workpiece komhlaba, kunye neenguqu nomsindo kwinwebu ubume wemichiza. Ngomhla iinkqubo indlela uhlolo penetrant iikhemikhali neyeengubo usekelwe, nto leyo evumela ukwenza ulwazi malunga notshintsho kunye uphume ukubonelela idatha kwi iintsilelo eziqatshelweyo intsimbi.

indlela ngokwalo njengoko eso kunqabile kusetyenziswa yedwa. Kudla kusetyenziswa kuvavanyo entsonkothileyo jikelele - kunye ultrasound. Okokuqala, kufuneka sihlolisise umbala, kunye nokuhlola ke cuke.

izinto efakiwe

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, uhlolo lugqityiwe ngaphandle nokusetyenziswa kwemichiza ezizodwa. iseti Standard ngedayi penetrant iquka iintlobo ezintathu amacandelo: kwizalathisi penetrant, cleanser kunye lomphuhlisi. Oko kukuthi, ulawulo umbala uvakalelo luvuliwe ngenxa unyango kwinqanaba emithathu kwindawo yokusebenza. Kwinqanaba ngalinye izixhobo ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo.

Penetrants - enyanisweni, colorants, leyo ungaboniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona ukusebenzisa imichiza owomileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kufuneka lingeniswe kwaye ezongezelelweyo imisebenzi, unyango thermal okanye oxutywe ezingamanzi. penetrants Ifanele ukuba ethile metal ngedayi penetrant ezipapashiweyo ngokususela kwiipropati yokusebenza eziliqela. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo, ngakumbi, iyawulwa umlilo, kwaye zinetyhefu esingqongileyo, imfuno zokucoca esilandelayo i ngaphandle, njalo njalo. D.

Iimfuno ukuze indawo yolawulo

Ukwenza umsebenzi uhlolo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa igumbi walungisa ngokukhethekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ingqalelo iimfuno isithuba izixhobo zonxibelelwano ukuze iinkcukacha emoyeni, inkxaso yobugcisa, njalo njalo. D. Igumbi kufuneka umoya yaye akukho amadangatye okanye ubushushu namandla. Ukukhanyisa kufuneka jikelele basekuhlaleni, kufutshane kwindawo izibane uqhaqho kufuneka zikhuselwe ebushushwini.

Ukuba ekuqaleni ukuthatha unonophelo wokudala imozulu elilelona - kuphela iimeko kuncomekayo kwenziwa ngokomgangatho umbala penetrant. GOST 18442-80, ingakumbi, ibonisa ukuba umoya kufuneka owomileyo nefudumeleyo - njengoko kuyimfuneko ngokuphumeza ezi mpawu kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa i isifudumezi infrared enika omiswe of umphuhlisi-5 ° C. izixhobo zobuchwepheshe ziza kuxhomekeka nendlela yokusebenzisa izakhi imichiza. Ngokukodwa, ukusebenzisa imipu ezifanayo penetrant lungasetyenziswa, iinkonkxa zokutshiza, iibhrashi kunye t. D.

Lungisa iinqwelwana omhlophe

inxalenye uxhulumaniso ilungiselelwe imisebenzi zohlolo. Ukuba ngaphezulu uthe wavakalisa uburhabaxa okanye yongcoliseko, ungasebenzisa umbandela ocoliweyo, ukuvelisa ukuphathwa lula. Okulandelayo, bamafutha olwenziweyo. Ukuze lo msebenzi, ungasebenzisa enye iseti uhlolo amacandelo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba kubonelelwa isiphumo bamafutha, nkqu ngcono - ukwandisa uvakalelo kolawulo. Akuyi Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise iinjongo ezinjalo, separafini, kodwa ungasebenzisa zepetroli acetone. Ukuba akukho umoya kwelo gumbi, lo bamafutha lwenziwa kuphela ngokusekelwe izisombululo zolwelo of angumgubo synthetic uthetha yoxinaniso eliphantsi. Ukuba uceba idayi namalungu amancinane-ertyisi penetrant, kunokwenzeka ukuba isicelo kunye ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo bamafutha kuqamba. Kwezinye iimeko ubuchule meko okanye kwisiza setekeni, okanye ukusebenzisa ilaphu zifakwe isisombululo.

Ukusebenza penetrant

Isalathisi lokuqala uyasetyenziswa penetrant. Njengoko kwimeko bamafutha, wenze le nkqubo kungenziwa ospeyita ngalo, ukunkqwila okanye ihlamba unyango - kuxhomekeke iimpawu workpiece. Isimemezelo kufuneka yenziwe ngokwemaleko ezininzi (4-6) kunye ukuze maleko ukubunjwa ngamnye elandulela eli akazange ukuba yome ixesha. Kwakhona, ukuba idayi welds umthondo wabonisa japan echanileyo ngeyona ndlela inenzuzo enkulu, umaleko ngamnye uyaphumelela kufuneka indawo enkulu ngokwentelekiso kobokuqala. Oku kungenxa yokuba umaleko ngamnye omtsha inyibilikise ndawo aya elidlulileyo, uphambuke uhambo ngokukhawuleza yaye unokukhawuleza, leyo kujongwe sibange lobuxoki. Ukuba umsebenzi lwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ubushushu ezimbi, ngoko ke penetrant kufuneka ngokwalo abe imeko malunga 15 ° C.

ukususwa penetrant

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuchitha Isalathisi film kufuneka zisuswe kusetyenziswa ngelaphu okanye ngelaphu elicocekileyo, ndingenabo obam ilaphu rough. Pre-yokunyakamisa zokufunda kufuneka ukuba utywala icoce umphezulu phambi kokuba ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ukutyabeka. Iingxaki ezinokuvela ukuba umsebenzi wenziwa phezu kobuso uburhabaxa metal - kule meko iyavakala ukusebenzisa abrasives ukukhanya. Okulandelayo, isicelo umxube oyile-iparafini. Iquka i indawo ekujoliswe yonke, uze ke zisuswe nge ngelaphu okanye kwizihlunu. Kuba nezigaba ezibini uchaze ngedayi penetrant kufuneka agcine ucoceko kunye kome phezu ngeenxa zonke weld. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuchaneka iinkqubo ezinye zolawulo.

developer application

Njengokuba kunjalo ngeengcamba Isalathisi kunye nokwenziwa zokucoca, umphuhlisi ibekwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka kwisihlahla ukuya sprayers. Eyona nto iphambili kweli nqanaba - ukubona ukufana kunye luphila ukutyabeka kwakhiwa. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuze bayitshekishe ngocoselelo izixhobo ukutshiza, nemilomo kunye namanye amacandelo lwezixhobo ezichaphazela umgangatho indlela zonikezelo site ekujoliswe kulo. Konke oku kwixesha elizayo kuchaphazela idayi uhlolo penetrant, kwakunye nomgangatho imisebenzi yokuqinisekisa olulandelayo. Emva isicelo umphuhlisi lwenziwa yi yaphuse. Alinako ukwenza, belinde polymerization endle, kodwa ukukhawulezisa inkqubo uvumelekile ukuba asebenzise izifudumezi kwindawo ephantsi-amandla.

Ukuhlolwa kwendawo elawulwa

Xa developer eyomileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa ngokulinda malunga nemizuzu engama-30. Ngaphezu koko, indlela kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa mkhulu idayi uhlolo penetrant, ichaze ubuncinane ulwando oluphindwe-5. Ukuba into yokuzoba isicelo ulawulo layerwise, uvavanyo ingaqhutywa kwimizuzu emi-2 emva kokuba unyango kunye kumqambi.

Xa kuhlolwa umqhubi oqondela iimpawu indawo esele - ingakumbi, engena imilinganiselo kulindixesha imisele, imilo, njl Noko ke, ingxaki enkulu ebangelwa ngedayi penetrant, kukuba ukubona iziphako kumphezulu ezo ngokucacileyo azibonakalisa emva nkqubo lugqityiwe ... Kungabonwa kunye umonakalo kunye neziphumo onakalisayo of imizila neentanda kunye wokufika ngokugqithiseleyo.

Safety ngexesha lokuhlolwa

Iimfuno amanyathelo okhuseleko ngenxa kumngcipheko lomlilo dubulo ngexesha lokuhlolwa. Ngoko ke imiselweyo ukuba isetyenziswe ifunekayo Wazilungisela izambatho, equka inxalenye yomqhaphu iilokhwe, iiglavu umnqwazi kunye zerabha, umphezulu ekufuneka wambu talc. Enyanisweni, isiza kufuneka zithotyelwe ngokupheleleyo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko. Ngexesha le nkqubo, kufuneka kubekho amadangatye okanye iintlantsi ze. Ukuba enemibala uvavanyo penetrant lwenziwa ngendlela rhoqo kwigumbi efanayo, kufuneka ufakele iimpawu ezifanelekileyo owalela ukutshaya kunye ngokuthotyelwa kwamanyathelo zokukhusela umlilo. Amadlavu, usula kunye nearhente ezinokutsha kufuneka zigcinwe kwisingxobo eliyinjubaqa.

isiphelo

Bekuya kuba yinto ephosakeleyo ukuqwalasela indlela nokuvavanya umgangatho weld njengoko elilelona ngokukhetha it ukusuka kuluhlu lilonke ezinye iindlela. Le ndlela esixhotyiswe ngokukodwa ngqo iimviwo, nto leyo ijolise ekuhlaziyeni kumphezulu workpiece. Okt idayi penetrant ayikho umlinganiselo ebanzi yolawulo, kodwa ukusebenza eliphezulu inika ingcaciso iziphako yangaphandle. Ukuba le ndlela ukongeza ezinye iindlela uphando isakhiwo lwangaphakathi umthungo, ungafumana ulwazi ngokupheleleyo malunga isakhiwo sentsimbi. Okulandelayo isigqibo malunga kunokwenzeka nokulungisa iziphene ezichongiweyo. Kwezinye iimeko, i welding zasesekondari eziveliswa - oko kuya kuxhomekeka kwinani kunye nokubaluleka iziphene ngokwembono azinampembelelo inqaba isakhiwo preform. Zokusombulula Ngamanye amaxesha olu hlobo zisetyenziswa uhlalutyo isakhiwo beentanda ezindala kunye ezitho izakhiwo ukuxhatshazwa.