Indawo yokupholisa amanzi eyimfama ejikeleze indlu: ukuqhutyelwa kwamanyathelo amanyathelo, ukufakwa kunye nezixhobo

Emva kokwakhiwa kwendlu kufuneka ulungiselele imfama. Ukuba akukwenziwanga, izithintelo ezisuka ephahleni kunye neendonga zendlu zilibazisekile, zinegalelo ekuncedisweni kwephantsi. Ukukhusela isakhiwo ukususela kumanzi kunye nokukhusela ukuqokelela kwendawo esekelwe kuyo, izinto ezisetyenziselwa iimpahla ezikhethiweyo zamanzi ziyasetyenziswa. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kummandla oyimfama kuyimfuneko ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukukhusela izakhiwo eziphethe imithwalo, izakhiwo eziphantsi kunye nomgangatho ophantsi kwamanzi;
• Ukunciphisa umthunzi womhlaba kufuphi nesiseko kuphucula iipropati zokumisa ukushisa;
• Ukuthintela ukukhutshwa komhlaba;
• Ukukhuselwa kwesiseko kwizenzo ezibhubisayo zeengcambu zityalo ezimileyo;
• Izambatho zinika isakhiwo ukubonakala kokuhlobisa.

Ngaphantsi kobukhulu bendawo engaboniyo, isalathisi esivumbileyo somhlaba sisuswe, malunga nobubanzi obungama-25 cm, ububanzi bayo bubanzi bubungama-100 cm. Ukungena kwamanzi kwendawo eyimfama ejikeleze indlu , kwenziwa nayiphi na impahla. Ukuba i-overhang ye-cornice ihamba ibanga elide, imfama imele ibe yanzile, ukuze amanzi aphephe kuyo.

Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwimfama: izinto

1. Izinto zokuhamba zifanelekile ukukhuselwa kwephahla: i-geotextile, izinto zokuphahla, i-hydroglass, i-polypropylene, i-rubemast.
2. Ubutywala - ukwenzela unyango lweendawo ezisemgangathweni neziseko zokungenwa kwamanzi: i- mastic, i- tartic, i-tarumin, i-absorbous in compositions.
3. Izinto eziqinileyo: i-asphalt, ikhonkrit, i-cobblestone, i-slabs, i-stone form, njl njl

Iintlobo zemimandla eyimfama ebuninzi

Ukulula ukungena kwamanzi kwendawo eyimfama kuyenziwa ngodongwe. Isasazeka ngeenxa zonke kwindlu kunye nomthambeka ongaphandle, i-rammed, ize ihlanganiswe nezinye izinto, umzekelo, i-gravel, ukuze ingahlambululi ngamanzi.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo, ezi ziimfama eziyimpumputhe ziyakusetyenziswa.

1. Ubuninzi . Iqulethwe ezimbini. Ngaphezulu kwendawo engezantsi yobumba obunamathele (ubude obu-20 cm) bubekwe uluhlu lwamatye adibeneyo obu-10 cm obukhulu. Uhlobo lokungena kwamanzi lulula. Isetyenziselwa ukugalela amanzi ukusuka kwiphahla ngeendlela zokucoca kunye nakwiindawo ezinomlinganiselo omncinci weempompo. Kunzima ukuhamba malunga nommandla oyimfama. Inokuphinda ihlanjwe ngaphandle kwexesha apho udongwe ludla.
2. Ubuninzi obuninzi bokukhusela ukungena kwamanzi. Indawo eyimfama iba nzima. Ukulungele ukukhusela izindlu ngeendawo zokugcina. Umqulu wokungena kwamanzi kummandla oyimfama ubeka phezu kobuncwane obunobumba obunqambileyo phezu kwesiseko, kwaye ke luhlanganiswe ngophahla okanye amacwecwe. Ukwenza uhlaka lube lukhululekile, yenza utywala "udongwe": udongwe, ishidi lokungena kwamanzi, u-5 cm uluhlu lwesanti oluqingqiweyo, i-geotextile, uluhlu lwesitragram ezili-10 cm, i-geotextile kunye nocingo lwe-rubble 10 cm Kwibala eliyinkimbinkimbi, kulungile ukusebenzisa izinto ezizinzileyo ezisekelwe kwi-polypropylene, Iifilimu zePVC, njl

I-paft bulk pavement iyandiswa ngokubhekiselele ekubonakaleni kwezinto ezibhekiselele kumgangatho ophezulu-i-slabs, iitye zokufakelwa, njl. Zifakwa kwisantya, zikhululekile kwaye zomelele.

I-Asphalt okanye i-parkrit pavement

Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okuyimpumpo kwi-konkrete okanye njenge-asphalt kukukhuselwa okuthenjelwayo kumvula. I-groove engama-25 cm eyenziwe emhlabathini malunga nendlu. Umgangatho womsele kufuneka utyunjwe ngokucophelela. Emva koko iifom yokwakha ikhonkrit casting. Kulo mlambo ubeka umgca wetsholongwane we-10 cm ubukhulu. Uxutywa ngamanzi kunye nomhlaba. Uluhlu lwesitrafti-cm 5 cm luyathelulwa kwisanti, ehlanganisiwe. Ngaphezulu kwendlela yokuqinisa.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuzalisa umquba wekhonkti kwisinyathelo esinye ukuze unike amandla amfuneko. Emva kokuba ummandla uphawulwe kwaye umgaqo wenza umthamo we-5-10 ⁰ . Emva kokuqina kancinci kwiiyure ezimbini, isigaba sigqitywe ngefilimu iintsuku ezimbini. Oku kuyimfuneko ukugcina umswakama, okwandisa amandla oluhlu. Iingubo zingaphinde zibe yi-asphalt.

Ukukhonjiswa kwekhonkrithi kungenziwa kwi-slabs ezigqityiweyo. Unempawu ezinjengeyo-jellied one. Ngoku ngoku kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubeka iiplanga okanye ukubeka i-slabs. Kule nto, i-rubble iyadlalwa kwinqanaba lobumbano obunamanzi, kwaye isanti, kunye neengubo ezinzima ziphoswe kuyo.

Ukucinywa kwamanzi kunye namanzi

Utywala luyenziwe ukucima amanzi ngaphesheya kwempumpo. Apha unako ukupaka i-groove ukusuka kwelitye. Ngaphantsi kungenwa kwamanzi. Unokwazi ukumbona kunye kwaye ubeke isitrosi se-asbestos okanye ipayipi yeplastiki. Yenziwa kwintlambo ukuya emanzini kakuhle.

Ungasebenzisa iziteshi ezenziwe ngokulungelelweyo okanye iiteyiti zokuhambisa amanzi kunye neendlovu zokutya eziphezulu.

Isisombululo sesabelo-mali sisetyenziselwa ukucinywa kwamanzi. Ukwenza oku, i-geotextile ifakwe kwi-drain, ezaliswe ngamatye aqingqiweyo, kwaye ihlanganiswe phezulu kunye nengubo efanayo kunye nehlabathi. Ukuvalwa kwamanzi ngaphantsi kweemfama kunye nomlambo wenziwa njengeyunithi enye, ukuze amanzi angangeni emhlabathini.

Iimpawu zokungenwa kwamanzi kwindawo eyimfama

1. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kukhethwa ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko zemozulu zemozulu, imiqathango yomhlaba, ukufumaneka kwamanzi kunye nommandla wendawo.
2. Ummandla ongeyimpumputhe kwindlu engenziwa ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo angenziwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ikhonkrit screed iwanele. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha esinye isigaba esithile sokukhusela indlu siyafuneka ngokusetyenziswa kokucinywa kwamanzi. Kubekwe isibonelelo sokuphakama kwesiseko se-15-20 cm.
3. Ukukhuselwa komgangatho wendlu kuqinisekiswa ukuba isiseko sihlanganiswe ne-bituminous mastic, kwaye emva koko i-roll insulation on it. Ukuba lenziwe ngamacandelwana ambalwa, ngalinye lihlanganiswe kwiindonga kunye ne-mastic.
4. Iziphofu ziyenziwa ngokusesikweni sokungenwa kwamanzi. Zingatyalwa ngokuzimela, zongeze izongezo.

Ukufakelwa kwangaphambili kwesiseko

Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwesiseko kunye nesimfama kwenziwa kwinkimbinkimbi. Indlela yanamhlanje yonyango lweendawo zekhonkrithi kunye namacandelo angenawo aphethe i-portland samente kunye neendiza kunye nezinye izithako zamakhemikhali ezisebenzayo. Ukwenza oku, vula izibonda zekhonkrithi ngokususwa kweengxube ezibuthathaka. Umgangatho kufuneka uhlambulule ngaphambi kokucubungula, kodwa kungabi nakweqile, ngaphandle koko uxwebhu luya kuphazamiseka (kungekhona ngaphezu kweelitha ezingama-5 zamanzi kwi-square meter). Xa uhlaziya impahla, yonke imiyalelo kufuneka ilandelwe. Kubalulekile ukuba ukungenelelwa kuhambelana nomhlobo wendawo. Isetyenziswa ngokulinganayo. Iimpawu zakho aziyi kuyenza kakuhle imisebenzi yazo, kwaye iziqhamo ziya kuphazamiseka. Ukuzaliswa kwezimbobo apha akusebenzi kakuhle, kuba iinjongo zenzelwe ukuphucula izakhiwo zokungena kwamanzi zekrete ngokwazo. Iqumrhu elikhuselayo lizalisa izibonda ngaphandle kokudlula umswakama.

Isiphelo

Nabani na ongenayo izakhono zobungcali bomakhi angenza imfama. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ukukhusela ngokuqinisekileyo isiseko kwimvula. Okubaluleke ngakumbi ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwendawo eyimfama.