I-Gypsum binder: uphawu, iipropati, umveliso kunye nesicelo

Ukwakhiwa kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwe gypsum ezisetyenziswa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho. Baba akumangalisi elide. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abacinga ngayo yintoni ngokwenene Umatshini gypsum, nosebenza njengoko izinto ekrwada kwaye njengoko ingena kuye. Kodwa ukwenziwa izinto zokwakha (udaka, mortars wokwakha, ukutyabeka sheets) kunye namanye amalungu kufuneka ulungiselele kuqala impahla ekrwada. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zezinto ogqityiweyo baxhomekeke kakhulu umgangatho izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Kombono nesakhiwo

Le Umatshini kwezinto gypsum na umoya, nto leyo ibandakanya ubukhulu becala na gypsum dihydrate. Ukwakhiwa gypsum zendalo kwakhona zihambisana acetic kunye nenkunkuma eyahlukileyo amashishini, eziquka calcium kabi.

Eli qela ikwaquka Imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo. Kubume - udaka ka Paris, kwekalika, Ngokufutha ezikweni zeBlack lwesamente.

I ekrwada ezibonakalayo ukuze imveliso zona equlathe sulfates. GOST wayezimisele ukuba Manufacturing gypsum Umatshini zingasetyenziswa kuphela gypsum (ozifezekisayo zonke iimfuno asebenza kuyo GOST 4013) okanye phosphogypsum njengoko ehambelana iimfuno zolawulo.

Iimpawu ze yokuhlanganisa gypsum

isisombululo gypsum kufuneka isetyenziswe de Ukuqinisa yayo epheleleyo. Awukwazi ukuluvusa emva kokuba inkqubo crystallization sele iqalile. Likuxhoxhela kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa iqhina elisandul 'ukusekwa phakathi crystals isakhelo. Ngenxa yoku, isisombululo ulahlekelwa ubuchule yayo imile.

iimveliso ukutyabeka ezi ayangena. Kodwa ke abavelisi anokufunyanwa kule meko. Izazinzulu sele uqinisekile ukuba yokuhlanganisa ongeziweyo ezahlukeneyo gypsum ukuvumela ukwandisa eli nani. Ngako oko, ukwakhiwa zokufunda wongezelela izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo: ikalika, Ngokufutha emhlabeni eziko SLAG, nentlaka urea, ulwelo eziphilayo eziquka lesilicon.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto gypsum ayifuni ukusetyenziswa excipients ezongezelelweyo. Abayi nciphisa, ngomhla kuvela iintanda kumphezulu ngayo. yokuhlanganisa Isichumisi, phezu koko, anda umthamo emva ayengawokuphilisa epheleleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, yongeza chips iinkuni, umlilo, elirhabaxa, udongwe landiswa kunye nezinye izinto.

Enye inkalo - izinto gypsum ukukhawulezisa umhlwa zesinyithi ayoni (lezikhonkwane, izivingco, macingo njalo njalo). Le nkqubo yenzeka ngokukhawuleza nokuba kwiimeko ezimanzi.

gypsum Astringent ngokukhawuleza ukufunxa ukufuma balahlekelwe umsebenzi wabo. Ngoko ke, ebudeni ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kuyimfuneko ukuba agcine eminye imithetho. Elayibrari igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo. Nokuba ngokubhekiselele kulo mthetho, emva kweenyanga ezintathu izinto zokugcina ziya kuphulukana malunga amashumi amathathu ekhulwini umsebenzi wayo. Zokuthutha izinto ninzi okanye zipakishwe kwizikhongozelo. Kubalulekile ukuba awukhusele eluthulini kunye nokufuma.

production

Kuba le nkqubo kufuneka yenze le nkqubo ilandelayo:

• atsho izinto gypsum zendalo;
• wokomisa impahla eluhlaza;
• imiphumo lobushushu.

Isichumisi sidla kulo hopper, apho lingena khona isityumzi. Kukho ityumza alo laziinyama, ubukhulu apho engaphenduli ngaphezulu neesentimitha ezine. Emva ngokukhanywa umbandela ilifti iya bin feed. Ukusuka apho ihla alinganayo ukuya lokusila. Apho ke womile kwaye lityunyuzwe iqhezu elincinci. Iyoma kweli nqanaba kufuneka kukhawuleziswe nokuququzelela inkqubo atsho into.

I-powder lokusila lusitsha ukuze degrees asithoba. Kule meko, oku uthuthwa kwibhoyila gipsovarochny. Oku kulapho amanzi kuwo zokufunda kwinkqubo badubula. Le nkqubo iqala nge lobushushu ephantsi (malunga asibhozo degrees). Kodwa ke amanzi material kungcono ukuya kuluhlu ubushushu ukusuka kwenye neshumi ukuya ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo degrees.

yonke inkqubo yonyango ubushushu yahlulwe nezigaba ezibini. Okokuqala, zingadlulanga iiyure ezintathu zokufunda igcinwe kule digester. Kukho amanzi isusiwe kwaye dihydrate gypsum aguqulwa abe hemihydrate. Lonke eli xesha, kutyatyekwe nangodaka ke ndixoxa ukufudumeza olufanayo. Ekupheleni ngexesha elimisiweyo, iyeza zikwimeko eshushu sithunyelwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-ndlu otshobayo. Yena engasekho shushu ngako. Kodwa ngenxa kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ukwimo apho kuqhubeka inkqubo emzimbeni. Kuthatha malunga omnye imizuzu engamashumi amane. Emva koko, izinto ziyabophelela zithathwa ukuba sikulungele. Kwaye ke ithunyelwa yokugcina kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo.

izinto lukhuni

Ukuqaqadeka kwenzeka yokuhlanganisa gypsum xa idityaniswe namanzi kumgubo lowo wodongwe. Oku kwenza ubunzima ngeplastiki lukhuni kwimizuzu embalwa. Ukususela imichiza uluvo oluthile, kukho inkqubo olubuyiselwe koko kwenzeka kwinkqubo yemveliso. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kuphela. Loo nto hemihydrate gypsum wongeza amanzi ukwenza gypsum dihydrate kweziyobisi. Le nkqubo yonke zingahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu.

Xa gypsum inqanaba hemihydrate lokuqala enyibilikayo emanzini ukwenza umxube of dihydrate gypsum. Dihydrate has a index eliphezulu ukunyibilika. Ngenxa kule ngokukhawuleza kakhulu Ukwanda inkqubo isisombululo. Ngenxa yoko - imvula, nto leyo dihydrate. Ezi amasuntswana sivete ukunamathelana, ngaloo ndlela ukuqala inkqubo sentlalo.

Inyathelo elilandelayo - crystallization. Le ziikristale abangabodwa izinto ukukhula uqala ukuqhagamshelana ibe amathambo olomeleleyo. Njengoko yokoma (ukususwa ukufuma) phakathi ziikristale abe namandla.

Ukutshintsha isicwangciso speed

inkqubo ephilisa uyakwazi kukhawuleziswa okanye, icala, ukuba isantya njengoko kuyimfuneko. Yenza oku ongeziweyo eziza kuqaliswa zibe yokuhlanganisa gypsum.

Iintlobo kwezithako ukuba kukhawuleziswe inkqubo ephilisa;

• ziimveliso ukwandisa ukunyibilika hemihydrate sodium sulfate okanye potassium ityuwa kunye nezinto ezilolo hlobo;

• into eya kuba liziko indlela crystallization: neetyuwa ze phosphoric acid, nakhandiweyo gypsum yendalo njalo njalo kunye.

Kakhulu wayedla gypsum batyumke. amasuntswana zayo zisebenza njengamaziko crystallization kuyo kuya ikhula yikristale elizayo. It luphawulwa kucikizeko gypsum "eminye". Ibhekisela udaka, nto leyo sele usenza isetingi lukhuni ngecalcium sulphide. Loo ingqondo ekunokuthiwa iimveliso eyaphukileyo imibengo.

Slow phantsi inkqubo ngokundimisela izithako zilandelayo:

• ukwandisa test plasticity: kulu solution imithi emanzini, iimela coniferous, ikalika-enamathelayo emulsion, LST njalo njalo;

• Oku kuthintela film akhazimlayo ukukhula leyo kwakheka kwi iinkozo phantsi kwempembelelo hemihydrate gypsum izinto ezifana iboraksi, ammonia, retarder zenziwe ngekeratini, phosphate kunye borates zesinyithi kwealkali, utywala Lilac, kunye nabanye.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo nokukhawulezisa ukuqaliswa kwezithako kuchaphazela ngokungalunganga amandla gypsum. Ngoko ke, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngobulumko, kwaye ufake ngezixa ezincinane.

Ukuzibekela ixesha (enganyangekiyo) kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho izinto zokwenza imveliso, iimeko ixesha kunye nokugcinwa, iqondo lobushushu apho inkqubo uxhulumaniso eziphathekayo ngamanzi, kwakunye nexesha yokuhlanganisa isisombululo.

Too ixesha setting elifutshane lidla ezinxulumene ne phambi kwi amasuntswana dihydrate material apho wahlala khona emva ukudubula. ixesha Ukubeka kuya kwandisa ukuba izinto gypsum nto ukufudumala ukuya malunga amane anesihlanu degrees. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu eziphathekayo ukuze kwandiswe ngakumbi inkqubo, phezu koko, isantya. Elide umxube gypsum omnandi liza kukhawulezisa kwinkqubo yokuqingqa.

Umahluko phakathi ithiyori practice

Uphawu yenkqubo ayengawokuphilisa kukuba gypsum, ngokungafaniyo nezinye yokuhlanganisa ngexesha ukunyuka Ukuqinisa ngumqulu (ukuya kwi pesenti enye). Ngenxa kule ukuxovwa izinto hemihydrate kufuneka ube malunga kane amanzi ngaphezu kufuneka ibe kwithiyori. Imfundiso kuyimfuneko nama-18.6% ngokobunzima eziphathekayo. Ukuziqhelisa, amanzi athatyathiweyo ukufumana isisombululo of ingxinano okuqhelekileyo ukuya ku asixhenxe ekhulwini. Ukuze siqonde imfuno amanzi imathiriyeli limisela umthamo wamanzi ekhulwini ngokobunzima eziphathekayo ukuba yongezwe ukufumana isisombululo of ingxinano yesiqhelo (pellet ububanzi 180 + 5 mm).

Omnye umahluko ilele kulo mkhuba ukuba xa kususwa amanzi agqithisileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokoma kwi pores eziphathekayo akhiwa. Ngenxa yoko, gypsum uphelelwa ngamandla alo. Okususa phuzu yokomisa. iimveliso ukutyabeka omile kwiqondo lobushushu elingadluliyo degrees asixhenxe. Ukuba olunye kwandisa lobushushu ukuqalisa indlela arhente emzimbeni.

Isiphumo lobushushu kwi into efunyenwe

Lib gypsum isamente phantsi lobushushu eliphezulu. Kuxhomekeka ixabiso le lobushushu, izinto gypsum unokuba kweentlobo ezimbini:

• Nizkoobzhigovye izinto kabani imveliso ekrwada adluliselwa phantsi kwempembelelo lobushushu ukusuka kwenye elinamanci mabini ukuya kwenye elinamanci asibhozo degrees. Okubhalwe ekrwada kule meko isoloko udaka ka Paris. Umahluko iphambili yale nto ke ngesantya esiphezulu Ukuqinisa.

• Vysokoobzhigovye (anhydrite) ezithi akhiwa ngenxa lobushushu eliphezulu (ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini degrees). Lukhuni umbandela elide. On ebambe kufuneka ixesha elingakumbi.

Ngalinye kula maqela, nayo, kukho inani izinto ezahlukeneyo afakwe kuyo.

iintlobo Nizkoobzhigovyh of ukunitha

Isichumisi Umatshini kolu didi zibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukwakha ngodaka. Kuba ngokwenza oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ukhethe izinto ekunene ekrwada. Imveliso gypsum ngokuba umsebenzi wokwakha kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa ngendlela aphila ngayo Umatshini kwebanga yesihlanu ngasentla apho intsalela kwi sefu ayikho ekhulwini ngaphezu elinambini. Lokuvelisa iimveliso zokwakha yokubopha efanelekileyo, ibhekisela uphawu ukusuka yesibini ukuya wesixhenxe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ixesha sentlalo kunye neqondo comminution. izinto zokuhombisa ezenziwe ngezinto zohlobo olufanayo. Ngaphandle kwezinto wokudla kunye kancinci usethe. iiplasta Isichumisi zenziwa ezintweni amanqaku 2-25 ngaphandle Umatshini kunye sokusila yomgrayo nekhawulezayo-sentlalo.

• gypsum High ingachazwa ngomnye amabakala amaninzi (kunye indices ka-200 ukuya 500). Amandla kwale nto malunga 15-25 MPA, nto leyo iphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo.

• Ekulolongeni ukutyabeka kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye ihlala eziphakamileyo zikarhulumente uphilisiweyo. Afunyenwe ngenxa yolo iimveliso udaka: ngumngundo yodongwe, izinto whiteware njalo njalo.

izinto anhydrite

Olu hlobo uukuba, yenza izinto ezimbini:

• isamente anhydrite, wafumana kwiqondo lobushushu yokwenza ukuya degrees amakhulu asixhenxe;

• Oestrich-gypsum kuyilwa phantsi kwempembelelo kwi sulfate calcium amaqondo obushushu ngaphezu degrees 900.

anhydrite gypsum ukubunjwa yenziwa ezimbini ukuya iipesenti ezintlanu ekalika umxube vitriol sulphate (ubhedu okanye intsimbi), ukuya pesenti enye, ezintathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ekhulwini dolomite, ukusuka kwishumi ukuya pesenti ezilishumi elinesihlanu zeBlack kuqhuma eziko.

isamente Anhydrite luphawulwa ekuqonda kade (ukusuka imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ukuya kusuku olunye). Kuxhomekeka amandla yahlulahlulwe yaba kumabakala alandelayo: M50, M100, M 150, M200. Cement lohlobo ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo zokwakha. Oku kusetyenziswa:

• mveliso ngcina, ukutyabeka, okanye wamatye ngodaka;

• imveliso eziphathekayo;

• ukuvelisa izinto zokuhombisa;

• nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ubushushu thermal.

Oestrich-gypsum na ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. bamba Slow.
2. Namandla ukuze megapascals mabini.
3. teploprvodnostyu Low.
4. Good sound usambathisa.
5. Ukumelana ukufuma.
6. ukumelana uFrost.
7. A degree encinci deformation.

Le yengundoqo, kodwa akukho ndlela zonke iingenelo ilifa Oestrich-gypsum. isicelo sayo kusekelwe phezu kwezi zalathisi. Oku kusetyenziswa kweendonga udaka, imveliso emarmore ngumntu ekwakhiweni kumgangatho kaMoses, njalo-njalo.

Ulwahlulwa-Umatshini kwiindidi

Iimpawu yokuhlanganisa gypsum ukuvumela ukuba bazohlule babe ngamaqela eziliqela abahlukeneyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ukuhlela eziliqela.

Eli qela ulandelayo zizakubalulwa ukumiselwa kwexesha:

• Group "A". It iqulathe yokuhlanganisa, ezithi wayiqonda ngokukhawuleza. Kuthatha ukusuka imizuzu emibini ukuya elinesihlanu.

• "B" iqela. Ekuqiniseni izinto, eli qela engakuqondi ngexesha imizuzu ezintandathu ukuya kumashumi amathathu. Zibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo esiba izinto.

• Iqela "B", equka yokuhlanganisa ezicothayo-sentlalo. Setting kufuneka imizuzu ngaphezu mabini. Umda eliphezulu ayikho mgangathweni.

Fineness ugqibe ngokuhlala phezu amasuntswana yokugalela. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba ngesihlungulo kunye ubungakanani enemingxuma ka-0.2 mm basoloko yokuhlanganisa gypsum. Standard ikhankanya la maqela alandelayo:

• Erhabaxa besila, okanye iqela lokuqala ibonisa ukuba sefu ihlala ngamashumi amabini anesithathu ekhulwini mbandela.

• komhlaba Medium (Iqela lesibini), ukuba sefu ayikho ngaphezulu kwe elinesine ekhulwini yokubopha.

• uncipha Fine (iqela lesithathu) lucebisa ukuba intsalela kweziyobisi kwikhusi ayidluli ekhulwini ezimbini.

Le nkcazelo iye yavavanywa ukuba amandla flexural kunye ucinezelo. Ukuze wenze oku, isisombululo ukutyabeka yalungiselelwa kunye imivalo 40 x 40 x 160 iimilimitha. iiyure ezimbini emva wokwenziwa, zakuzaliseka iinkqubo crystallization kunye ukuxovwa ngoku, baqale uvavanyo. yokuhlanganisa Isichumisi (GOST 125-79) amandla zahlulwe kumabanga elinambini. Baye ekwandiseni inani ukusuka amabini ukuya kumashumi amabini anesihlanu. Ixabiso uqine, kuxhomekeke kumabanga ezizodwa abayiqokeleleyo itafile. It kungabonakala nkqu iindwendwe.

Basic iparameters kunye neendidi eziphathekayo zingafunyanwa kwileyibhile yayo. Kubonakala ngathi le nto: G-6 ukuya A-11. Lo myalezo iya kubonisa oku kulandelayo:

• gypsum Umatshini-shirt.
• izinto Isitampu (ithetha ukuba amandla megapascals ngaphezu ezintandathu) - 6.
• A - kugqiba uhlobo ngokundimisela ixesha (enganyangekiyo okt ukuzila).
• 11 - ibonisa iqondo esivikivayo (kule meko phakathi).

izinto Scope gypsum

yokuhlanganisa Technology gypsum ukuvumela ukufumana izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Le gypsum ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu kwisakhiwo. Ubungakanani besicelo bayo bangonakala kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa zesamente. Isichumisi Umatshini zinezibonelelo eziliqela phezu isamente efanayo. Umzekelo, ukuba wenze oko kuthatha amafutha ngaphantsi phantse kane. Ngoko anempilo, ukumelana kumlilo, kukho porosity kuluhlu amathathu ukuya amathandathu ekhulwini, ingxinano ephantsi (ukuya ku elinesihlanu lamakhulu eekhilogremu cubic metre). Ezi iimpawu bamrholela kwindawo yesicelo lo mbandela.

isetyenziswa ngokubanzi balutyabeka gypsum. isicelo sayo akuxhomekekanga amabakala eziphathekayo. Sebenzisa Umatshini kunye amasuntswana entle kunye neliphakathi emhlabeni, kwaye kade ukuqonda. Isichumisi idityaniswe udaka kwekalika kunye nesanti. Oku kuphucula amandla yesisombululo emva omiswe. A inwebu udaka phezu uba anencasa nokukhanya, esifanelekileyo yokufeza ngakumbi.

Udaka into enxulumene amanqaku ukusuka G-2 ukuya G-7, esetyenziselwa mveliso panels ulwahlulo, iimakhishithi,-kuthiwa plasterboard kunye nezinye iimveliso gypsum eziphathekayo. ke zona zongezelelela isisombululo ukuvelisa nemixube ngokuba kwindlu ngendlu.

Iiseramikhi, imveliso kunye faience iimveliso kunye iindawo ezenziwe kongezwe gypsum Umatshini ezinxulumene brand ukusuka G-5 ukuya G-25. Le Umatshini kufuneka zihlelwe njengento eqhelekileyo-sentlalo kunye ngezinto ezintle.

Isichumisi Umatshini lisetyenziselwe ukulungiselela isisombululo, esetyenziswa kokungciba zonke iifestile, iingcango, zokwahlula. Ukulungiselela le njongo, efanelekileyo asezantsi kwibanga.

Njengoko kubonakala, iimpawu Umatshini gypsum ukuvumela ukuba usebenzise izinto ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ixesha elide, ukubanda-resistant,,, eco-friendly umzimba izinto ezingatshiyo. iimpawu zayo mfanelo zigqitywa ubulungu kwiqela elithile zemathiriyeli qho ethile.