Emahlamvini Urea-formaldehyde: imveliso, iimpawu kunye nesicelo

Urea-formaldehyde nentlaka ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni, imithi kunye namanye amashishini. indlela Industrial ukuvelisa yokuqala yazo iqale US ngo 1927. Kuba amandla namanzi ukungawi polyesters kunye nentlaka epoxy izinto ezinjalo ngandlel ngaphantsi. Kwelinye icala, kwaye ubenze sitshiphu.

Indlela yokwenza

resin wafumana CFS, nanjengoko sele kubonakala igama, ngenxa polycondensation of formaldehyde kunye urea. Bamele ukunqunyanyiswa non-olunokutsha zolwelo apho viscosity kunye nombala kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwibanga. Ukuveliswa emahlamvini urea-formaldehyde uqobo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa, jacketed kwaye stirrer ethile,. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iyonke iimveliso ezifana kubandakanya amanyathelo ezintathu ezingundoqo:

• polycondensation;

• amafu asidi;

• omiswe.

Le resin polycondensation oluqhutywa an obrak eliphakathi kwi pH isicombululo reaction esilingana 7.5-8. Ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa uya kuqinisekisa ukuba ratio urea izinyo: formaldehyde 1: 1.6-1.9.

Le amafu asidi oluqhutywa imidiyamu pH = 4.5-4.8. Kweli nqanaba, ngenxa yokunyuka ubunzima molekyuli iqala ukwandisa kakhulu ukuba viscosity yesisombululo. еще одну порцию карбамида. Ekupheleni kwale amafu reaction asidi kwi intlaka idityaniswe nenye inxalenye urea. Imali efunekayo weli ibalwa ukuze umlinganiselo izinyo yeekhomponenti kwi isicombululo ngenxa 1: 1.3-1.4. In inyathelo yokomisa i intlaka hlengiswe ukuya amaxabiso ezinqwenelekayo viscosity isalamane. продукт охлаждают и модифицируют с целью снижения его токсичности. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela imveliso lupholisiwe kwaye elungisiweyo ukunciphisa letyhefu yayo.

Ububanzi bokusebenzisa

Urea-formaldehyde intlaka isetyenziswa (Formula N = CH2 C = O kunye NH2 HOCH2NH C = NH2) ungakwazi ekuveliseni:

• Fiberboard kunye particleboard;

• ngamaplanga;

• putties, iipeyinti kunye ivanishi;

• Ukufuma iphepha ukumelana kunye paperboard (ukumitha);

• amagwebu.

карбамидоформальдегидная (КФ-МХ2) в бурении . Kwakhona wayedla urea intlaka (kf-MX2) in kusombiwa. Kule meko isetyenziswa njenge oluludaka base lwesamente. Le yokugqibela, zibuye zibe umxube viscous ezinokuthi lukhuni ngokukhawuleza emoyeni. slurries Cement zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekufumaneni istili nokukhusela kuyo umhlwa.

CFS Clay-based

Xa amashishini zoshishino zokusebenza kwifomu yayo enyulu lunqabe kusetyenziswa CFS. Kakhulu eqhelekileyo kakhulu yeyona nto iphambili njengoko lisetyenziswe bokuchwela urea nentlaka glue. Iintlobo eziphambili izinto ezenziwe ngokusekelwe CFS, kukho ezintlanu:

• EC-B - fast ephilisa ngcina;

• CF-O - injongo Jikelele (umxholo formaldehyde hayi ngaphezulu kwe 0.25%);

• Kf-MT - ephantsi ezingenabungozi, ezisetyenziselwa imveliso fiberboard kunye particleboard;

• Kf-F - kunye nokusebenza kwalo;

• Kf-BZ - idibanisa iingenelo uphawu EC-B and kf-F.

Quick-CF-B yokuncamathelisa ngamashishini zokusebenza yoshishino ikakhulu kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa ngamaplanga nefanitshala iibhodi ingaphakathi koomatshini olunye-kweminwe. imveliso Malotokischny CF-O lisetyenziswa kwi ezininzi kuphela kuncanyatheliswe iphepha. Kwakhona, le iglu zingasetyenziswa ekwenziweni ngamaplanga. Ichipboard kunye fiberboard kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo akwenziwa. Kuba imveliso amacwecwe ezisekelwe chip okanye ifayibha imveliso lisetyenziswa uphawu CF-MT.

Iglu kunye nokufaneleka eliphezulu ugqibelele loqhakamshelwano zonke iintlobo ezithile ifanitshala. Plan kwezinye iimeko nazo zinokusetyenziswa ngayo ukomeleza imihlaba buthathaka. yokuncamathelisa Universal kf-BZ ngokuqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa ngamaplanga nefanitshala. Kwakhona, ukuba ingasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimveliso joinery. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo ephilisa bonke yokuncamathelisa ezisekelwe kwi-FSC zingasetyenziswa zombini kuncanyatheliswe ashushu nabandayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha kulwakhiwo, iinkuni njalo njalo. D. zisetyenziswa yaye yokuncamathelisa ezizodwa nge uhlobo eyahlukileyo kwezithako ukulungiswa.

Iimpawu nentlaka lwenkobe-CF

Ukubalula ezivela emahlamvini urea-formaldehyde, ngokuxhomekeke isicelo zinokuba nomahluko. Ukususela theyibhile ingezantsi inika iinkcukacha malunga iimpawu kakhulu ethandwa intlaka kf-MT asetyenziswe ukuvelisa fiberboard kunye particleboard.

Ezinye iintlobo kf kf-MT-nentlaka lunomahluko ikakhulu viscosity yokwehla ephezulu kakhulu into owomileyo. Ezi mpawu ukuvumela ukwazisa kuyo ngabenzi amanzi airless. Ukusetyenziswa izixhobo, nto, yenza kunokwenzeka unciphiso ebalulekileyo ukufuma imithi kunyangwa amasuntswana intlaka ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ixesha amacwecwe ngokucindezela kunye.

Ukumithisa resin (SKFP)

Olu hlobo CFS isetyenziswa ekwenziweni ikhadibhodi yamanzi-ukumelana nephepha. Maxa wambi kuye kusetyenziswe ukuba ityalwa zilayidi umqulu zokuhombisa, ngamaplanga kunye particleboard kunye fiberboard. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa iimpawu imveliso.

Iimpawu intlaka ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa Ipeyinti

Ukulungiselela le njongo, ngokokuqhelekileyo isicelo K-421-02 imveliso brand Kumele melaminokarbamidoformaldegidnaya ngaphaya nentlaka ulwelo ukuba le mihlaba ilandelayo:

Properties kf-MX2

emahlamvini Urea-formaldehyde kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa slurries zesamente kufuneka athobele ngokupheleleyo GOST.

Urea formaldehyde amagwebu: imihlaba lokusetyenziswa

Le mveliso kakhulu asetyenziswe ekwakheni njengoko izinto usambathisa. Ingasetyenziswa usambathisa evela abandayo:

• ezindongeni;

• indawo kophahla;

• imigangatho eliphakathi nakwiisilingi.

Xa kuthelekiswa istro eqhelekileyo eyandisiweyo, istro CFS uye wasebenzisa enye ebalulekileyo. Le nto ngokupheleleyo non-ezinokutsha. urea-formaldehyde nentlaka liqela izinto thermosetting. Oko zisabela umva kuzo ngeke kube definition. Ngako oko, CFS-amagwebu ngexesha umlilo akuthethi ibe anyibilike. Ekuphela - phantsi kwempembelelo lobushushu eliphezulu ithe bit ubunzima ngokuthi ibanike uncedo-non-yingozi kwimpilo yabantu, nitrogen kunye carbon dioxide. Ubomi inkonzo amagwebu kule Uhlobo malunga efanayo naleyo i istro extruded - malunga nama-80 iminyaka. Le nto ingasetyenziswa ngokohlobo amacwecwe kunye karhulumente engamanzi. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ubunzima, ibizwa engekabili ithiwa em- iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezakhiweyo yokwakha.

Indlela yokwenza CFS amagwebu

Kuba ixesha lokuqala eli nqaku umdla wabonakala ngasekupheleni nenani-30 eJamani. EYurophu, lisetyenziswa kwi izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Ngowe-30% amatyala ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo yokugquma walling wasebenzisa lo mbandela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngakumbi popular CFS-amagwebu uba eRashiya.

Ukwenza imveliso ubuchwepheshe kule isifudumezi silula. On sale kukho nkqu, izixhobo ezizodwa azibizi, athenge ukuba, xa mgaqo, kunokuba ubani. Usebenza Ufakelo ezifana ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kwelinye izikhongozeli elizaliswe nesisombululo ngamanzi phosphoric acid kunye arhente ugwebu;

• kwesinye isikhongozeli ngokwayo ibekwe kakuhle urea nentlaka;

• ngendlela umphanda iimpompo evulekileyo.

Ukuba axube components izinto ezazisetyenziswa kwimpompo enamandla. Urea-formaldehyde intlaka kunye umlambo amagwebu ukuba Yek nawo Umxhubi ekhethekileyo. Ubunzima okubangela isikhongozeli luthululelwe lweHo- ngokusebenzisa Bight izakhiwo umlomo.

Iimpawu intlaka ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amagwebu

Ukulungiselela le njongo, ulwakhiwo luqhele ukusetyenziswa imveliso brand KFZH-PV. Le resin ilulwelo umhlophe okanye ukukhanya-mdaka umbala, iinkcukacha ekufuneka zingqinelane neemfuno GOST.

Njengoko enombhalo CF-nentlaka

Ngaloo ndlela, ndafumana yande kakhulu isicelo nentlaka kushishino lolwakhiwo urea. Le imveliso leyo ibhalwe ngokungqinelana neemfuno GOST 14192. Ileyibhile la bhotile CFS okanye invoyisi kufuneka abe khona:

• Igama lomenzi uphawu yakhe;

• ubunzima net;

• uphawu resin;

• kumhla wokwenziwa;

• inombolo batch;

• ukonyulwa umgangatho ngokwayo.

Njengoko kufuneka zipakishwe nentlaka

Ezinkulu iinkampani ngokhuni kunye zokwakha athenge le mveliso ngokuqhelekileyo ezininzi kunene. Kulo mzekelo, i urea-formaldehyde nentlaka Qaynana kf kufika kuyo yayo kwiitanki kaloliwe. batch ezincinane egcwele zibe imigqomo zentsimbi. Lwakutshanje phambi kokusebenzisa, ngokutsho GOST 13950, kufuneka ngocoselelo ihlanjwe. Standards siyakuvumela ekhupha intlaka kuquka multi-umphanda kunye ziziphene ezincinane lwangaphandle.

iindlela zovavanyo

Thatha izityalo urea intlaka iibhetshi zamaphepha (kunye ezineempawu ezifanayo yaye anobunzima kungekho ngaphezulu kwama-200). Ukukhangela umgangatho imveliso ayavavanywa. Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala zemisebenzi yezandla zabo;

• isampuli tube iisampulu indawo metal;

• ambaxa ngokubeka zonke iisampulu a kwijokhwe yakho yeglasi;

• iileyibheli kunye umhla ngokunyula nesayithi isampuli.

Eneneni uvavanyo inokuba kuquka uhlolo nokubona, kwakunye nokuzimisela elabhoratri:

• ubunzima ezisalayo owomileyo of sample nganye;

• iqhezu mass of formaldehyde free;

• xi hydrogen ion;

• ixesha gel;

• miscibility ngamanzi;

• uqine.

Indlela ukuthutha nokulondoloza

Ihanjiswa urea resin (Class of ingozi ukwimo - II) unakho kuzo zonke iintlobo zothutho. Kwiqondo lobushushu umoya ngezantsi 0 ° ^C uvumelekile ukuba asebenzise kubananisi ubushushu kuphela okanye izikhongozeli Ipeyinti zokwambathisa ezikhoyo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, lo ubushushu kwenziwa ngokubonelela amanzi ashushu ukuya ibhatyi yitanki. lobushushu CFS emva kule nkqubo kufuneka ngaphezu 25 ^C. Ukuze kuveliswe ukufudumeza umphunga imveliso ezitokisini.

Ehlotyeni, xa umoya t-25 ^C, intlaka ithuthwa akakwazi elide ngaphezu kweentsuku ezili-10. Ukugcina imveliso kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi 5 ^{° C} kwaye hayi ngaphezulu ^kwe-20 ° C kwisingxobo esitywiniweyo. Akuyi kuvunyelwa ukuba ukugcina amabhakethi amanzi kunye nentlaka elangeni ngqo. Kwakhona GOST uyalela ukugcina izikhongozeli ngale mveliso phantsi ngumthunzi, angavumeli ukuba sesichengeni kwezulu.

Urea resin: abavelisi kanye brand

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yavelisa malunga 500 lamawaka. Iitoni CFS ngonyaka eRashiya. Iinkampani yasekhaya inkulu inxaxheba ukukhululwa le mveliso zezi:

• "Ugra lespromholding";

• "Shatura";

• mveliso ifanitshala mmandla ngamaplanga Cherepovets and iVolga;

Kwakhona benza kwilizwe lethu ezivelisa iimveliso ezifana urea-formaldehyde resin, abavelisi benkqubo Russian-Finnish. Igxininisa ekuvelisweni kwale eziphathekayo, umzekelo, JSC "Metadynea" kwaye ilungu inkxalabo European Swiss Krono Group Inkampani "Kronostar East." Ukongeza, i-CFS yenye iintlobo imveliso eyenziweyo yi uLizo kushishino wemichiza njenge "yaseAkron" yaye "Metafaks".