Boguchany HPP: zoKwakha, ifowuni, photo, ummandla wezandyondyo

Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2016 eRashiya kwi ngokupheleleyo Boguchany HPP yaba entsha, eyakhelwe i Angara River, 444 km ukusuka emlonyeni wayo kwindawo hlathi-ehlathini. Le isikhululo samandla ke th 5 kweli lizwe, yaye malunga ne izixhobo mihla uhamba phambili.

idilesi ye nkampani

City Kodinsk Kezhemskogo District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, isiseko sokwakha kodonga lasekhohlo, inombolo isiseko ezidibeneyo 1, ukwakha 1 - idilesi ngqo "Boguchany HPP". Inombolo yefowuni lombutho: (39143) 7-13-93. Kwakhona, ulwazi zifumaneka nge secrdir@boges.kodinsk.kras.ru e-mail. Index Company: 663.491.

A incinane

Lo msebenzi ukwakhiwa Boguchany mveliso yezityalo yavunywa yi-USSR Ministry of Energy ngo-1969 Inyaniso kukuba, kanye ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo kubalulekile lizwe yaqala ngo-1974, abakhi yokuqala isikhululo bekukho abaqeshwa bombutho "Bratskgesstroy". We wabathuma into ibekwe ngaphezu Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. ukwakhiwa Its kanye ngeli xesha yagqitywa ngokupheleleyo oko.

Ngokutsho iprojekthi amandla zesityalo ngayo kuba 3000 MW, kwaye inqanaba xi kulindeleke ukuba bafikelele uphawu 208 m. Ukugqitywa kweprojekthi ngamanzi kwahlelwa ukuba 1992. Nangona kunjalo, kuba imeko ngelishwa kunzima ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela kweli lizwe akazange avumele ukuba izicwangciso zethu ekupheleni. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo isantya kokwakhiwa isikhululo yaqala ukuba ukwehla ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye ngowe-1994 kwaba phantse zibambene.

ubunkokheli Kamva lonke ilizwe ingqalelo ukwakhiwa weprojekthi yesikhululo isikhululo ngokwamanqanaba amabini (ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko). Noko ke, ukuvunywa Glavgosekspertizy zange afumane. Ukuqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo kuphela ngo-2007-sikhokelo yobehlulelani bukarhulumente nabezoshishino labucala. A memorandam engqina injongo ukuvula kwakhona Boguchany HPP, watyikitywa yinkampani "Rusal" kunye Rao "YO of Russia" iminyaka emibini ngaphambi koko. Ekuqaleni isikhululo lokugqitywa wayezimisele 58%. I ezimbini zokuqala bafakwa aphehla mveliso Boguchany ngo-2012

station Iimpawu

Boguchany HPP, iifoto ezo zithiwe thaca kwiphepha le into yokuba a grand ngokwenene. ukwakhiwa yayo ibandakanya emadamini ezimbini ezinkulu - rockfill (1961.3 m) kunye eziphathekayo (828.7 m). Ngenxa yoko, isikhululo obhobhozayo ubude phambi ngokubanzi 2690 m. On zombini Amadama sikude okwangoku. Okt HPP ukhonza kuthembeka ngakumbi yaye ibhulorho enqumla Angara, kuphela kumgama oyi km 130.

Dam siteshi lwedama ezimbini. Lokuqala (ezantsi-type) iphawulwa ngomthamo ka 7060 m ³ / s. Le lwedama yesibini (phezulu) linobude m 90 kwaye kuwucima umlambo abapasa therethrough.

Usomandla ne kuyilo yoqobo amaziko anjalo. Le esemva isikhululo yinxalenye kwedama. Kunye ke ubude besakhiwo yahlulwe yangamacandelo 9, nganye umiselwe enye unit nkqo hydraulic kunye nomthamo 333 MW. ukuhamba kwamanzi hybrid actuated umbane turbine 370 MVA. Yokuba amandla ombane inikezelwa le abaguquli linyathelo phantsi kwe-500 kV kunye 220 kV. Kunikezelo yesikhululo samandla ngokusebenzisa indlela ivaliwe uhlobo sokuvula nokucima, nawayenxuse kwi ofisi kunye nokwakha imveliso kwi elunxwemeni iseleyo Angara.

ukuvelisa

Iiyunithi amandla zidibene ezifana izakhiwo grand njengoko Boguchany HPP, okwangoku ima 3,000 MW. Okuphindwe Angarskaya isikhululo esitsha-20% ombane ewonke kummandla Krasnoyarsk. Kuphela kwikota yokuqala ka-2016 HPP walibeka mali ka-3,126 billion kWh.

Ubude omkhulu idama station eziphathekayo 96 m, ezinkulu -. 77 m Ububanzi yokugqibela kwaziswa kwinqanaba-20 m, kunye nolwakhiwo lwayo wathabatha ngokomyalelo million 30.5 cubic metres zomhlaba ³

ukwakhiwa abahleli HPP

Ekuqaleni, isigqibo ekwakhiweni kwalo station ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lizwe kwathatyathwa, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, i-USSR Ministry of Energy. ebizwa ngokuba "Boguchangesstroy" yanikezelwa Nakuba into. Oku kuyilwa kwe "Boguchangesstroy" Ngowe-1993, ngenxa yalo mbutho. Ngo-2002, inkampani waliguqula igama layo. Okwangoku, into obhalisiweyo JSC "Boguchany HPP".

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-2006 phakathi "RusHydro" kunye neenkampani "Rusal" asayina isivumelwano malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe iprojekthi i "Bema", ukongeza ekugqityweni HPP iquka ulwakhiwo isityalo aluminiyam Baguchanskogo. Inkxaso-mali zombini izinto kamva kuqhutywa nge iinkampani nonxweme. Loo scheme sikhethwe yi group mzamo "Rusal".

Ngokutsho Code Water of the Boguchany HPP impahla federal. Ngoko ke, iinkampani zabucala ziye ngemali kuphela ukwakhiwa kwale nto. Zonke iindleko soqulunqo mmandla ozaliswe kwenziwa ngurhulumente.

Kakade ke, asinguye wonk 'xa kusakhiwa eli ziko ebalulekileyo ihamba kakuhle. Ngokuchasene ukwakhiwa esitishini kwi Angara River, ingakumbi, wakhuthaza "iGreenpeace". Le nkampani ezaziwayo-kakuhle lokusingqongileyo nje into yokuba ulwakhiwo into enkulu kangaka ngathi Boguchany, kuthwalelwa phandle ngaphandle enyanzelekileyo namhlanje kwinkqubo EIA Russian. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa isikhululo ngenxa namabango "iGreenpeace" iye lunqunyanyisiwe. Abaququzeleli be ukugqitywa HPP wachaza ukuthingaza ukudlula EIA nkqubo nomthetho osebenzayo. Isibakala sokuba le projekthi ngamanzi ekugqibeleni yavunywa ngexesha leSoviet. Ngokwemimiselo yemithetho mihla echaza i EIA, akukho isiphumo engange.

Abanye inkxalabo malunga ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo kunye wavakalisa Public Chamber of Russia. Lo mbutho, ingakumbi, nemibuzo emalunga ukugcinwa kwimbali nenkcubeko lemveli kummandla wezandyondyo kunye namatyala igqalwa ukungahlawulwa imbuyekezo kumafama kunye nokungaphumeleli izindlu abangenamakhaya.

Kakade ke, wayila iinjineli yiSoviet yeprojekthi siteshi ngokuziphatha lixesha kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-25. Ngoko ke, nomququzeleli engundoqo kwakusakhiwa Boguchany mveliso yezityalo (okanye mandithi, ukuqhubeka layo) - Rao "YO of Russia" - ngo-2006, agunyazisa Institute "Hydroproject" ukuqhuba umsebenzi luhlaziywe wayo.

Ekuqaleni nokuba bekufanele ukuba avuse amanani amandla izityalo ukuya ku-4000 MW. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa liqiniswe ixesha lethu ukuba sendleleni neemfuno flow umkhukula ziingcali ze-Institute bekufuneke ukuba inombolo lwedama ezongezelelweyo 2, wayengekho idrafti yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo isityalo kwafuneka incitshiswe kwi-3000 MW kwakhona.

yehlisa umnotho

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isityalo amandla amatsha ngamanzi kwi Angara inika umbane ngokupheleleyo elisanda engagqitywanga Boguchansky aluminiyam izityalo, nto leyo uvelisa ngaphezu kwama-600 lamawaka. Iitoni zesinyithi non-ayoni ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukongeza, zesikhululo edlulisela amandla kwisityalo Taishet kunye namanye amashishini ezininzi industrial lommandla Lower Angara.

zone izikhukhula Boguchanskaya HPP: Indawo

Eziphilayo kwindawo kwakhiwe isikhululo samandla ngamanzi itshintshe ngelishwa, kakhulu nzulu,. Emva kokugqitywa isikhululo izikhukhula 1.494 ezikwere zeekhilomitha zomhlaba, kuquka - 296 km² olimekayo, amadlelo kunye hayfields. ubonelelo Lost kwemithi namatyholo kwaba 9,56 MCM ^3. Enye ^m3 million 10 yehlathi anqamka phantsi kwi-80 lwekhulu yokugqibela, ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa esitishini.

Okwangoku, ulawulo JSC «Boguchany HPP" kunyanzeleka ukuba kupheliswe kubandakanywa zonke iintlobo zeengxaki zommandla ezithe zavela emva ukwakhiwa kwamadama. Umzekelo, kummandla izikhukhula i phakathi kwezinye ehamba wajika 96 km ² ikharbhon. Kakade ke, ekugqibeleni oku kwakhokelela ungcoliseko lomlambo. Nja- njenge material ukukhanya kakhulu kwimigxobhozo ezithile (ummandla sabo setotali - 13 km ²⁾ baqalisa zidade nje kumphezulu. Njengoko kuphakanyiswe kuqhubeka kwezenkolo le nkqubo ezingafanelekanga kuya kuba omnye ubuncinane iminyaka engama-20. Okwangoku, ukuze izenze imisebenzi emlanjeni towage kunye nokudityaniswa iziqithi afanayo zibanjwa rhoqo.

ichibi

Area Boguchansky dama liba 2326 km ^2. Inxalenye enkulu yayo ise kwi Krasnoyarsk Territory (1961 km ^2). Length Boguchansky ichibi - 375 km. Ngaloo umthamo wayo ngokupheleleyo - 58,2 km ³ luncedo - 2.3 km ^3. Ukuzaliswa ichibi ngexesha ulwakhiwo lwesikhululo samandla ngamanzi wathabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezibini. Ngo-2012, umgangatho wayo lancitshiswa ukuya kwinqanaba 185 m, kwaye ngo-2015-m -. 208 m kwiprojekthi Ngoku Boguchansky ichibi yenziwa ummiselo imihla lokumpompoza komlambo zonyaka - flowage lateral. Ukuhla komgangatho wolwandle ngabantu unyaka wonke musa ukudlula-1 m.

ukuhlaliswa kwabantu kwindawo yezikhukula

Ulwakhiwo Boguchany ombane silima isizathu ukuba amanzi wathabatha 29 kwiilali needolophu. 25 kubo ibekwe kummandla Krasnoyarsk 4 - kwingingqi Irkutsk. Le yokuhlala inkulu igcwale kwiziko lesithili Kezhma.

Bebonke lommandla izikhukhula ziyashukuma 12173 umntu. Inkoliso yabantu athathwe kummandla kwechibi elizayo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Kule minyaka ingama-80 ukususela kule ndawo malunga 8,000 abantu ayephinde. Ngelo xesha abantu banikwa ikhaya elitsha kwiidolophu ezikufutshane kunye nasemaphandleni. Ngowe-2008-2011. kwabanye abantu 4905 banofuduselwa ukusuka kwindawo nezikhukhula. Ngeli xesha, izindlu yanikezelwa kuphela imizi. Ngo-2012, indawo yokuhlala entsha bafudukela kubantu 194, yaye kamva - ngaphezulu 1,500.

city Kodinsk

Ukulahleka isixa esikhulu umhlaba olimekayo kunye nemfuneko ushiye indawo omiweyo amawaka abantu - oko kukuthi iziphumo nje kwaye kwaphumela zizikhukula. Boguchany HPP, Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngenxa nje isixa esikhulu amandla, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqoqosho lwesizwe. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kukholelwa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo ebalulekileyo, nangona ilahleko unyanzelekile, ukuba kufanelekile ngokwezoqoqosho.

Yonke enye into kufutshane isikhululo, wakha idolophu enkulu entsha. Igama wavuka phakathi kwisixeko hlathi lwamandla Kodinsk. ukwakhiwa yayo ngo-1977. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, namadlelo ayo kwimpuma ibekwe kwiikhilomitha ezingama-8 ukusuka Angara lwemihlaba nezikhukhula.

Ngowe-2016 e Kodinsk, Ngokwezibalo, apho sele abantu malunga-16 227 abantu. Ukongeza kubemi aphehla banethuba kusebenza amashishini iinkuni processing zalapha, kwi "Alliance U" LLC, lo joint venture "Biwa" kwaye isebe LLC "YaseSiberia DOZ +". Le dolophu iye cinema, izikolo, abancinane eziguqulweyo, iivenkile ezininzi specializations ezahlukahlukeneyo.

izinto zakudala kunye nembali

Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe Boguchansky ichibi izikhukhula kwintsimi sele luqhutywa kuquka kwimingxuma ezinkulu-scale. Izazinzulu bafunda 40 lamawaka. Km ² ilizwe, wachaza iziza zakudala ngaphezulu kwama-130. Ukongeza, kunye nophando ngenkcazo zaqhutywa. Ngenxa kwindawo yezikhukula namhlanje ndive izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo izakhiwo ngamaplanga.

Apho Boguchany isikhululo samandla kagesi ibekwe?

Ekuqaleni le mveliso in Angarsk ayo kwaye inqanaba yayo yesine osezantsi. Ngaphandle kwisikhululo Ust-Elias emantla Boguchany nayo Bratsk kunye Irkutsk. Le mveliso ibekwe kwisikhululo emlanjeni Kodinsk. Kweli nqanaba unqumla Angar massif rock enkulu ordovika kunye namatye lentlenga xesha Cambrian. Kwinqanaba ichibi ububanzi umlambo 2-3 km. Rocks kule ndawo zizwana ebhedini lisondele kakhulu. Phezu kodonga lasekhohlo kukho masimu ezincinane. Nyhani ke engumnqantsa kakhulu kwaye elide. Kuba kuqhume ngokwalo (ngasintla) Angar kwandiswa ukuya km 10.

Impembelelo eziphilayo mmandla

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye izityalo lombane, Boguchany kuba negalelo elikhulu kokusingqongileyo. Kwindalo yaloo mmandla emva kokuba kwakhiwe isikhululo unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Nkqu landscape umlambo hlathi ukuba iye khona apha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ubukhulu becala yasiwa idike. Oku, kwakhokelela ekubeni unciphiso kakhulu inani rheophilous (bakhetha amanzi fast) iintlobo zeentlanzi. Noko ke, kule meko, ngethamsanqa, iye ikhule elinabantu limnophilic (echibini).

Umgangatho wamanzi kweli dama ixhomekeke ikakhulu yi msulwa kwindawo yezikhukula ibekwe ngaphezu Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. Le meko kungenxa ekungeneni Angara ephantsi kule ndawo. Yeziqinisekiso ye kwezenkolo, anokungenwa emazantsi womthi ichibi kunye Turf pop-up, Kakade ke, kumgangatho inempembelelo kwinkqubo yamanzi. Noko ke, ngokuba nayiphi na intlekele yendalo kulo mzekelo, yithini, Kakade ke, akukho mfuneko.

Ngowe-6-8 km jikelele dama, phakathi kwezinye izinto itshintshile kancinane kunye nemozulu. A isixa esikhulu samanzi "lubamba" imozulu. Ihlobo kummandla injongo yaba kupholile encinane, kwaye ukuwa - ezifudumeleyo. Ngenxa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi omlambo ngezantsi HPS wabonakala lomkhenkce lane elide. Neziphumo negative iphambili yale nto ke iye yaba nokwanda leentsuku yinkungu kule ndawo ngexesha nyanga zishushu.