Desalting amanzi: Indlela kunye Izixhobo

Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa ekubeni uluntu iye kufika ixesha xa ingxabano qhuma phezu kwamanzi aphilileyo. Ukusombulula le ngxaki enye kuphela kwendlela - yokufumana indlela ngokupheleleyo kwetyuwa emanzini.

Yintoni a kwetyuwa emanzini

Nayiphi fluid kubume bayo inepesenti ezithile iityuwa, Cya, iiminerali. Kungengokwentlambululo yendawo zendalo zamanzi okanye itephu iziphumo kulowo izinto eziyingozi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iba yinxalenye inani elikhulu neetyuwa ezenza singalufanelekeli ukutyiwa.

Desalting yamanzi - ukuncitshiswa lwee- neetyuwa lichithakale. Le nkqubo ukuthwala uphawu iyonke xa ulwelo, ndayihluthwa nasiphi na isiqulatho ityuwa, okanye inxenye yazo, xa isixa kwangaphambili letyuwa ihlala kuso.

iindlela

kwetyuwa epheleleyo yenziwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Neyanamhlanje, indlela thermal.
• Ngotshintshiselwano ion.
• electrodialysis indlela.
• Reverse ingaphandle kucocwa.

Ukususwa kwenxenye ityuwa kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezilandelayo:

• Ikalika.
• Barite ukuthamba.
• H ni exchange.
• Ebandayo.

Iindlela iindleko kwetyuwa emanzini zifuna zombini zemali kunye namandla. indlela unyango Selection kuxhomekeke kwisiqulatho ityuwa ulwelo yokuqala, ukusebenza ufakelo, iindleko yeekhomponenti inkqubo (ubushushu, umbane, wezenzi). indlela nganye inamanqanaba alungileyo kwakunye nangalunganga kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa zobugcisa.

kwetyuwa akakhethi

Inazo zonke ubumdaka emanzini lisetyenziswa ezininzi industrial kwiinkqubo kunye nemfuneko lwangaphakathi sebenzisa kakhulu eliqingqiweyo inani labantu. Ngokuba ukusetyenziswa ekhaya kufuneka demineralization yamanzi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuthamba ulwelo kwenzeka cationization.

Le nkqubo a replacement for nzima ukuse- iityuwa hydrogen nto leyo, basabela kutshabalalisa unako yesoda. Product ukwakha compound yona imveliso njengoko yigesi. Ubungakanani zokuhlanjululwa kuqikelelwa yi inani calcium carbonate kufunxwa.

neyanamhlanje amanzi

Amanzi kwetyuwa ngu indlela ulwelo - indlela endala ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Unalungelo lini na ukubakhona kwayo yonke ilahleko - iindleko eziphezulu inkqubo. Ukuze ufumane amanzi ngaphandle ezingcolisa usebenzisa ulwelo. Ke eziliqela iindidi evaporators, umahluko phakathi kwazo ubume njengomfanekiso namandla. Eyona ziqhelekileyo - zomphunga electric oomatshini, esibonakala iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa enkulu amandla.

Izixhobo yi kwibhoyila (okanye boilers ngaphezulu) soxinzelelo ephantsi apho ulwelo lujika lube umphunga kwaye esahlula mxube ityiwa. Ukuze ufumane ubukhulu izixhobo nococo lwamanzi yakufumana lobushushu reflux kade. Ngale ndlela, nezingcoliso enzima musa ngenisa distillate nokucutheka. Enye iinketho ekunciphiseni iindleko kukwandisa inani lamanyathelo, kodwa ufakelo loo kubandakanya utyalo-mali enkulu ekuqaleni.

izixhobo ulwelo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa isixa esikhulu energy ixabiso umxhelo zonke iindawo. Ukubonelela ngobunyulu eliphezulu kunokuba imibhobho eninzi, izivingco, kubananisi ubushushu, evaporators, enziwe zwi okanye platinum. Ezinye izinto ezingafanelekanga.

indlela electrochemical

Indlela iqulathe kwi sicatshulwa kwamanzi ngomlomo intsimi yombane, ngaloo ndlela kukho ukudlulisela ion yetyuwa - ukuse- athunyelwa kwicala cathode kunye anions - ukuya anode. Le nkqubo lamagumbi ezintathu, ezithi zenziwe esebenzisa cathode kunye anode diaphragms. I medial gumbi kukuthi amanzi, silungiselwe kwetyuwa emanzini.

Esihlambo idlule ngoku rhoqo zombane, apho lokhetho kwenzeka iityuwa kule cathode kunye anode uvalo. Le ndlela imali eninzi kakhulu iindleko izixhobo kunye neendleko zombane, kungoko alaqhenqetha.

ion exchange

Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa, nto leyo ethi izuzwe ngamanzi desalting - indlela exchange ion. Le ukulawula of ubumdaka ngale ndlela kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ulwelo kwacaca ngexesha elifutshane, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwetyuwa mveliso. Indlela lixabiso ngempumelelo kakhulu kwaye anike yoko engcono wokucoca.

Le ndlela isekelwe phezu ukususwa abathelekeleli kulwelo kunye netyuwa anions, nto leyo zokuthambisa enokwen- angafaniyo ngesidanga demineralization ukugqiba ukususwa arhente yetyuwa. Desalting amanzi ngotshintshiselwano ion kwenzeka kunye inxaxheba kubananisi ion ezo Iipholima ngamanzi-ezingenakunyibilika equlathe kwaku- eshukumayo. Xa iimeko wadala walungisa Polymer engena indlela wotshintshiselwano kunye ion ityuwa lophawu efanayo. Ibekwe kwindawo zolwelo nentlaka adumbe, ukwandisa ngamaxesha 1.5-2 ubukhulu.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha kuqokelela nentlaka lichithakale neetyuwa kunye zilinganisiwe. Elizele zeposi kubananisi ion, kulandele unyango lwabo. Products zivela nentlaka ion-exchange ifumile zibizwa "eluates", ziquka neetyuwa kunye nezisombululo obrak. Ezinye zazo izinto ezixabisekileyo ngoko zilahlwe amacandelo nje ezixabisekileyo.

inwebu

inkqubela Technical kwaye uqale ukubukela ukunqongophala amatsha ezikhokelela ubugcisa obutsha kwetyuwa kunye kwetyuwa. indlela ethandwayo yokufumana unyango ukubuyisela kucocwa, ithi iqinisekise intembeko kuphuhliso zobugcisa ndizayo. umdla Commercial ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iphantsi kakhulu. Uninzi iingcinga mgaqo zisetyenziswa zokuhlanjululwa amanzi omlambo, neyathi yabonakala ukusebenza ezininzi izihlandlo zabo.

Kuba indlu usebenzisa olu fakelo zamanzi desalting esekelwe kwi-reverse umgaqo kucocwa, ofanelekileyo zombini ngokwemiqathango ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nomgangatho imveliso onesiphumo. Umgaqo inwebu liyadlula amanzi phantsi koxinzelelo ngokusebenzisa inwebu apho kungenwa ukuya neetyuwa lichithakale kunye nezinye ukungcola. Inkqubo kwetyuwa zibonelela inwebu zokwenziwa semi-akubonakali, elikwaziyo ukubamba ezinye iigesi unyityilikiswa emanzini (chlorine, icarbon dioxide njalo njalo.).

indlela inwebu lisihlambulula amanzi konke ukungcola, kukho demineralization epheleleyo, leyo kuyingozi emzimbeni womntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu umlinganiselo kufuneka ukhethe phakathi amanzi etephini okanye baphathwe ngoncedo lokucoca ulwelo. Sincinane okubi kukuthi amanzi, inazo zonke zendalo lwezithako.

Namhlanje kwamanye amazwe sele kukho izityalo ukuvelisa amanzi okusela, apho kwetyuwa usebenzisa indlela inwebu, kwaye nanjengom-izigqibo aftertreatment ezongezelelweyo kulo iigesi lichithakale. Ukuze uyinike eqhelekileyo, kufutshane lwendalo amashishini kwi ngamanzi okuhlamba idityaniswe xi ityiwa efanelekileyo iqinisekisiwe.

Iingenelo neengozi ndlela eziphambili

Ngalinye iindlela kwetyuwa amanzi zombini neempawu ezintle nezimbi. Cinga ngokweenkcukacha, ungabona abanye babo ukuba zincede zikhethe:

• Ion exchange kukwanceda kakhulu ecocekileyo amanzi, le nkqubo ethembekileyo akaziphenduli lokuqala sisidanga ehlukene ulwelo, kufuna encinane izixhobo iindleko. inkqubo desalting ithatha indawo ilahleko flow ubuncinane. Ububi le ndlela ziquka kungcoliseko ngokukhawuleza lokusingqongileyo kunye iikhemikhali ezinobungozi, iindleko ephakamileyo reactants ngokwabo, le nkqubo iba mdaka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifuna rhoqo replacement lokucoca ulwelo. Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma kunye filter iindawo igcwele nobunzima.
• Ulwelo. Kofakelo lwamanzi desalting ngokusekelwe indlela thermal esetyenzisiweyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imichiza kombisa mfanelo ngenxa ulwelo elungileyo eyenziwe ngexesha nobushushu msebenzi kusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo. Olona phawu olwahlula le ndlela ithuba ukuze kupheliswe iigesi iyapheliswa. Ububi le ndlela zezi: iindleko zamandla phezulu, imfuno yonyango amanzi, iindleko kulondolozo ufakelo (ukucocwa zonke iinxalenye), iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza.
• Iinkqubo ndizayo zahlukile ukuya ruggedness yokuqala bamanzi inkqubo akafuni kufuna imichiza, kulula ukugcina. iimpawu ezingalunganga: nokuqulunqwa inkqubo yokucoca amanzi, isixa esikhulu samanzi for ukusebenza kwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa aphezulu amandla, nto leyo echaphazela iindleko yokugqibela imveliso.

Desalting ekhaya

product Water - ndlela ezingabizi kakhulu post-unyango. Desalting elwandle okanye amanzi kakuhle ekhaya, kukho iindlela ezimbini ezixhaphakileyo:

• A sikhongozeli samanzi ukubeka kwisikhenkcezisi ashiye amisa ezingaphelelanga. Ityuwa kunye inxalenye iqina ulwelo, umkhenkce kufuneka zinyibilike, kwaye zingasetyenziswa nangoko. Zokuhlanjululwa engaphezulu kuyimfuneko ukuphoswa naluphi na uhlobo amanzi ngokusebenzisa filter indlu. Le ndlela kuthiwa neyanamhlanje ebandayo.
• Ngumphunga. Thatha izikhongozeli ezibini ubungakanani ezahlukeneyo, igalelwe amanzi enkulu ulwandle / ityuwa, a esezantsi ekhohlo engenanto baze bafakwe isitya esikhulu. Ukuma yonke ingaba zibekwe ukufudumeza plate okanye ishiywe elangeni, emva komhla wokuvala isiciko. Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuba kufikelelwe abilayo olucothayo ndifuze. Couples engalali ityuwa, ziya buzinze itanki ayinanto. I uwase elangeni kuya kumpompoza kakhulu kancinci. Kule ndlela iba kakhulu imali encinci amanzi okusela.

Kwetyuwa kunye kwetyuwa emanzini abasakhasayo kunokwenzeka, kodwa neziphumo ezibi. Ngeyona ndlela ifikelelekayo kukuthenga kwabendlu imithi zizityalo.

lofakelo lwamanzi

Kuba ukusetyenziswa ekhaya yokusebenza afuneka inkqubo zokuhlanjululwa amanzi. product Amanzi unakho kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Eyona ndlela ilula kwaye ezingabizi kakhulu - ingqayi kunye okucoca replaceable.
• Amanzi esatsiba filter kwi-crane.
• okucoca amanzi itafile.
• Iklip inkqubo, ekuqhubeni yokucoca ulwelo kuxhomekeke nokubekwa (kuphela ekhitshini, i-feed indawo yokungena amanzi endlwini, multistage ukuhlanjululwa filter amanzi equleni nokususa, njalo njalo. D.).

Nam iinkqubo zasekhaya ayikwazi ukubeka ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ityuwa ukusuka kulwelo ukuthambisa amanzi nzima kodwa akwazi. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka sazi izinto Igcwele kuyo ukukhetha i nkqubo neekhatriji amanzi, izihluzi okanye nezinto. inkqubo Desalting ifuna izixhobo ngokubanzi, indawo enkulu yokuwafakela, utyalo-mali ezinkulu zemali kunye nokufumaneka inkqubo yenkonzo olungafumaneki ngakubhalileyo ngokoluhlu olubanzi kwabathengi.

Types of Household Cleaning

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezi ndidi zilandelayo zonyango amanzi asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:

• Carbon product. Le fowuni isiqulathi ezaliswe iinkuni, amalahle okanye isebenze. Amanzi aqukuqela ngokusebenzisa lokucoca ulwelo, icocwe of chlorine elements olunamafutha, izinambuzane, Cya, iintsholongwane kunye ezifana. D. I filter ifumaneka kwi ngexabiso, ixesha elide yaye kulula ukuba zisebenze.
• ukucoca Fine. Olu hlobo lwe filter yahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini - enye umsebenzi kunye mininzi. Ukuba ufuna nayiphi na ukhetho inkonzo afunekayo - ngamaxesha utshintsho neekhatriji ngokuba amanzi, endaweni iivelufa kunye njalo njalo.
• Kwesisefo. Susa elimsulwa kwamaqondo eparticulate enkulu (intlabathi, namhlwa, elitshisiweyo njalo njalo.).
• ukucocwa. Xa olu hlobo lokucoca iquka iinkqubo ezisebenzisa inwebu, izihluzi multi-yeqonga, njalo njalo.

Kwiindawo ezininzi of Russia kufuneka kuphela zokucoca ezongezelelweyo yamanzi, njengoko imithombo yamanzi kweli lizwe lwanele. Le kuphela ummandla apho kunga yokunqongophala ahlaziyayo amanzi - kukuthi Crimea, apho, mhlawumbi, sidinga mveliso izityalo ityuwa elwandle amanzi. Zonke izixhobo zokuyenza iinkqubo lobunikazi. Kwetyuwa kunye demineralization wamanzi kufuneka kwenziwe iindlela yenzululwazi kunye neziphumo zovavanyo kuyimfuneko phantsi kweemeko elebhu.