Aircraft Su-25: iinkcukacha Technical, imilinganiselo, inkcazo. History of indalo

Aviation eSoviet kwaye IsiRashiya kakhulu edume moya, igama lika eyaziwa ukuba wonke umntu ezingafani, abanomdla izixhobo zomkhosi. Kwabo iinkxalabo "Rook" - Su-25 moya ukuhlasela. iinkcukacha kule matshini kulungile kangangokuba akukho kuphela kule mini sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ungquzulwano ehlabathini jikelele, kodwa isoloko zaphuculwa.

Overview

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, olu hlaselo. Flight Isantya - subsonic; It is a incwadi elungileyo. Lo matshini yenzelwe yokugubungela imikhosi ukuhlasela okanye inyathelo ezizimeleyo yinxalenye iiyunithi eyama, uyakwazi oko tywakraza awo lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye utshaba izithuthi vehicles, ebhabhela naliphi na ixesha kwaye phantse zonke iimeko zemozulu. Yintoni usenokuphila ku SU-25 description? Ezona mpawu yokusebenza -moya ubhetyebhetye ukuze bakwazi ukunikela yonke incwadi! Nangona kunjalo, zama ukwenza inqaku entle elifutshane.

Lo moya wokuqala kwenziwa ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 1975. Lo matshini isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukususela 1981, iinqwelo inxaxheba zonke ungquzulwano kwi kwintsimi lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, hayi nje kuphela. Isiqephu yokugcina isicelo - imfazwe ngo-2008 Ossetia ngonyaka. Namhla siyazi ukuba olu ngcelele moya ukuhlasela iya kuba kwinkonzo yomkhosi yethu ubuncinane de 2020, kodwa - kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni zokuguqulwa mihla kunye umyalelo karhulumente zokuqhubekeka kokukhululwa kwabo - igama ishenxiselwe ngokucacileyo ngokungenammiselo. Okwangoku, Russia ezimalunga 200 Su-25. iimpawu Technical koomatshini umi kodityaniso zixhaswa ukuphuculwa babo njalo kwimeko mihla.

imvelaphi ye

Ehlabathini phakathi 60s eziphambili yamajoni eSoviet Union kunye United States ngokwemigaqo utshintsho olukhulu. Ngelo xesha kwacaca ukuba kude yamonga ingcamango yokuwela utshaba ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya - ukuzibulala ngqiqweni emhlabeni wonke. Bonke bafika kwisigqibo sokuba simele sinikele ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba kwamazwe ezimbini zomkhosi kwakhona ihlawulwe ingqalelo kuphuhliso Aviation Committe engangempi ephambili awayeza zonke kwiimpixano kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Kuloo minyaka, eSoviet Union baba bexhobile: MIG-19, MIG-21, Su-7B, kunye Yak-28. Aba matshini ke entle kakhulu, kodwa ukuba asebenze ngqo phezu ledabi kakhulu akulunganga. Baye ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu moya, kodwa ngenxa yokuba engakwazi ukuba ngamaqhinga kwaye betha ekujoliswe ezincinane. Ukongeza, umnqamlezo kwiimpawu zazo ukubetha yokuba bikho ndawo; ngokuba ekujoliswe emhlabeni ukuhlasela komhlaba ezi indiza yingozi ofayo nawuphi na umpu. Kwaba ngoko ukuba ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze SU-25 ezazenziwe. iinkcukacha zobugcisa umatshini omtsha kufuneka abe nento ukuphinda abo ngenxa edume IL-2: izikrweqe, né, isantya encinane andize kwezikhali.

inkcazelo emfutshane malunga nophuhliso

Ngenxa yoko, abantu babedinga moya ezizodwa. Kungekudala Sukhoi walungiselela iprojekthi T-8, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa iinjineli kwi kwayo. Ngaphandle kwakhe, ngowe-1969 ukhuphiswano ubuhanjelwe Il-102, kodwa kwixesha elizayo, "Grach" kakuhle engafani ubukhulu bakhe, nezikrweqe, uphume encinane. Kungenxa yoko le nto "ekhishini" uphuhliso kokukhanya okuluhlaza yanikwa, kunye kuhlaselwa ngembeko lidlulile zonke iimvavanyo. Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba i abayili baye basebenzisa xa kudalwa umgaqo ubuninzi isithuthi survivability ekulweni phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko.

Ingakumbi eninzi ingqalelo yahlawulwa ubuchule ukuze simelane nemiphumela MANPADS kuhlaselwa moya, ngelo xesha yaqala ukubonakala endle semkhosini into engaba yotshaba. Ukuba US "Stingers" waba yintloko ngokwenene-ntaka yethu e Afghanistan, kungoko onke amanyathelo athathiweyo abazange ezingasafunekiyo.

"Tank" ukhetho

Thile ngokwahlukileyo wadala Su-25T. Imbali, iimpawu ingalo yayo zinxulumana ngqo kunye nophuhliso kwezithuthi vehicles kwexesha. NATO wenze ubhejo phezu iitanki lokugqibela enzima ngokugqibeleleyo ikhuselwe, yaye ke ngoko kucelwa okhethekileyo "zenyathi" ukuhlaselwa moya, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwenye bayahlaselwa ngesantya asezantsi, ngokubonelela intshabalalo ekujoliswe ngcono.

Yamkela le ukuguqulwa wavunywa ngo 1993. Ngokungafaniyo standard "Rook" lincinane, kodwa. Kumanyano nenqwelo-moya "umzali" - 85%. Umahluko omkhulu i izixhobo abalibona ogqibeleleyo yaye imijukujelwa anti-itanki complex "isivunguvungu". Ngelishwa, ekuweni Union of the cars 12 Wakha, 8 kuphela eRashiya. Enye imveliso kunye yotshintsho ezi ntaka zaye zenziwa. Okulusizi kukuba, i-Su-25T, iimpawu yokusebenza ezivumela ngokuzithemba hit zonke iitanki Western, akusekho ukubhabha wambatha yokupaka banaphakade kwiziko Lipetsk.

Main:

Designing ungenziwa kusetyenziswa esekwe kakuhle uqwalaselo eziqhelekileyo ashukimisayo kunye nesikhundla esiphakamileyo bethwele enamaphiko. Ngokungafaniyo Fighters, ngenxa ukuhlasela esi sigqibo ufumana iqondo ubuninzi uphume ngesantya subsonic.

Kangangexesha elide iingcali belwa loqwalaselo eliphezulu ashukimisayo lo matshini, kodwa ke khange zitshone akulambathanga; kukho amazinga aphezulu wokuphakamisa kuzo zonke iintlobo yokulwa angenelela, omoya ezigqwesileyo flight, uphume esemagqabini xa esiza ukuhlasela ekujoliswe emhlabeni. Ngenxa omoya ekhethekileyo SU-25, iimpawu zobugcisa nekuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku, kukukwazi ukuya kwi uhlaselo kwi engile amanqam, ngexesha ilondoloza ukhuseleko eliphezulu flight. Ngaphezu koko, lo moya nga ukuntywila ngesantya ukuya ku-700 km / h, ngexesha ukuba ukuthambeka degrees 30.

Yonke loo nto, kwakunye uluhlu ebalaseleyo bucala, hayi kanye ukuba abaqhubi ukuba babuyele siyimise kwi injini omnye kuphela, lo fuselage, ngenxa labahlatyiweyo ibubutyobo neziqhushumbisi of imijukujelwa kunye iimbumbulu MANPADS guns umatshini enzima.

ukhuseleko imoto

Zonke yokusebenza moya Su-25 uya kubiza kancinane, ukuba kungekhona iqondo ukhuselo matshini. A iqondo ophezulu. ubunzima isuka "Rook" ingaphezulu kwe-7% yenziwe lweziqalelo ze umlinganiselo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokhuselo. Ubunzima olu hlobo yinto ton ngakumbi! Zonke iinkqubo moya kubalulekile nje kuphela kakhulu akhuselwe, kodwa zenze. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo developers Sukhoi ehlawulwa ekukhuseleni kwenkqubo amafutha kunye moya.

philisi yakhe yonke senziwe ABVT-20 titanium ingxubevange. Ububanzi isikrweqe (kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo) ukusuka mm-10 ukuya kuma-24. Nkqu Injengokubengezela lemoto i monolithic block TSK-137 ngo-65 mm ubukhulu, enika ukhuseleko pilot evela iimbumbulu, kuquka abanjalo elikhulu kunene. Ukutyeba bronespinki pilot - 10 mm. Intloko ekhusela imbasa 6mm. Not okubi, akunjalo na? Kodwa loo nto bonke.

Kuzo zonke iindawo umqhubi biyela zokudubula bodidi lwemipu 12.7 mm ebandakanya wonke, yaye kwingqikelelo ngaphambili ukuthintela isibetho ukusuka isixhobo barreled, zizicatshulwa apho ukuya ku-30 mm ebandakanya wonke. Ngokufutshane, i-Su-25, iimpawu zobugcisa abaphesheya indumiso, uyakwazi ukumelana hayi kuphela yena kodwa ubomi yolingo, yena lowo uyakwazi ukuwenza.

Malunga amathuba ngobungxamo

Xa likaxakeka, umqhubi yosindiso iimpendulo isilinge isihlalo K-36L. Ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindlela moya, kuwo onke ngesantya kunye neemeko zemozulu. Phambi ejection semithi into kwakhona ukusetyenziswa squibs. isihlalo Ejection wenziwa ngesandla yi umqhubi kufuneka ngaxeshanye ukutsala izibambo ezimbini.

moya ukuhlasela kwezikhali

Kakade ke, lo Su-25 neempawu ezithile kunye nobugcisa 'Grach' zazo kuxoxwa ngazo kumaphepha kweli nqaku, asimsebenzi nje kakuhle exhobileyo. Lixhotyiswe ngemipu moya, phezu umthwalo yangaphandle ukuba babenamathele ngokukhokelwa neebhombu engakhokelwa, Nursi, kwakunye imijukujelwa ekhokelwa 'umoya-to-moya. " Zonke abayili zibandakanya amathuba a kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-32 iintlobo izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. The main Abasebenzi - inkanunu mm-30 GS-30-2.

Qaphela ukuba zonke ezi nkcazelo Su-25K imveliso 8 series, leyo ngoku umi kwinkonzo ye-Russian Federation Air Force. Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo (njengoko Su-25T), kodwa aba matshini zincinane ukuze nayiphi indima ethile abayidlalayo. Kodwa makhe sibuyele ukubhengezwa iimpawu "Rook".

Ezinye izixhobo - attachments, umiselwe ngokuxhomekeke iimpawu wemisebenzi ngexesha edabini kuya kufuneka siwuqwalasele selinge moya ukuhlasela. Phantsi kwephiko ngalinye linamanqaku ukunqunyanyiswa ezintlanu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo. imijukujelwa ekhokelwa zifakwe kwi izindululi APU-60 isibonelo kwabanye zibhombu, imijukujelwa, kunye Nursi na iipayiloni uchwetheze CDD-25. ukutshatyalaliswa ubunzima obukhulu ithetha ukuba leliphi yisa uhlaselo, oko 4400 kg.

iimpawu yokusebenza Key

Ukuze ukwazi Ubucinga ukuba ikwazi Su-25, iimpawu zobugcisa isiphumo kakuhle lokugqibela kuluhlu:

• chopho Full - 14,36 m.
• Iyonke Aircraft ubude - 15.36 m.
• Housing ukuphakama - 4,80 m.
• Le ndawo wing iyonke - 33,70 m.
• ubunzima ongenanto - 9500 kg.
• Umgangatho Ubunzima ngexesha elinye - 14600 kg.
• Obukhulu ubunzima ngexesha elinye - 17600 kg.
• Uhlobo injini - 2hTRD P-195 (kwi-moya yokuqala - R95SH).
• isantya esiphezulu elwandle - 975 km / h.
• uluhlu obukhulu (nge xhoba iitanki) - 1850 km.
• Embindini ka kumphakamo ophezulu - 1250 km.
• Umda we ukubhabha phezu komhlaba, kwiimeko yokulwa - 750 km.
• Flight yophahla - 10 km.
• ukuphakama olusebenzayo yokulwa yengqesho (max.) - 5 km.
• sindisa obukhulu ngayo imo yokulwa - 6.5 G.
• Eli qela - a pilot.

Ngaba uyazi apho moya Su-25, iimpawu yokuqala ixesha obuvunyiweyo yezobugcisa esiye nje ngazo?

Afghanistan

NgoMatshi 1980, koomatshini iqela, nakuba olunamandla iinjineli abanalo ixesha awazise ezinqwenelekayo "imeko", koko wathunyelwa Afghanistan. Bandisa abazange babe namava efanelekileyo imfazwe ezintabeni, le isikhululo seenqwelo-moya ngokwayo lalikhona kakuhle ngaphezu komgangatho wolwandle. Ngenxa kwiiveki zokuqala iqela flight ukuqhubeka iphucule amaqhinga kunye kutyhilwa 'izifo ebuntwaneni "moya, olubonwa ngokukodwa iimeko ezinzima entabeni.

Kwiveki yesibini, ayibobuchule omtsha sele inxaxheba kwiphondo Farakh. Kwaye kwangoko kwacaca ukuba yiSoviet Union kwaba moya obalaseleyo ukuhlasela. Nangona isibakala sokuba iinjineli ekungalindelekanga ekhuthazwayo omninzi wokuqala "ehlasela" iimbumbulu ukukhathaza ukuya kwiitoni, kwabakho imfuneko ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngokungafaniyo Su-17, nto leyo ingathatha ubuninzi iitoni 1.5 of iziqhushumbisi ze, ukuhlasela omtsha kuvuselwa ezulwini ezisibhozo namaqokobhe pyatisotkilogrammovyh enzima evumela komhlaba ngonaphakade itywiniweyo nemiqolomba, leyo wabafihla Mujahideen. Nditsho ke, emkhosini waza wangumququzeleli ukwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kumatshini ibe inkonzo.

Le ukulwa MANPADS

Ngenxa yemigudu baseMerika kunye Chinese Afghanistan ngokukhawuleza kwavela MANPADS mihla. Yokulwa nazo izakhiwo emsebenzini kusetyenziswa aco-2, apho cassette ngamnye 32 apho IR mgibe. On zonke moya nokuxhonywa ezisibhozo ezinjalo izakhiwo. Oku kuvumela i pilot kunye ingozi encinci ukuba bazibophelele shturmovok yesithoba sortie nganye.