Amacala sleepers kaloliwe ngamaplanga. Okuye kwabethelelwa sleepers eziphathekayo: Imilinganiselo

sleepers Railway - inkalo noshowo umgca iqhosha elihambelanayo. On umgangatho yabo ixhomekeke ngqo kuzinzo kwezibonelelo. ERashiya, wasebenzisa ngomthi luqiniswe nezakhiwo eziphathekayo. Ngokubhekiselele kumi inani imigangatho ezibalulekileyo ezichaza imilinganiselo. Yintoni Okukodwa wabo?

Ucalulo ngohlobo sleepers yeplanga

Amacala sleepers eyenziwe ngomthi, ngokuhambelana nemigangatho karhulumente, kufuneka masihambelane hlobo yayo. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ukuhlelwa element of the kaloliwe.

Phakathi zixhaphakileyo - ukutyunjwa. Ngoko ke, lo sleepers bohlulwa babe abo eyenzelwe:

- engundoqo track 1, 2 okanye Class 3 rd ukuba mninzi traffic lwabo ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 tonnes / km ngonyaka, okanye oololiwe asebenza kwi kwisantya ngaphaya kwe-100 km / h.

- main iindlela 3 kunye neeklasi 4, ufikelelo (umsebenzi olunzulu), olawulo, kunye nezikhululo receiving--;

- naziphi na iindlela na kwabangelwa iklasi 5, kuquka isikhululo, ukuze sibenokubizwa njengendawo esezantsi ezinoxinano, kwakunye namanye, ukuba luphawulwa zokushenxisela intshukumo kumazwe-hlobo.

Ngenxa ezahlukahlukeneyo kukulayinisha up xa ukusetyenziswa, ngokulandelelana, mna, II kunye neendidi III sleepers. Ethetha ngabo ifakiwe, ukuze izikhombisi ezikumgangatho ofanayo.

ukufuma factor

Umrholo of sleepers kaloliwe eyenziwe ngomthi kunokuxhomekeka phezu inqanaba isiqulatho sokufuma. Kuthetha ukuthini? Isibakala sokuba amaxabiso ezichaphazelekayo ifanele ukufuma elingagqithanga 22%. Ukuba lo mzobo ngaphezu kwexabiso elibekiweyo, ubungakanani tayi kufuneka ziphathwe kunye nezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze shrinkage. ixabiso layo ixhomekeka kuhlobo iinkuni - sapling okanye oluqinile. Imfuneko efanayo ikwafunyanwa ngokunxulumene emnqamlezweni-amacandelo kaloliwe amaqhina ahlanganisiweyo.

Nokumelana zobukhulu sleepers zizonke

isayizi sleepers ukuze athambise imithetho ezibekwe imigangatho karhulumente, xa umqolo wamaxabiso ezamkelekileyo. Ngokuphathelele ubude - yi-20 mm, ubukhulu - 5 mm. Kwakhona, kukho nokumelana, neemeko Ububanzi dama, ukuphakama emacaleni, umgama phakathi nezitshixo ukutenxa kwabo iasi eme nkqo ye olele.

ubukhulu umgangatho sleepers yeplanga

Ngoku khawucinge, enyanisweni, yini kube ubungakanani sleepers ngomthi kaloliwe (kaloliwe), ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo.

Ngokumalunga izinto umkhondo kaloliwe lohlobo mna, ngoko amanani kufuneka ube:

- ubukhulu - 180 mm (ukunyamezelana 5 mm);

- ubude macala uthe wagawulwa - 150 mm;

- ububanzi umaleko top - 180-210 mm;

- ububanzi umaleko ephantsi - 250 mm (ukunyamezelana 5 mm);

- ubude - 2750 mm (kuvumelekile hlengiso uluhlu-20 mm).

Ngokuphathelele uhlobo olele II, imilinganiso yalo, kufuneka ufezekise ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

- ubukhulu - 160 mm (ukunyamezelana 5 mm);

- ubude macala uthe wagawulwa - 130 mm;

- ububanzi umaleko top - 180-210 mm;

- ububanzi umaleko ephantsi - 230 mm (a nokunyamezela 5 mm);

- ubude - 2750 mm (ukwahluka kuvunyelwa ngaphakathi 20 mm).

Ngenxa yoko, le sleepers yohlobo III kufuneka ukuba kufezekise ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

- ubukhulu - 150 mm (ukutenxa kuvunyelwa 5 mm);

- ubude macala uthe wagawulwa - 105 mm;

- ububanzi umaleko top - 140-190 mm;

- ububanzi umaleko ephantsi - 230 mm (a nokunyamezela 5 mm);

- ubude - 2750 mm (kuvumelekile hlengiso uluhlu-20 mm).

Ngenxa yoko, siye sahlolisisa iimfuneko ubungakanani sleepers kaloliwe ngomthi ukubeka imigangatho karhulumente. Kodwa isakhiwo track kaloliwe kukho enye into ebalulekileyo womthi olusetyenziselwa kunye sleepers - nemivalo komunye. Hlola, ke, imilinganiselo zisekwa urhulumente ngokunxulumene yobukhulu bawo.

Amacala lweswitshi ubuhlobo Iinqobo zokugweba

Njengoko izilinganiso sleepers, amanani angqinelanayo eziplangeni azichazwanga ngokohlobo lwazo. Izizathu ukuhlelwa i element yemizila kaloliwe nazo ezimbalwa. Phakathi isitshixo, njengoko kunjalo xa kujongwa ubungakanani sleepers, - ukuqeshwa.

Ngaloo ndlela, iibhodi zingasetyenziswa:

- on the yimiqolo eziphambili 1, 2 okanye Class 3 rd sachaza mninzi zendlela ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-50 tons / km ngonyaka ngamnye, kwakunye isantya intshukumo koololiwe ezingaphezu kwe-100 km / h;

- on the yimiqolo eziphambili besive iiklasi-2, 3 no-4, ufikelelo (izisebenzi), kwakunye hlengisa nokufumana-anokufumaneka kwizikhululo;

- ngeendlela ukuba kwabangelwa iklasi 5, kuquka isikhululo ezithathwa nje ukufikelela ophantsi ezinoxinano kunye nezinye iinkcukacha kwi intshukumo uhlobo zokushenxisela-kwamanye amazwe.

Wathi iindlela kunxibelelana mna, II kunye neendidi III ushintshele amaqhina.

Njengoko kwimeko kwamaqhina, iye ixabiso lwesalathisi ukufuma. Ngenxa yoko, imilinganiselo umgangatho amaqhina utshintsho, luphawulwa ukufuma abangaphezu kwe-22%, kufuneka ingqalelo ngokumalunga izibonelelo eziyimfuneko okusula. Njengoko kunjalo zemigangatho esicacisa izilinganiso sleepers, kule imeko luye ixabiso iintlobo neenkuni ezisetyenziselwa eyimveliso iibhodi - hardwood okanye sapling. Kwimeko yokuqala iikhrayitheriya ezifunekayo eziqulathwe kwi GOST 6782.1-75, elinesibini - iindwendwe ezisetyenzisiweyo 6782.2.-75.

Siza kufunda indlela yaye xa wabancina sleepers zomthi, ubukhulu nemivalo yayo correlative ukuba uhlobo lwabo.

Amacala obophe switsha ngokohlobo

Xa kufikwa liye emivalweni uhlobo mna, iimpawu zabo kufuneka ingqinelane nezithethe zexabiso zilandelayo:

- -180 mm ubukhulu (hlengiso kuvunyelwa ngaphakathi 5 mm);

- ububanzi umaleko top - 220 mm (banzi), 200 mm (ububanzi);

- ububanzi umaleko ephantsi - 260 mm;

- ukuphakama icala uthe wagawulwa - 150 mm.

- ububanzi eziqalelo umqadi nepropilennym - mm 300;

NeeBhari uhlobo II kufuneka abe neempawu zilandelayo:

- -160 mm ubukhulu (phakathi ukungazinyamezeli we-5 mm);

- ububanzi eliphezulu maleko 220 mm (br), - 175 mm (normal);

- ububanzi umaleko ephantsi - 250 mm;

- ukuphakama icala uthe wagawulwa - 130 mm.

- ububanzi eziqalelo umqadi nepropilennym - 280 mm;

Malunga uhlobo iibhodi III efakiweyo migangatho ilandelayo:

- ubukhulu - 160 mm (phakathi ukungazinyamezeli we-5 mm);

- ububanzi umaleko top - 200 mm (ububanzi), 175 mm (normal);

- ububanzi umaleko ephantsi - 230 mm;

- ukuphakama icala uthe wagawulwa - 130 mm;

- ububanzi eziqalelo umqadi nepropilennym - 260 mm.

Ubude iiplanga: lekhefu imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo

Kodwa yintoni na izalathi si zokunikwa ubude bar? Ngokwahlukileyo kwimigangatho elawula ubungakanani sleepers kaloliwe ngamaplanga (kaloliwe) xa onke amaxabiso ixhomekeka kuhlobo isiqalelo ahambelanayo, ibonisa ukuthobela kakhulu ngqongqo imilinganiselo, kwimeko imivalo - ubude iikhrayitheriya ezisetyenziswa ngawo onke iintlobo. Ngaphezu koko, imigangatho musa ukubeka nesalathisi ethile, kwaye lokuphumla - ukusuka kwiimitha ezi-3 ukuya 5.5 kunye iziqu ka-0.25 m kunye unxaxho kuvunyelwe phakathi-20 mm.

imiqadi Bridge: Okukodwa emgangathweni

Ngoko ke, siye wajonga oko imigangatho elawula ubungakanani sleepers kaloliwe ngamaplanga (kaloliwe) yaye ukongeza kuyo isakhiwo amalaphu amaplanga kaloliwe. Kodwa ke kukho enye ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Oku malunga imivalo kwebhulorho. Kanye njengokuba kaloliwe ulawulwa sleepers-resolution, Isalathisi akhutheleyo licandelo yomelezwe zikaloliwe kwakhona ezisisigxina imigangatho karhulumente. Siza kufunda ngakumbi le nkcukacha.

Nesixhobo zokwakha nocamba kwebhulorho - iinkuni. isayizi yazo ingqinelana ukuya kwenye parameter - ubungakanani candelo emnqamlezweni, kunye njengezalathisi lwenene ukulahlwa. Owona imfuneko yamaplanga - imilo yoxande. izinto ezifanelekileyo lwelayini neyesiporo cross-candelo:

- 220 x 240 mm;

- mm 220 ukuya 260.

imiqadi Bridge kweendidi zombini, Noko ke, kufuneka ube ubude obufanayo - 3250 mm. Kodwa ngokwemiqathango komgangatho nokumelana izikhombisi zinokwahluka. Ngoko ke, ngokuba imivalo necandelo umnqamlezo 220 x 240 mm ecaleni ngokupheleleyo kuba no thabatha 2 mm (ubukhulu) 15 mm (ubude). Ngokuphathelele uhlobo yesibini lweziqalelo zoololiwe nakwezinye iimo ezalathayo. Ngenxa yoko, zokulungisa ubukhulu ukuya imivalo 220 kunye necandelo umnqamlezo 260 mm enganikwanga, kwakunye ubude, kodwa ububanzi elilinganayo njengoko kumisiwe ezikumgangatho 3 mm.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba isivumelwano kunye umthengi ingenziwa kunye namanye amacandelo iiplanga - 220 ukuya kuma-280 no 240 x 300 mm nokuba ubude 4.2 m.

Njengoko kunjalo kunye nemigangatho elawula ubungakanani uleleyo ngamaplanga (kaloliwe), izikhombisi ubude iibhodi ibhulorho esifakelwa iimveliso ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elithile ukufuma. Kulo mzekelo - 20%. Ukuba imiqadi ibhulorho kuya ukufuma ngakumbi, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele iimfuno ubungakanani kunye nezibonelelo eziyimfuneko shrinkage - ngokuhambelana GOST 6782.1-75.

sleepers eziphathekayo: yokuhlela

Enye indlela sleepers yeplanga unokuba ufakelo lwesamente. Ezi mveliso isetyenziswa kwi zeendlela. Kuwela kudidi lwe pre-ndixinezelekile. Basetyenziswa ukuba ngokubekwa neentsimbi uhlobo P75, P65, kunye P50. Kukho izizathu ezininzi ukuhlelwa sleepers eziphathekayo:

- ngohlobo ngokuzikhanyeza naLindiili;

- ngokuba imicu iintlobo;

- nge ngeempawu kagesi zokwambathisa;

- inqanaba nomgangatho mveliso.

Kule meko sixhalabile kunye kwiimpawu yokuqala - inkqubo apho neentsimbi zigxunyekwe sleepers eziphathekayo. zobukhulu Product kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ichazwe kanye ngokwesiseko iimpawu yindlela efanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo uncamathiselo kwi sleepers komzila zezi:

- uhlobo GW1 yenzelwe ngesibopheleli ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa ngezikhonkwane imibhobho ingaphakathi kwi olele;

- R2 uhlobo, yenzelwe bond engenakususwa kunye nezitshixo nge-attachment kwi tayi kuphela nqanawa kodwa kaloliwe;

- Nd3 uhlobo elungiselelwe bond engenakususwa kunye nezitshixo yi uncamathiselo ngqo ukuya olele kaloliwe.

sleepers eziphathekayo: imilinganiselo kunye nezinye iparameters

Isibaluli ibalulekileyo egqiba ofunekayo parameters sleepers eziphathekayo - nokunikezelwa kwayo ukuya kwenye lweentlobo ngasentla.

Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho iqhina, ezithathwa nje SH1, kufuneka abe neempawu zilandelayo:

- umgama efunekayo phakathi imiphetho abutment - 2016 mm;

- Umgama phakathi kungqameko ezahlukahlukeneyo imveliso ekupheleni - 406 mm;

- amanqaku kwicandelo ngaphantsi-kaloliwe ukuphakama - 193 mm;

- Product ukuphakama kwicandelo eliphakathi - 145 mm.

uhlobo olele GK2 kufuneka abe neempawu zilandelayo:

- umgama ezohlula kungqameko abutment - 2016 mm;

- Umgama phakathi kungqameko ezahlukahlukeneyo imveliso ekupheleni - 406 mm;

- amanqaku kwicandelo ngaphantsi-kaloliwe ukuphakama - 193 mm;

- Product ukuphakama kwicandelo eliphakathi - 145 mm.

Sleepers, ezithathwa nje R3, kufuneka ufezekise ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

- umgama ezohlula kungqameko abutment - 1966 mm;

- Umgama phakathi kungqameko ezahlukahlukeneyo imveliso ekupheleni - 359 mm;

- phantsi-kaloliwe kwecandelo ukuphakama - 193 mm;

- ubude kwicandelo eliphakathi - 145 mm.

Ezi iimpawu eziphambili zalo, ngokungqinelana nemigangatho karhulumente, kufuneka ukuba kuqiniswe olele eziphathekayo. imilinganiso yalo ngokwemigaqo ubude nobubanzi ngokufuthi fixed - ngokulandelelana 300 2700 mm. Ukungaqheleki zokuhlawula ezinokuthelekiswa kunye nezo abhalwe iimveliso ziinkuni, izinto eziphathekayo yemigangatho karhulumente unganikezelwanga. sleepers Ubungakanani kaloliwe lohlobo efanelekileyo akuthethi ukwahluka correlative kunye ukufuma kunye neminye imiba yokusingqongileyo.

Amaqhina ngomthi kwaye luqiniswe eziphathekayo: commonalities nomahluko ezingundoqo

Ziziphi ezinye umahluko omkhulu onokubonwa phakathi eziphathekayo izinto ngomthi? Okokuqala, yintoni umahluko, ukuze sleepers - imilinganiselo. Ubunzima - Kwakhona dissimilarity ebalulekileyo umbandela iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Inani for sleepers yeplanga - malunga 80-85 kg ye ngekhonkrithi - malunga 270 kg. Ububanzi zombini ezahlukene kakhulu. Sleepers, ugodo, nemilinganiselo esiye eziphicothwe kwindawo yokuqala? ngokwembali zamandulela ufakelo lwesamente, kodwa sekunjalo akazange ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka kwayo. Ngaphezu koko, baye kwiqela lokulungileyo ezibalulekileyo - ngendleko ephantsi, lula zokuhamba, ukutshintshwa kunye nokuthuthwa, uzinzo overload.