Su-34: inkcazelo nokubalulwa. ukundiza empini

Oku ngakumbi njenge interceptor bomber. Uye isiteketiso ongamiselwanga "Duck" eveliswa ngenxa luhlobo oluthile lwe yesaphetha. Kude kube kutshanje siye wabhala ngaye iimathiriyeli kancinane, kodwa ngoku amajelo eendaba kudla ngokubhalwa ukuba isibhakabhaka waseSiriya Su-34 kunye Su-24M lisetyenziswa uqhankqalazo eliphezulu-ngqo kule migca woqhakamshelwano, ikomkhulu kunye ezweni karhulumente terrorist LIH. Kungaphikiswa ukuba ezi ekuhlaseleni yangaphambili-line baye baba nodumo. On omnye wabo uya kuba ibali.

History and prototype

Iimfuno ukuya interceptor kunye bomber Committe ezahlukeneyo kunye noko macala kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, le abenzi moya eSoviet sele benamava yotshintsho moya mbono kwi ukuhlasela. I 'nenkomo "odumileyo - Pe-2 - phambi kokuba akhawulwe imfazwe njenge twin-injini umlweli enzima ukuphakama. Defense idinga "repurpose" ube bomber emanzini, yaye hlengisa ngathi eziyingxaki, yajika kakuhle kakhulu. Kwenzeka into efanayo kunye interceptor Su-27. Ngowe-1986, Sukhoi waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla zokuwaguqula nefuthe, wamkela T-10b, ukuze abone, ekugqibeleni, ingqiqo ka "moya ukuhlasela" jikelele ikwazi ukuthwala yokulwa umthwalo kakhulu ukuba umsebenzi edabini kwaye ubuphothophotho ngokwaneleyo ukulwa emva moya yotshaba. Kwinkqubo yoyilo abayili, kwacaca ukuba kwigunjana "Yathetheka" eqhelekileyo akafanelanga kusetyenziselwa le njongo. eyona nto ibalulekileyo yenziwa ngo-1990: i impumlo elitsha odumileyo "kumlomo dada". Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-nineties, i Su-34 iye yazuza igama layo esemthethweni (yena ibavelele T-10b-5 kunye Su-32FN). Kodwa akazange amkele ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngo-2014.

nokubonakala umahluko ocacileyo

Ngaphandle moya ekulweni Su-34 kuyafana "ukhokho" lunalo Su-27, ubuncinane kude. A loviwo eneenkcukacha nkqu engumshumayeli ukubamba ezinye iiyantlukwano ezicacileyo emehlweni. Isaphetha pilot zandiswa ahlale ecaleni kwenye, kunokuba omnye emva komnye, unamandla ngaphezu izixhobo ebikhona ziintsimbi, yaye, ke, lo impumlo. Xa uqala kuqala, ngokubanzi, yaye bonke. Ngokwalo zobugcisa, oku kuthetha ukuba uyilo isiseko elele isiwuza interceptor Su-27 iphawulwa njenge dvuhkilevoe uyilo eqhelekileyo ashukimisayo kunye bekwilift zonke-ezihambayo. Not kubonakala kwangoko uninitiated iliso zobude (xa kuthelekiswa ne kwase) unokukhawuleza nengcambu iphiko, isibalo umoya ezingalawulwayo, ezingenamaphiko ventral kunye nokwandisa inani hardpoints yangaphandle. Ngokuba zonke ezifanayo yayo interceptor Su-34 - i bomber Committe kwaye ke ngoko, kufuneka ngaphezu nakude ngaphezu prototype yayo.

igumbi lokulala enqanaweni

Ngoku utshintsho design oko kungenziwa ngokweenkcukacha. Okokuqala sonke siya kujolisa kakhulu ezicacileyo iinkcukacha imbonakalo. Zegumbi Su-34 kabini, umnyango walo ikhutshwa phandle isithambeka kancinane hlaza ngohlangothi eliphezulu ukukhuhla esemva isaphetha enezinto yokubeka. Oku lula kakhulu inkqubo zokuboleka umqhubi esasihamba lezihlalo zabo. Eli qela ngexesha esemoyeni inikwa zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze yokuhlala ekhululekile, kuquka isixhobo kufudumeze ukutya, emoyeni iselwa kunye isixhobo Cesspool. Ukuba umntu ucinga pilot bahlala, yena wayekwazi kwaye zilifudumeza - isithuba oku kakhulu ngokwaneleyo.

Kodwa Su-34 nje kuphela ukhululekile ergonomic. crew Sukhoi nakekela yokhuseleko: oko kwi bronekapsuly titanium okhethekileyo ogama ukusebenza sele ihlolwe practice. Ehlabathini ubuchwepheshe usetyenziswa kuyilo moya ukuhlasela Su-25. lantern emenyezelayo kwaye zithembeke vehicles.

iinjini

iintlobo ezimbini injini turbofan AL-31F kunye ecaleni ratio ilingana 0,571, nokuphuhlisa kuhlatywa iitoni 12.5 nganye, kodwa afterburning ungadibanisa omnye kg 300.

Ngokubanzi, iyunithi amandla iyafana njengoko Su-27. Mhlawumbi oku Ayilo nani elikhulu enjalo, ingakumbi xa siqwalasele indlela ubunzima kakhulu-moya Su-34. VK Russian Federation, Noko ke, bakholelwa ukuba amandla ngokwaneleyo ukukhuphisana esibhakabhakeni kunye American F-15, yezenziwe ukusombulula ezinye lamaphulo efanayo. Kukho kwakhona iinketho iinjini AL-35F, afterburner ezemfundo ukuya okulahlwayo 14 saliphosa.

Kwi-ibhodi elektroniki

I Su-34 ifakwe avionics ezintsha ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ethatha ingqalelo iimfuno kukuthembeka ophezulu (ngenxa zilala) kwaye ivumela imveliso kujoliswe ngokuzenzekelayo, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ukhokelo satellite. lomqolo Detection (nokuba izinto ezincinci) yafikelela km 250. Oku kusebenza ukufuna lweenqanawa ezintywilayo (nokuba bathe bakhulisa kuphela periscopes abo), ubukrelekrele, ukufumana amanzi kwiindawo geni, njalo njalo. N. Ke iingxaki zokusebenza ngqo kujoliswe phezu edabini, ngoko oku uphawu kwi "amehlo 'ifestile kunye nolawulo umlilo isigcina-imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ukuba ungakwazi kakhulu ukunciphisa ixesha isigqibo. Loo uluhlu olubanzi ibiya kuba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa-high speed isiseko kwimpahla yentsimbi ye computer.

inkqubo fuel

Ukwandisa uluhlu-moya zifuna amafutha. itanki Zine (ezintathu phakathi fuselage kunye iphiko elinye), nakwinkqubo emoyeni yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi ekudaleni iimeko ukuhlaselwa kwiithagethi ezikude, nto leyo izisa ithuba Su-34 iisampuli qhinga. Bha sliding ezimbini, yenzelwe ukusebenza kunye zidlula umoya Il-76 kunye nezinye yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi, lo kwezikhali ye-Russian Federation skype. Kwakhona, ukwandisa uluhlu ukubhabha ukunqunyanyiswa ikhuthaza ithuba kwamatanki lwangaphandle anokulahlwa isanda.

crew indlela yosindiso

Bandisa bathathe iindawo zabo ngokusebenzisa indlela yazo ephantsi, edlula umsantsa kwidesika, kwaye aphume moya xa moya yaphela ngaphandle kwesiganeko. Engango kwenziwa eqhelekileyo, phezulu, kwaye isantya nokuphakama abanalo amaxabiso. Ngoncedo izihlalo ejection K-36DM yokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka ivele ekhuselekileyo ngokwaneleyo, ilungu ngalinye crew unxunguphalo eziphathwayo, baxhotyiswa kunye CTLI irediyo, isihlenga ubomi, ngezixhobo zoncedo lokuqala, ukutya kunye nezinye yokusindisa emva kokufika. Xa ibhabha ubomi obuqhelekileyo yi coveralls antigravity isiqinisekiso, nezigcina-ntloko zokuzikhusela neoksijini reserve.

chassis

Ukwandisa ubunzima ngexesha elinye kwaye lilawulwe iimfuno ezizodwa kwisisu semoto entsha - kuye kwaba unamandla ngakumbi, buyo-uhlobo. umonakalo kunokwenzeka xa kuthe ungquzulwano ngokupheleleyo wamajoni, moya ka zokuchopha kunye nemeko engundoqo yaba kwendawo ukuba Su-34 kunye sites ngaphantsi uzilungiselele.

Indiza entsha engundoqo baba bulkier kuthelekiswa Su-27, nto leyo efunekayo isithuba ezongezelelweyo kwi fuselage. Kungenxa yoko le nto isibalo umoya zoomatshini lula.

izikhali

Ukulungiselela ezahlukeneyo kweenkqubo izixhobo, kukho amathathu node ventral ukunqunyanyiswa lwangaphandle kunye underwing ezisibhozo. Ngaphandle kwabo, ukuba unalo eyakhelwe-bomber kunaso ukuvuleka 30 mm GS-301 uhlobo. Ngoko ke ukuba ucinge ngendlela zonke iinketho kunokwenzeka ukuba uphuhliso bume zokusebenza akwenzeki, yaye njengendlela yokulwa lomoya. Soyisa moya utshaba kwi zibe abe imijukujelwa ukuya ku elinambini "umoya-to-moya" uhlobo P-27 ubude-uluhlu okanye eliphakathi-8 (P-77) okanye ephantsi (P-73). Kodwa hayi dogfighting iindidi wadala edume Su-34. isixhobo Onemisebenzi ngokuchanileyo eliphezulu kuchaphazela ekujoliswe emhlabeni. Oku ezinamaphiko X-59M (3 iiPC.), Yaye imijukujelwa anti-nqanawa eqhelekileyo, abancediswayo iziqhushumbisi engakhokelwa (fougasses ukusuka kg 100 ukuya 500) kunye Nursaya e amakhasethi.

iimpawu

Iilinganiselo ngokubanzi malunga iyafana naleyo Su-27 (14.7 m - amaphiko ayo, 22 m - ubude kunye 6 m - ukuphakama). ubunzima Normal uhambo - iitoni ezingama-39, nto leyo ngaphezu interceptor enzima, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe uninzi ekuhlaseleni ezithile. Noko ke, mhlawumbi ngaphezu kwe-44 m kwi bomthwalo. Lo moya ungakwazi ukufikelela ngesantya 900 km / h kwintaba ephakame 11 lamawaka. Kwaye 1400 km / h-sangqa kumphandle. Ukulwa iindidi ukusuka 600 ukuya 1130 km, kuxhomekeke kwimali amafutha kunye ngezikhali, ferry uluhlu ifikelela 4500 km. Isilingi (Practical) - 17 amawaka. Ixabiso eliphezulu ukuxinana yokusebenza uyahlangabezana interceptor moya - 7 g.

amava yokulwa

Kuphela uhlalutyo izigigaba inxaxheba ngqo kwiimbambano ezithile yasemkhosini kunganika umfanekiso yokwenene iingenelo neengozi, nto leyo iba wayesilwa Su-34. Iinkcukacha bona bathi lukhulu, kodwa, njengokuba le bomber zothunyelo asihanjiswanga, umgwebayo kuphela yabaqhubi Russian kwakhona iziphumo zezenzo zakhe kule meko. Ngexesha ukusebenza loMzantsi Ossetian le Su-34 lisusiwe ngogwayimbo umlilo ngqo, Noko ke, ziye zanegalelo kwezithandani yomsebenzi kweenkqubo umoya wokhuselo Georgian, ukudala jamming elektroniki, disorient kubo. Ngokuba lo ngqa Kuqeqesho lalisetyenziswa W. idiskhi "Khibiny", ofakiweyo ku hardpoints zangaphandle.

Ukususela ekuqaleni imisebenzi emkhosini kwintsimi RAA qela Aviation Russian kwafuneka kubume bayo emithandathu Su-34 ekuhlaseleni, leyo ngeli xesha zisetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona, oko kukuthi ukuphumeza kuhlaselo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ophezulu nokuchaneka. Kummandla Raqqa kunye Madan Jadida batshabalalisa izithuba umyalelo, amaziko zonxibelelwano, nezikhali, iinkampu zoqeqesho kunye nezinye izibonelelo imeko abanqolobi zomkhosi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi moya yaqhubeka, yaye, mhlawumbi, sibhinqela phezulu isantya. Le nkkolelo ngokususela kwintsebenzo eliphezulu kwabonisa yi SU-34. Okwangoku, inani labo kuMbindi Mpuma theatre lwemisebenzi izazekile elinesibini.

karhulumente Real nezicwangciso

Namhlanje inani Su-34, eziquka phezu neengalo skype, akukho iiyunithi ngaphantsi kwe 83. Kwezi modeli zemveliso - 75, 8 kusetyenziswa ngokususa kunye nokuvavanywa. Ngokukodwa, ekuhlaseleni zine kwi yokuhlolwa ukubhabha kubo. Chkalov kwingingqi Astrakhan (Akhtubinsk). Iiyunithi ezikhoyo zomkhosi (regiments) lonke ilizwe - ukusuka Murmansk ukuya Rostov kwaye ukusuka yaseKhabarovsk ukuya Voronezh - ezi moya ziyinxalenye iiyunithi exutyiweyo. Ngokutsho isivumelwano esatyikitywa kunye kwiSebe lezoKhuselo ngo-2008, kulindeleke ukuba zithumele iiyunithi 32 ali-33 ezigidi engange, apho kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba, kungakanani na Su-34 (kancinane ngaphezulu kwezigidi-gidi ngalinye). Ngowe-2008, lo umyalelo wanyuswa ezinye 92 bomber. isiseko Production iye naseNovosibirsk Aircraft Plant (Napo). Okwangoku ezicwangciswe-line imveliso koomatshini, leyo kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko.

Kwiminyaka ezayo ngakumbi nangakumbi emtyaba kodwa lixesha Su-24 webutho, iya kuthatha indawo Su-34. iimpawu zobugcisa imodeli entsha athobele imilinganiselo isizukulwana "sesine ezimbini-dibanisa", nto leyo eya kuqinisekisa ukuba inkonzo elide kwi-Russian Air Force.