Ingxubevange High steel: inkcazelo, iteknoloji iintsimbi, iimpawu kunye nokufaka

Kule mihla kunzima kakhulu ukuba zazi ukubaluleka iimveliso yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, ukwakha, housewares yokuvelisa, ikhaya. Kodwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka exutyiweyo yodidi, ngaphandle apho inani elikhulu lwamashishini (umatshini-isakhiwo, petrochemical, amandla, iimveliso zokutya, ukuveliswa uyilo ezizodwa, le njongo iphambili apho ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima) kuya kuba ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo engundoqo.

Umbuzo umbuzo: yintoni na sentsimbi ingxubevange, aluminium zayo? Yintoni kukho ukuhlelwa eziqalelo alloying? Ziintoni iimpawu eziphambili neempawu ophezulu-ingxubevange steel? Ezi kunye nezinye miba neminye siza kuzama kangangoko iimpendulo kunokwenzeka eneenkcukacha kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na steel ingxubevange?

Makhe siqale sibone ukuba yintoni sisinyithi. Yenza ingxubevange steel - an intsila ngentsimbi carbon, nto leyo ubunjwe izinto ezikhethekileyo echaphazela iimpawu eziphambili ngomatshini ngokwasemzimbeni ngenxa imveliso yokugqibela kushishino metallurgical. Iziqalelo ezidityaniswe lulwakhiwo esisiseko ingxubevange, ebizwa dopants. Chrome, nickel, vanadium, manganese, ubhedu - iqela lwabo lokuqala.

iintlobo ngensimbi

Kukho Ukuhlelwa izinto alloying, olusekelwe ipesenti yabo ingxubevange:

• High steel exutyiweyo - 10-50%.
• Srednelegirovannoj - 2.5-10%.
• Ingxubevange low - ukuya kwi 2.5%.

Iintlobo: high-ingxubevange ziintsimbi, aluminium

Khawuqwalasele enye ingongoma umdla. steel High exutyiweyo kunye aluminium zaso abe yokuhlela. Ngalunye kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo isetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezithile:

• Ubushushu ukumelana okanye ngentsimbi eliyinjubaqa.
• Emelana nokudliwa ngumhlwa.

Ngokusekelwe ipesenti element alloying, ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• Chrome MANGANESE steel.
• Chrome-nickel.
• Chrome.

Ukusetyenziswa yodidi oluphezulu ingxubevange

Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo esityhidiweyo? High-ingxubevange zentsimbi kunye aluminium zabo amacandelo zibalulekile kwi ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ezi mveliso zilandelayo akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle nokusetyenziswa kwazo:

• Chemical.
• imboni Oli.
• zobunjineli Mechanical.
• Construction.
• uyilo Manufacturing, injongo ephambili yayo ukusebenza kwiindawo ezinobutshaba (amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukuzibaxa izinto).

Ukongeza izinto alloying kwenza kube lula ukuphumeza iipropati ezithile ngoomatshini. Ngoko ke, aphezulu-ingxubevange sobhedu kusetyenziswa amacandelo ebandayo ezingatshiyo. amaxesha amaninzi oku kwenzeka kwicandelo lobunjineli metal. Ethandwa kakhulu ziphezulu-ingxubevange yodidi austenitic, eliquka icandelo exutyiweyo emi malunga ne-55%, kwaye abanye - intsimbi, chromium (18%), nickel (8%). Alloying amacandelo ngale emiswe injongo ngakumbi imveliso eyenziweyo.

Ukusetyenziswa ngentsimbi umhlwa-resistant

Nokumelana-enganyangekiyo yodidi oluphezulu ingxubevange zisetyenziswa ngendlela umoya igesi okanye ialakalin acid. Umahluko Uphawu le carbon umxholo yancitshiswa - malunga 0.12%. Further alloying kunye nonyango thermal ukuvumela ukuba afumane intsila ezizodwa ukuba sixhathise iimeko ngxwaba igesi okanye bume metal ulwelo.

yodidi Ukusebenzisa equlethe Tungsten okanye molybdenum kwi-7% kwaye boron unako ukusebenza kwiqondo lobushushu ukuya degrees 1100. Tungsten kunye molybdenum - imiba enxulumene reinforcer. Ukwandisa uxhathiso igcwala iimveliso njengezinto alloying ezidityaniswe Silicon okanye aluminium. izakhiwo ezinjalo ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ukufudumeza okanye eziko.

Iimpawu eziphambili zale metal

steel High exutyiweyo na iimpawu kunye neempawu ezivumela ukusetyenziswa kakhulu imveliso eyenziweyo. yodidi olunjalo mpawu zilandelayo:

• Amandla (uphumelele unyango ubushushu).
• Le nokumelana.
• Ukumelana kwiinkqubo deformation.
• Ductility (uthelekisa intsimbi carbon ductility ngamaxesha ngaphezulu).
• Nonmagnetic (steel ezisetyenziswa kwezobunjineli).
• Luthambe.
• Ukuzibamba.
• Weldability.

Ngenxa yokuba le ifomyula ingxubevange ezahlukileyo, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zifunyenwe. Isakhiwo lulula zatshintsha ngenxa unyango ubushushu kunye namacandelo alloying. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iimpawu eziyimfuneko iimeko idrafti le. Umzekelo, phezulu-18% chromium intsimbi inokuba njengenxenye ye-nickel, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufumana nokumelana kunye brittleness ebandayo.

Segesi yodidi eliphezulu-ingxubevange yenza kube lula ukufumana iimveliso ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kuzo zonke sezulu. Ngoko ke, indlela shtamposvarki uvumela ukusetyenziswa imveliso yokugqibela ku amaqondo aphantsi kakhulu - phantsi thabatha 253 Degrees Celsius. processing Special ivumela ukufumana lesilicon ferrosilidy ukuba unako ukusebenza asidi eyomeleleyo (nitric, phosphoric kunye nabanye).

steel exutyiweyo High lukhuni ezahlukeneyo, ubuchule high lingonakali. Ngoko ke, izinto acid-resistant ezi - C15 kunye C17, kunye chromium, vanadium kunye manganese kwandisa kweelana banxibe le ingxubevange.

Iintlobo yodidi oluphezulu ingxubevange kwiipropati thermal

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu thermal, kukho ukubekwa ilandelayo:

• Platinum (EN42) - isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa electrode, asetyenziswa izibane zigqengezelayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngumlingani ukwanda iyafana naleyo ngeglasi.
• Elinvars (H8N36) - ilungele imithombo iwotshi kunye nezixhobo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-modulus elastic njalo yaye lutshatyalaliswe kwiqondo lobushushu ukusuka -50 ukuya +100 degrees Celsius.
• Invar (I36) - isetyenziselwa imigangatho yemveliso, igeyiji elements, njengoko lomlingani ukwanda ilingana zero.

impahla yokonwabisa nokumelana ngentsimbi (kuphela ophezulu ingxubevange steel stainless) yi ngemagnethi. Ngoko ke umahluko phakathi kweentlobo nonmagnetic kunye kazibuthe zesinyithi ezinjalo. Eyokuqala yahlulwe zenyathi magnetically ezithambileyo kunye nzima zemagneti, kwaye bamva iqanjwa ayibe, chromium.

Standard: yodidi oluphezulu ingxubevange

metal okunamandla kunye neemfuno ingxubevange eliyinjubaqa kulawulwa imigaqo ekhethekileyo, oko kukuthi yi GOST 5632-72.

yodidi eliphezulu-ingxubevange Uphawu

Ithandwa kakhulu kwaye kakuhle ezaziwayo ezi zilandelayo iintlobo ngentsimbi :

• Ferrite: 15H28, 12H17, 08Kh18T1, 15H25T, 08H18Tch, 10H13SYU.
• Martensitic: 15H11MF, 40H9S2, 18H11MNFB, 40H10S2M, 95X18, 25H13N2, 20H17N2, 13H11N2V2MF, 40X13, 20X13, 20H17N2, 13H14N3V2FR.
• Austenitic-martensitic: 07H16N6, 08H17N5M3, 08H17N6T, 09H17N7YU1.
• Austenitic-ferritic: 08H21N6M2T, 08H22N6T, 08H20N14S2, 20H23N13, 12H21N5T, 03H22N6M2.
• Martensitic-ferritic: 12H13, 18H12VMBFR, 14H17N2, 15H12VNMF.
• Austenitic: 05H18N10T, 45H22N4M3, 45H14NMV2M, 10H14G14N4T, 03H18N10T, 08H16N13M2B, 12H18N12T, 03H18N12, 03H16N15M3B, 10H11N23T3MR, 20H23N18, 10H11N20T2R, 12X18H9T, 12H18N9, 20H25N20S2.

Ukusetyenziswa yodidi ingxubevange:

• 40X13, 30Ch13 - zisetyenziselwa neenaliti isiBeki, kuntshula ukuba izithuthi, izixhobo zotyando.
• 12H17 - brand eliphezulu-ingxubevange ziintsimbi, isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinto zamakhitshi kunye nezinto zendlu.
• 20H13, 12H13, 08H13 - isetyenziswe ukuvelisa Ufakelo hydraulic izinto, izakhiwo ukuba zisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezisezantsi ndlongondlongo.
• 95X18 - ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ibhola nzima kakhulu.