Ioyile e-hydrodine: uluhlu, iimpawu

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-20, i-hydrogenated oils yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-shishini lokutya. Babecatshangelwa njengenye indlela efanelekileyo kwimifuno yezilwanyana. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba olu unyango luya kutshintsha amafutha ohlaza kwimifuno enamafutha angcolileyo. Enyanisweni, kude kube ngoku, ezininzi iimveliso zorhwebo ziqukethe i-hydrogenated oils, kuba yayingabizi kakhulu kunendalo.

Yintoni na?

Amafutha ezilwanyana azinzileyo kwiqondo lokushisa. Ukufana okufanayo kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngokwabo. Kanye emzimbeni, baqala ukuyibilika. Ioyile ezivuno ziqhelekileyo zi-liquid, ezingenakuhlala zilungele ukwanda kwezezimboni. Ngoko ke, ziguqulwa, zijika zibe ngamafutha aqinileyo. I-Healthy unsaturated fatty acids kwi-oyile yemifuno iphendulela ibe yinyani.

Oku kwenzeka ngokufudumeza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nolawulo lwe-hydrogen. Ngenxa yoko, iargarine okanye oko kuthiwa amafutha atyhulayo atholakala kwioli yezolimo. Ezi zi-fatty acid acids zenziwa xa i-molecule ye-hydrogen ihlala kwindawo ye-molecule. Iza kuphuma ioli kunye nokuzinza okuzinzile, okunempilo ende. Kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukufumana amafutha afanelekileyo.

Kwimashishini, endaweni yeqhelekileyo, ioli ye-oliji yemifuno isetyenziswa rhoqo. Emva koko, kubiza kakhulu kwaye akayi kuhlahloka ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, iimveliso ezisekelwe kuyo zingagcinwa ixesha elide. Ukongezelela, loo mafutha ahlala esetyenziswa ukutshisa ukutya kwiivenkile nakwiindawo zokutya ngokukhawuleza. Emva kwakho konke, bavutha ngaphantsi, ngoko kwinqanaba elithile lamanqatha unokutya ukutya okuninzi.

Imbali yokubonakala

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 edlulileyo, isazi samachiza saseFransi uMezh-Murie sakha i-margarine. Wanikezwa umsebenzi wokufumana umncinci kwaye unqabile ukutshatyalaliswa kwesitishi sebhotela. Kufuneka ukuba isetyenziswe phakathi kwabampofu kunye neenqwelo. U-Inter-Murieu wathola inkunzi yeoli yenkomo ngokuphatha amafutha emfuyo kunye neekhemikhali aze adibanise nobisi. Umphumo obangelwayo wawubizwa ngokuba yi "margarine".

Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva omnye usosayensi waseFransi uPaul Sabatier wathola indlela ye-hydrogenation ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwakunelungelo lobunikazi lokuveliswa kwamafutha aqinileyo kwioli.

Inkampani yokuqala eyaqala ukuveliswa kwamafutha ase-hydrogen yayingu-Procter & Gamble. Ngomnyaka we-1909, waqala ukuvelisa i-margarine esekelwe ibhotela.

Iphi i-oyile e-hydrogenated

Amafutha anjalo aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokutya ezilungiselelwe. Kumele ukuba zi-chips, i- corn flakes, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Unokuzifumana kwiikuki kunye nabacuki, ama-donuts kunye neesekese. Ama-Sauces, i-ketchups kunye ne-mayonnaise zihlala ziqukethe amafutha, unokuzihlangabeza nakwezinye iimveliso zobisi kunye nama-porridges alungiselelwe. Zonke ukutya okukhawulezayo zilungiselelwe ngokuthatha inxaxheba: amaFries aseFrance, ii-hamburgers, iinkukhu zeenkukhu.

Ibhotela ebumnene kakhulu ifumaneka xa i- fatty acid acids iguqulelwe ibe ngamafutha atyhulwa yi-hydrogen. Umboleki ukholelwa ukuba uyadla ioli efanelekileyo, kodwa ngokwenene iya kuba yingozi kwimpilo ye-hydrogenated oyile. Kutshanje kwiphakheji enomkhiqizo onjalo baqala ukubhala ukuba "isasazeka", kungekhona ioli. Ukugqithiswa kwalo mveliso kuchazwa ngento ephantsi, kwaye inani elikhulu lezithako ezivumba amnandi lenza ukuba lihle.

Ziyingozi kuloo mafutha

Ngaphandle kwemvelaphi yemifuno, i-hydrogenated oils iyingozi kwimpilo. Iimveliso eziqulethwe zipapashwa njengokutya okunempilo, ngenxa yokuba zisekelwe kwimifuno engabonakaliyo yemifuno. Kodwa xa bephathwa nge-hydrogen, bazaliswa. Iingcali zenzululwazi zakutsha zibonise ukuba ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo rhoqo kwenani la mafutha emzimbeni kukho utshintsho olunjalo:

• Ukwandisa inani le-cholesterol;
• Ukwanda komngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo;
• I-fatat metabolism iphazamiseka;
• Umsebenzi wengqondo ubuhlungu;
• Uphuhliso lwe-testosterone luphazamiseka;
• Umgangatho wobisi lwebele lubonakala;
• Ukwanda komngcipheko wokukhuluphala kunye nesifo sikashukela;
• Ukukhulelwa komzimba kunzima;
• Isamba se-prostaglandines sinciphisa;
• Ukuphendulwa kwemizimba kuphuhliswa.

Sebenzisa kwi-cosmetology

I-Trans fatty acids isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-indastri yokutya nakwi-cosmetology. Zineqondo elincinci elincinciweyo, aziyi kuchitha ixesha elide kwaye zinomlinganiselo obanzi. Oku kwenza ukuba loo mafutha adume kakhulu kwi-cosmetology. Ioli ye-castor ye-hydrogen isetyenziswa rhoqo. Isekelwe kwi-PEG 40, esetyenziswa njenge-emulsifier kunye ne-solvent. Ngenxa yeepropati zayo, ii-oyile ezibalulekileyo kunye namafutha aphelisa ngokukhawuleza kwi-medium.

Leoli isetshenziselwa i-tonic, i-lotions kunye nobisi lwe-cosmetic, i-air fresheners, i-salt scrubs, i-shampoos kunye ne-conditioners, i- body sprays kunye ne-alcohol-free-deodorants.

I-castor ye-Hydrogenated inezimbonakalo ezimbalwa:

• Uthobisa isikhumba;
• Ukubuyisela ukulinganisela kwamanzi;
• Uhlanza udoti kakuhle;
• Ayibangeli ukuphendula.

Iimpawu zeoli yelanga

Le yona mafutha aqhelekileyo, asetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi ngomntu wokutya. Ioli ye-sunflower ngumthombo ogqwesileyo we-acids unsaturated acids, ngoko kulungile kwimpilo. Kodwa kungekudala, ngokuphindaphindiweyo uye waphathwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo yokwandisa ubomi kunye neendleko zeelafu. Ioli yezolimo ecocekileyo echanekileyo ikwapapashwa njengento encedo. Kodwa ifunyanwa ngokukhuphuka kwaye ihlanganiswe neekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, inenani elikhulu labaphulaphuli.

Ukuba, xa kushushu, idibene ne-hydrogen, i-oyileji i-hydrogenated yelanga yelanga. Kunzima, ukuphazamiseka, kwaye xa kuthosiwe akukroli kwaye ayitshisi. Amanqatha anjalo anyanzelekile kwiindawo zokutya kunye noluntu lokutya.

Ioli yesoyiya

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-20, abantu baye baqala ukutya ioli kwimizi ye-soya. Isityebi kwi-acid e-unsaturated fatty acids kwaye iphilile kakhulu. Ioli ye- soyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy, iyakwimisa inkqubo yokutya kwaye iqinisa inkqubo yokuzivikela. Kodwa ininzi ye-linolenic acid ngezinye izihlandlo inika ityala elingathandekiyo kunye nokungazinzi xa uxukile. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngekhulu le-20 leminyaka, ioli ye-soya ye-hydrogen isetyenzisiwe.

Kule nkqubo, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa ukunciphisa inani le-linolenic acid. Emva koko, ngokuqanda, amaqhezu aqinileyo asuswa kwioli. Kuvela ioli ekhethekileyo ye-saladi, eyaziwayo kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kwaye kwimveliso yokusebenza kwayo yenza igargarine, isasazeka kunye namafutha okucoca, njengoko ingatshatanga ngelixa lililo kwaye lingabi nevumba elibi.

Ioli ephuziweyo

Le nqatha isasazwa kwi shishini likhemikhali. Ioli ye-Rapeseed isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemifutshane yokuqhuma, i-antifreezes, ekusebenziseni iphepha kunye nemveliso yesikhumba. Kodwa kungekudala sele isetyenziswe kwishishini lokutya, ngokukodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuveliswa kwe-confectionery kunye neziyobisi ezinxilisayo. Ngenxa yoko, i-oyileji i-hydrogened rapeseed isetyenziswa. Iyaziwa ngokuba yongezwa ngokutya E 441.

Ngokucwangciswa nge-hydrogen, kwakunokwenzeka ukususa i-erucic acid, inobungozi kwimpilo, kwiphilisi ye-rapeseed kunye nokulahla inzondo. Yayisetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa kunye ne-emulsifier. Eli liyile linceda ukugcina ukuhambisana nokuma kwemveliso yokutya, ukuxuba izinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo le mveliso isetyenziswe kwi-cosmetology, njengoko ithobisa isikhumba kwaye igcina ibhalansi yamanzi.

Kodwa nangona i-hydrogenated oil oil ipapashwa njengoncedo, ivelisa ingozi enkulu kwimpilo. Iqukethe amafutha atyhazamisayo aphazamisa umonakalo, ukunciphisa umlwelwe kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo kunye nokukhuluphala.

Ioli ye Palm

Ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, ioli ephuma kwizithelo zesundu isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kuwo onke amazwe. Yaye yaziwa ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nobomi obude. Ioli ye-palm palm iqulethe i-acids, i-vitamins, i-proteins. Nangona kunjalo, kuthathwa njengeluncedo kakhulu. Nangona ioli ye-palmgen i-hydrogen iyingozi kakhulu. Sekudlulileyo kusetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-shishini lokutya, ingakumbi kwimveliso yobisi, i-confectionery kunye nokutya kwabantwana.

Musa ukucinga ukuba xa kuthengiswa umkhiqizo kubhaliwe ukuba ulolu hlobo luquka "ioli yemifuno", ngoko luncedo ngokwenene. Ngokuqhelekileyo amafutha ase-hydrogenated afakwa kwi-bhotela. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ukhangele ixabiso lemveliso kunye nomhla wokuphela kwayo.