Iinkalo ezithandayo malunga necolethi. Imfihlelo yokuvelisa i-chocolate. Iholide ye tshokoleji

I-tsholeta ibhekisela kwiintlobo ezithile zeemveliso ezidliwayo ezifumaneka kwiimbotyi ze-cocoa. Ezi zilandelayo ziyimbewu yomthi weTropiki - i-cocoa. Kukho iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezithandekayo malunga necolethi, ukuxelela ngemvelaphi yayo, iimpawu zonyango, ukuchasene, iintlobo kunye neendlela zokwenza isicelo.

I-tshokoleti yiphatha elimnandi elithandwa ngumntu wonke, ukusuka kwi-gourmet encinci ukuya kwebekhulile. Lo ngumthendeleko, uququzelele imithendeleko ekuhloniphekeni, uvula iimyuziyam kunye nokubonisa imiboniso yonke. Ngoko ke, i-tshokoleta inento yokuxelela.

Kancinane kwimbali yetshokolethi

Kwesihlandlo sokuqala, i-tshokoleta yabonakala phakathi kwama-Aztec, ama-Olmec kunye namaMeya. Kodwa yintoni na le mveliso yavela, ukusuka apho eya kuthi, ngubani oyifumanisa ngokuqinisekileyo kwihlabathi, akukho mntu uyaziyo nanamhla. Kodwa kukho inguqu ngokutsho kweyitileti evela eMexico. Unkulunkulu ophakamileyo wamaAztec - iQuetzalcoatl - wayenomyezo osemangalisayo wegadi. Iintlobo zezityalo zakhula kuyo. Kwakhona kwakubonakele kakhulu imithi phakathi kwazo, kwaye iziqhamo zazo zinomdla okrakra kunye nembonakalo engavamile. Ude ukumkani wayecinga malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa ezi ziqhamo ezingenakusihlwa, kunye nento enokuyenza ngayo ngemithi ngokwazo.

Kwaye, enye ingcamango yenzeke kuye: UThixo wasusa iintlanga ze-peel, wazinqumla kwi-powdery state waza wazizalisa ngamanzi. Isiphumo esiphumelayo sasithandwa kakhulu yiQuetzalcoatl, njengoko yayiphefumlelwe uvuyo kwaye yanika amandla. Isiselo sasibizwa ngokuba yi "chocolatl" kwaye emva kwexesha lafunyaniswa ngokubanzi phakathi kwamaNdiya. Ngenxa yoko, isidlo esitsha sanikwa igama "isiselo soothixo". UChristopher Columbus, oye watyelela eMexico, wayehloniphekile ukuzama le mveliso.

Iinkcukacha ezithandayo malunga necoleta zidibene no- Anna Austria. Emva kwayo yonke into, yayibulela kuye ukuba le mveliso yafika eYurophu. Xa ukumkanikazi ozayo wayeneminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, watshata noKumkani waseFransi, uLouis XIII. Kwilizwe elingaqhelekanga intombazana yabona ukulangazelela okungaqhelekanga. Ukuze ngandlela-thile adale umoya wekhaya lakhe aze amvuselele kancinci, wayetyroleta eshisayo, awayeyiletha nayo evela ezweni lakubo. Kwakhona, u-Anna waletha inamba enkulu engakaze yenziwa ngaphambili eFransi iziqhamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nomkhonzi owayeyazi iresiphi yokwenza ushokoleta. Kamva, umbingeleli wasebenzisa isiselo esitsha ukuze afundise umyeni wakhe. Ukwazi ngamandla am onke ndazama ukufumana ukutya nokusela, oko ukumkani ngokwakhe angene kuwo. Yileyo ndlela i-chocolateti yaqala ngayo ukusasazeka kwilizwekazi laseYurophu.

Richelieu, Casanova kunye necolethi

Ngezo zibalo zembali ezidumileyo njengeCardinal Richelieu kunye nendoda kaPasanova, kukho nezinye izinto ezithandekayo malunga necolethi. Umkhadikazi waseFransi, enokugula ngenxa yezifo ezininzi, wayelisela isiselo se-chocolate kwiingcebiso zogqirha wakhe. Njalo ekuseni uRichelieu wasebenzisa ishokolethi, engazi ukuba ugqirha wongezela ngasese iyeza. Kungekudala ikhadinali yabuya. Ayaziwa ukuba yintoni eyenza umphumo omkhulu - iziyobisi okanye i-tshokoleta, kodwa umveliso usube ngowona myeza.

U-Lovelace uGivanni Casanova naye waqalisa imini yakhe ngekomityi yokunxilisa okumnandi kwaye wayenesiqinisekiso sokuba "amandla akhe omntu" angafihlakeleyo. UCasanova wamphatha ngecolethi yamnyama emnyama kunye neentombi zakhe, kangangokuthi bafudumala kancane.

Yonke into emnandi ngechocolate

Zonke iinkcukacha ezithandekayo ngethokoleta siya kuzama ukupha ngezantsi. Ngoko, ngokokuqala ngqa iitroleyile zenziwe nge-1842 yi-factory factory yaseBrithani. Namhlanje, iCôte d'Ivoire yona mveliso omkhulu we-cocoa. Eli lizwe li-akhawunti malunga ne-40% yeempahla zonke zelizwe. Unyaka ngamnye kwihlabathi, imali evela kwi-chocolate yithengiswa ngaphezu kwama-dollar ayi-83 yezigidi zase-US. Kodwa oku akusiyo umda - oomnotho bathi ixabiso elizayo liza kukhula ngolunye u-15-20%.

Imithi yeCocoa ikhula eMbindi naseMzantsi Melika, e-mpuma ye-Asia naseNtshona-Afrika. Ukwenza amagremu angama-400 e-tsholeta, kufuneka usebenzise malunga ne-cocoa ubhontshisi. Impilo, i-ts'olethi emnyama iyiluncedo ngakumbi. Iintlobo eziMhlophe kunye ezimhlophe aziyi kuzisa inzuzo enkulu njengoko "isihlobo" sabo somnyama siya kwenza.

Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, amacandelo aphakamileyo kuphela asekuhlaleni angakwazi ukufumana ukutya okumnandi kwintyatyambo ye-cocoa. KwiBarcelona ngo-1870 umatshini wokuqala owenza i tsokleti wenziwe.

Izinzuzo zeThokoleta

Inzuzo yetshokolethi yaphawulwa yizizwe zaseNdiya. Iingcali zanamhlanje ziqinisekisa kuphela iingcamango zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, kuboniswa ukuba inkomishi yeshokoleta eshisayo inceda isilonda ukuba siphuluke ngokukhawuleza, sandisa ithoni yomzimba kwaye inciphisa umntu ekukhathala. Abathandayo i-tshokoleta abakwazi ukukhathazeka malunga nesifo esinjengesi-atherosclerosis. Amafutha abalulekileyo aqulethwe kumkhiqizo avimbela ukuthunyelwa kwe-cholesterol kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi, ngoko ke isifo asiyi kukhula.

I-neurosurgeons kunye ne-cardiologists ziyabona iingeniso zokuphatha. Ngaloo ndlela, izigulane ezidla rhoqo iiskese kunye neileyile kwicocoa, musa ukuzenza iimbophu. Kwaye i-flavonoids, ekhoyo kwimveliso, ikhusele ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo kunye nemivimbo. Iigramu ezingama-50 zemihla ngemihla zivimbela ukuphuhliswa kwezilonda kunye nosomdlavuza.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa izixhobo

Imveliso yetshokoleji yinkqubo ende kwaye inzima eqala ngokukhutshwa kwee-cocoa kwizityalo. Bawususa ibhola le-gelatin elalijikeleze, kwaye ushiye iimbotyi zokuvumba iintsuku eziliqela. Ngeli xesha, iziganeko ezichaphazela ukuba i-flavour cocoa ibonakaliswe. Emva koko ingqolowa iphinda ihlanjululwe kwaye igosiwe kwiqondo lokushisa lama-120-140 degrees. Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-taste of product final yenziwa.

Ukuveliswa komsebenzi wekholethile ebonakalayo kufana nalokhu: i-granules edikiweyo ifakwe emgodini, leyo leyo ixutywe ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-cocoa ibhotela kunye noshukela zongezwa. Ngoku ungongeza ii-almond, utywala, ubisi kunye nezinye izithako. Ukuze unike iilekesele zeeshokoleta kunye nephunga, ubuninzi obusiphumo buhlambulukileyo ukusuka kwiibincani ezincinci kwaye zixutywe kwiitanks ezikhethekileyo iintsuku eziliqela.

Uhlobo olunjalo lukhohliweyo kwiqondo lokushisa apho i-tsokolate ibonakala ikhangayo, kwaye ithululelwa kwiibumba. Ukubumba kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokwenza ushokolethi. Iibumba zizaliswa ngobuninzi bomzimba, ngoko ke umkhiqizo uphephe, uyasuswa kalula kwiibhotile kwaye uthunyelwe ukuthengiswa.

Iimpawu zeMyuziyam

Icoleta yindlela eyaziwayo neyintandokazi enokuthi phantse elo lonke ilizwe linomyuzi we-chocolate. Kwiziko elinjalo unokufunda izinto ezininzi ezithakazelisayo ngemveliso kunye nembali yayo, kwaye uzame iintlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo. Elinye lembali kumanyuziyamu amahle kakhulu eBelgium. Kwaye akumangalisi, kuba eli lizwe libhekwa njengesikolo sotycolate, kunye neesekese zalo - ezilungileyo kwihlabathi. Kufumaneka kwisixeko saseBruges kwinqaba elidala laseNqaba yeHarze waza wabiza iChoco-Story. Iqoqo lecokoleti yebukhosi bobukhosi ifakwe apha. Iimyuziyamu inomtya we-Choc, othengisa iindidi ze-chocolate eziyi-44.

Iimyuziyam ezithakazelisayo zephokoleta sePrague. I-museum yaseVladomir Cech inikezelwa kwiphokoledi njengiselo. Ukubonisa okuthakazelisayo kubonisa imbali yemveliso. Kwakhona kukho umboniso onomdla wepeyinti eneeproleti. Emva kokubukela umboniso, iindwendwe ziyakudlula ukuhlolwa kwaye njengomvuzo ufumana i-tile elimnandi kunye neengqolowa ezimbalwa ze-cocoa.

Iholide ehloniphekile yetshokolethi

Ukongezelela kwiimyuziyam ezizinikezelwe kukudla kwecocoa, kumazwe amaninzi ngamnye ngonyaka ngumkhosi wenkozo wenjabulo. Iyona edume kakhulu yi-Eurochocolate festival, eyenzeka kwisixeko sase-Itali sasePerugia. Unyaka ngamnye umcimbi uhanjelwe ngabantu abangaba zigidi. Iholide iqokelela malunga nabakhiqizi be-chocolat 200 abavela kwihlabathi lonke.

E-Paris, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, abaphathi bendawo baququzelele umkhosi we-chocolate, apho abenzi behlabathi bezinto zokutya banikela iindwendwe zeetroleta kungekuphela nje ukusela nokutya, kodwa nokuzibeka. Imibhiyozo yaseParis ibonwa ngokuba yiyona nto inomdla kwihlabathi.

Umkhosi weTrocolate kwi-Ukrainian Lviv ngowona mncinane, njengoko wawusungulwe ngo-2007 kuphela. Kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka kwiSuku lweValentine. Ngaloo mini, wonk

Ukunyamekela, ushokolethi!

Iilekese ezininzi zine-chocolate yilapho namhlanje. Ukuqonda ukuba awukho umlutha kulo mveliso, landela ukuziphatha kwakho: ukuba uqaphela ukuba awukwazi ukulala uze udle ishokoleta uze uphuze indebe yesiphuzo esiphunga elimnandi esivela kwiimbotyi ze-cocoa, unokuqiniseka ukuba uyabandezeleka Esi sifo. Kufaniswa nokusela utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ngoko kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ukuxhomekeka kwitroleta kubangela izizathu zengqondo. Emva kwakho konke, kumabonwakude, ngokukhawuleza kusasaza iintengiso ezimibalabala, ukubiza ukuba udle ibhatile yetshokolethi. Kwaye kunzima ukumelana nomntu, ingakumbi ukuba i-tile igcinwe ihle. Kwakhona, i-cocoa ivuselela i-cocaine, apho kukho izinto ezininzi ezikhuthaza umveliso we-hormone yolonwabo-i-phenethylamine. Ngaloo ndlela, i-tshokoleti yinto ephezulu yokuxhatshazwa.

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokweqile kwetshokoleji emzimbeni, kukho ukunqongophala kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwayo. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuxhomekeka kwe-chocolate kwi-chocolate kufanele kuchithwe ngokukhawuleza.

Iintlobo zeetroleta ezingavamile

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezine ze-tshokoleta: ezikrakra, ezinamandla, ezimnyama kunye ezimhlophe. Kodwa namhlanje kukho iesweets zeetroleta, ezinomdla, ingakumbi kubathengi basekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, ityhokoleji eyenziwe kubisi lwekamela. Iveliswa kwi-United Arab Emirates. Iingcali ziqinisekile ukuba iintlobo ezinjalo ziyiluncedo ngakumbi kunexesha eliqhelekileyo, kwaye lingaqhathaniswa nangabantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Inkampani yaseSwitzerland ihambisa ikhelelethi kwimakethe yaseYurophu nge-absinthe. Ngexesha apho ubumnandi buqala ukuncibilika emlonyeni wakhe, ukhulula i-tincture enomsindo yomhlonyane, kwaye intleko yetshokoleji ibaluleke kakhulu. Imveliso iqulethe u-8.5% utywala, ngoko ke awukwazi ukunxiliswa kuyo.

Ngoku i- tsokolate emnyama ityuwa iyafumaneka. Kuyinto yezinto eziphilayo eziveliswa ngumbutho waseMerika. Ukwakhiwa kweetayili kubandakanya ulwandle ityuwa, kodwa unokufumana iimpawu ezinobumba kunye neetyuwa, ityuwa kunye nekhofi yomhlaba, kunye netyuwa kunye noshukela.

Ishokoleta ebiza kakhulu kwihlabathi

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kweyodwa, inkampani yaseMelika iChoopologie kaKnipschildt (Connecticut) inikezela i-chocolatelethi ekhethekileyo yehlabathi. Ukusuka kuye, bonke abemi beNdlu ye-White House bahlambalaza. U-Queen of Great Britain IBhabhiloni likaElizabeth II uyakuthanda ukonwabela amnandi eMelika. Le tsholethi ikhiqizwa kuphela ngesandla. Elinye ipilisi lala mahlaya adla i-$ 2,600.

Ngaba kukho nayiphi na ingozi

Abaninzi abanokungathembeki bayaqiniseka ukuba i-tshokolethi ayinako ukuzisa nto ngaphandle kokulimaza. Okuchaphazela kakubi ukuthambeka kuphela kubantu abaxhomekeke ekudleni, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kunye nobuntu abangazinziyo ekudleni. Bonke abanye banokuyoliswa kunye nomoya ozolileyo umonakalo ovela kuThixo, oya kuzuza kuphela.