Ukufunda indlela grade ngentsimbi

Xa uthetha malunga neempawu somntu, sebenzisa walithiywa of "intsimbi", ukuthini umlinganiswa ongenakoyiswa, umyolelo eyomeleleyo, okanye abambelele, nto leyo lula ukuphumelela. Steel wasungula ukwenza iindlela ixesha elide kwaye zithembekile, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Ngoku, Asinakuyenza ngaphandle olu.

Yintoni na - ngentsimbi kwaye eyahluke ngayo ukusuka ngentsimbi? The main umahluko ubumdaka, umthetheli phakathi kwabo - carbon. Ukuze anike iimpawu ezizodwa olu kwi ingxubevange wongezwa namanye amacandelo.

Banga ngentsimbi kumazwe ahlukeneyo abizwa ngokwahlukileyo. Ngelishwa, kulo mbandela ubaluleke loo zifana alikafiki.

Emideni yonke elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, ngaphandle kwezi aseBalti, wasebenzisa codes exube ngokwemigangatho ekhoyo ngaphambili karhulumente. Loo nkcazelo zebakala ngentsimbi yinto elula gqitha noluqondakalayo, inani libhekisela ipesenti ngokuqulathwe ukungcola, kwaye unobumba - into imichiza.

amabakala Steel plain, apho kukho nentsimbi kuphela carbon, ebizwa noshowo. Bamele ezilula, Inqaku lesi-2, umzekelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba le carbon ekuwo 0.2%.

steel qualitative unalloyed uba encoding efanayo, kodwa ipesenti carbon lubonakala imiqondiso ezimbini digital ezinjalo St.08.

Ukuba wentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimpahla, nto leyo eza kufuneka ukusebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, emva koko iimfuno ezizodwa zakhe. Njengoko kunjalo kunye nomgangatho zokwakha, ipesenti kabini-elilodwa, kodwa kwileta wongezelela "K" (umzekelo - St.12K).

Okuninzi Ukuqamba ezintsonkothileyo metallurgical bohlulwa babe ngamaqela - negalelo, ulwakhiwo, ngokudleka njalo njalo. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo zokumakisha, kodwa luqhelekileyo unyulo ileta lweziqalelo alloying ezifana nickel (H), chromium (X), ubhedu (D), Tungsten (V), manganese (T), molybdenum (M), lesilicon ( C), ayibe (K).

indlela deoxidation nalo ibonakala yodidi ikhowudi. Ngoko ke, i "cwaka" iboniswe ngoonobumba SP, "semi-wabulawa" - INDU kunye "sibila" - P..

yodidi exutyiweyo abe nomqondiso elide, nto leyo ibandakanya zombini iileta kunye manharhu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba xa umxholo ukungcola elingaphantsi kwesiqingatha ekhulwini inani owabelwe. Ngenxa yoko, ikhowudi 10 X2 M-W kuthetha ukuba intsimbi iqulethe 0.1% carbon, 0.2% chromium kunye ngaphantsi kwe-1.5% molybdenum. Kukho kwakhona incwadi "W", uthi umxholo phosphate lifinyele. Ukuba endaweni kwaba "A", oko beziza kuwasingatha ngayo nesalfure. La manqaku abonisa iimpawu umgangatho olongezelelweyo.

Foundry zokwakha kuyachazwa ekupheleni ileta "L".

Constructional efunekayo yentsimbi isivuno ephantsi, kuba ibonakalisa ileta "C" simi phambi. Litera, wema emva, wathi iimpawu ezongezelelweyo (T - nolophu ndomelezeka, K - kuba nokumelana).

Ukuzimisela yodidi abafanelekileyo ekuveliseni izixhobo, kuthwalwa unobumba "Y", nto leyo ibekwa emva kokuba ipesenti kabini-amivo mi-carbon, umz U8.

Kukho kwakhona insimbi. Brands, njenge 08X18H10T khangela njenge cipher inzima, kodwa ngokwenyani lo mgaqo ngokufanayo ingxubevange aluminium kwesakhiwo. Ayingeni kwiimeko ezizodwa apho oonobumba sabelwe khona imbeko lwezityalo, okokuqala ukuba lengca yentsimbi iipropati ezikhethekileyo.