Phase-Three imoto e networks olunye-isigaba. Isigaba zikagesi motor

Kukho iimeko ebomini xa ufuna ukuquka ezinye uhlobo izixhobo mveliso kule eziqhelekileyo mbane zasekhaya ubonelelo. Ngoko kukho ingxaki kunye nenani macingo. Koomatshini yenzelwe ukusebenza yezityalo, ezinjengeetheminali, ngokuqhelekileyo amathathu, yaye ngamanye amaxesha amane, kunye. Yintoni ukuba benze kuzo, apho ukudibanisa kuwo? Abo babezama ukuzama iinketho ezahlukeneyo, qinisekisa ukuba iinjini musa nje ufuna spin. Ngaba kungenzeka ukudibanisa i olunye-phase ontlantlu-ntathu motor? Ewe, unako ukufikelela kujikelezo. Ngelishwa, kulo mzekelo, amandla nakanjani kuwa phantse kabini, kodwa kwezinye iimeko oko - ndlela kuphela ngaphandle.

Ombane network ontlantlu-ntathu, nomlinganiselo labo

Ukuze siqonde ukudibanisa indlela motor ontlantlu-ntathu kugesi eqhelekileyo, kufuneka uqonde indlela ezinxulumana ngayo ombane kwi womnatha mveliso. amaxabiso ombane zaziwa kakuhle - 220 no -380 volts. Ngaphambili, kwaba sekunjalo: 127, kodwa ngamahlanu yalo khetho kwayekwa wakhetha ngaphezulu phezulu. Phi na ezi "amanani umlingo"? Kutheni 100 okanye 200, okanye 300? Kubonakala ukuba kube lula ukuba amanani ezingqukuva ukuze ingqalelo.

Uninzi izixhobo zombane mveliso yenzelwe uqhagamshelwano ukuya kwisigaba ezintathu- ifildi yangoku. Le lombane kwesigaba ngasinye ngokuchasene wire cala ngu 220 volts, kufana nje ngamashishini yakho yasekhaya. Phofu iwuzuze phi na ku 380? Kulula ngokwaneleyo ukuqwalasela unxantathu isosceles kunye engile degrees 60, 30 no-30, nto leyo umzobo yomzobo le lombane. Ubude icala elide lilingana ubude womlenze, iphindwe cos-30 °. Emva izibalo ezilula kunokubonwa ukuba 220 x cos 30 ° = 380.

Isigaba motor izixhobo

Ayizizo zonke iintlobo iinjini zoshishino kungenziwa eziqhutshwa ukusuka kwisigaba esinye. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo - i "angamahashe okusebenza 'ukuba zibumba inxalenye koomatshini zombane kulo naliphi na ishishini - oomatshini olungenangqamaniso enesakhono 1 - 1.5 kVA. ntoni sisithuthi ontlantlu-ntathu kwiinkqubo ontlantlu-ntathu, kuba yona njani?

Umsunguli esi sixhobo revolution yaba nzulu Russian uMikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky. Le injineli obalaseleyo zombane yaba lweli thiyori-mbane ontlantlu-ntathu, nto leyo kweli xesha lethu iye lubalaseleyo. Olungenangqamaniso motor imisinga isigaba imisebenzi yi yoqheliso evela engathi stator kwi izinikezeli plane zivaliwe. Ngenxa kwazo nje engathi circuited elifutshane ngasinye apho kukho mhlaba otsalayo ukuba zisebenzisana kwimigca ngamandla stator. Ngoko ndizuze torque, ekhokelela isindululo elijekelezayo lwe esqwini motor.

zicwangciswe ngendlela engathi kwi-engile 120 °, ngaloo ndlela batshintshana intsimi eveliswe yi nganye izigaba ngokulandelelana pushes kwicala ngalinye magnetizable le ivili.

A unxantathu okanye inkwenkwezi?

phase-Three imoto kwiinkqubo kwisigaba ezintathu-banoku kwi ngeendlela ezimbini - kunye cala okanye ngaphandle kwakhe. Indlela lokuqala lubizwa ngokuba "nkwenkwezi" kulo mzekelo, nganye engathi na kwisigaba ombane (isigaba zero) ngokulinganayo iimeko zethu 220 V. eNgcingo "unxantathu" ontlantlu-ntathu motor kubandakanya uqhagamshelwano uthotho engathi ezintathu umgca yonikezelo (380) le ombane ngaphesheya ezalathelwe utshintshayo. Kwimeko yesibini, injini uya kuvelisa mkhulu malunga nesiqingatha amandla.

Indlela ukuvula motor kwicala elahlukileyo?

ontlantlu-ntathu Control motor kusenokubonisa utshintsho kwicala ukujikeleza kwenye, okt reverse. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka nje ukutshintsha oogesi ababini abathathu.

Ukunenzela lula, utshintsho schema kwibhokisi terminal motor zibonelelwa webs, wenza ngokuqhelekileyo ngobhedu. Ukuze luzakujika kwi "inkwenkwezi" ngobunono ukudibanisa ezi ngcingo ezintathu imveliso ye engathi kunye. "Triangle" ufumana nzima ngakumbi kancinane, kodwa oko ngayo nayiphi na iziqinisekiso zamabanga zombane.

Isigaba Ukutshintshwa amandla

Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha nanku umbuzo, ukudibanisa indlela motor ontlantlu-ntathu in iplagi kwikhaya oluqhelekileyo. Ukuba nje uzame ukudibanisa ukuplaga iingcingo ezimbini, ayiyi uphendule. Ukuze ufumane ishishini, kuyimfuneko ukuba zilinganisa isigaba eziguquguqukayo ombane enokusebenziseka kwezinye engile (ekukhethwa 120 °). Ukuphumeza le ndlela, uyakwazi, ukuba usebenzisa i element kwisigaba-eziguqukayo. Kuthiwa oku kungaba kunye inductance, kunye nokumelana, kodwa ontlantlu-ntathu imoto kwi womnatha kwisigaba enye eliphendlwayo usebenzisa umbane capacitance (capacitor), abhekisa kulo kwileta Latin C. Schemes

Ngokuphathelele izicelo ze ingakwazi nokuginya, kunzima ukumisela kwakungenxa yobumbaxa lwamaxabiso zabo (ukuba akukho kubonisiweyo kwisixhobo). Ukulinganisa ubukhulu L efunekayo isixhobo ekhethekileyo okanye eqokelelwe kwesi skim. Ukongeza, ukukhethwa ingakwazi nokuginya ezikhoyo zidla kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, naziphi na isiqalelo kwisigaba Ukutshintshwa zovavanyo lingakhetha up, kodwa yinto enzima.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa injini ivuliwe? Kwathi ngenye yezi ngongoma uxhulumaniso kondliwa zero, kwelinye - isigaba, kwaye eyesithathu - zinamandla athile kwatshintsha yi engile ethile ngokumalunga kwisigaba. Cima and non-specialist akuyi kuba ukuba umsebenzi injini epheleleyo ngokumalunga namandla shaft mechanical, kodwa kwezinye iimeko na ujikelezo olwaneleyo mhaka. Noko ke, qalisa kusenokuvela iingxaki ezithile ezifana yokungabikho amanqaku yokuqala, uyakwazi ukususa plane ezitroneni zabo. Kufuneka wenze ntoni kule meko?

isiqalo capacitor

Ngexesha lokuqala-up shaft imigudu ezinye ziyafuneka ukuze boyise imikhosi inertia kunye kunobunye static. Ukwandisa torque, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufaka capacitor eyongezelelweyo eqhagamshelwe kumphathi wesekethe kuphela ekuqaleni, ngoko zicinywe. Ukuze ezi njongo, le ndlela ifanelekileyo ukusebenzisa isikhundla wokuvala pushbutton. Idayagram ngokuba kwisigaba ezintathu izakhono zokushukuma kunye capacitor eqala iboniswa ngezantsi, kulula ukulwenza kwaye gca. Ngexesha ombane isicelo kufuneka klikha kwiqhosha "Qala", kwaye uqale capacitor kuya kudala eyongezelelweyo shift isigaba. Emva kokuba injini untwisted ukuya olifunayo isantya iqhosha, ungenza (kwaye) siye nje umthamo ukusebenza iya kuhlala kwisekethe.

Ukubalwa amanani capacitance

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba ukuze kukwazeke motor ontlantlu-ntathu in networks ezi-zifuna ezongezelelweyo umzobo ingcingo apho, ukongeza ekuqaleni iqhosha, iquka capacitors ezimbini. Kufuneka bazi ixabiso, kungenjalo inkqubo akusayi kusebenza. Okokuqala thina ezichaza ixabiso capacitance zombane kufuneka ukuba nyanzela plane ukuba aqhele. Uxokonyezelelwe ngaxeshanye oko sum of:

C = C v + CP, apho:

C v - ukuqala capacitance olongezelelweyo switchable isanda;

C p - le capacitor baleka, nto leyo enika ujikelezo.

Kodwa sifuna ixabiso yangoku rated I n (ukuba ezidweliswe kwi ilayibhuli iqhotyoshelwe injini kwi-mveliso). Le parameter nako ukumiselwa usebenzisa ifomula eqondile:

I N = P / (3 x U), nalapho:

U - lo ombane kwi kokuxhuma "inkwenkwezi" - 220, kwaye ukuba i "unxantathu", i-380 V;

P - amandla kwisigaba ezithathu-injini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwimeko zokulahleka umonakalo emiselwe amehlo.

Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke efunekayo amandla yokusebenza ibalwa ngu:

CP = CP = 2800 N I / U - for "Inkwenkwezi";

C p = 4800 N I / U - for "unxantathu";

Ukuqala capacitor kufuneka libelikulu ukusebenza 2-3. Iyunithi yokulinganisa - microfarad.

Kukho indlela kakhulu ilula kakhulu ukubala capacitance: C = P / 10, kodwa ke le fomyula inika amanani ukuze kunokuba nexabiso layo. Nangona kunjalo, lo mbhodamo kulo naliphi na ityala kuyimfuneko.

Kutheni kufuneka silungise

Indlela yokubala ngasentla approximations. Okokuqala, ixabiso eliyimali kwi izindlu besikhundla sombane kwahluka kakhulu actual. Okwesibini, capacitors amaphepha (bethetha ngokubanzi, into eqolo) ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ngesandla yesibini, yaye zonke iintlobo kwezinye izinto, ngokuxhomekeke ukwaluphala, nto leyo ekhokelela aphambuke ukuba nakakhulu uthe parameter. Okwesithathu, ngoku eziya ndiyaphela injini kuxhomekeke umthwalo mechanical kwi shaft, yaye ngako oko nako ukuphichotha kuphela ngokomfuniselo. Indlela ukukwenza oko?

Oku kuya kufuna nentwana nomonde. Umphumo ube iseti kakhulu voluminous of capacitors enxulumene ngokunxuseneyo kunye series. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - emva wonke umsebenzi olungileyo ukulungisa, khon 'ukuze bawe angabikho eziphelweni soldered ye intlokoma ukusuka injini eziphuma. Ke ngoko akukho ngozi iya kwakhona ukuhlola iziphumo kwaye mhlawumbi lula kuyilo.

Ekwenzeni izikhongozeli kwebhetri

Ukuba kulahlwe iinkosi akukho ntwala ezikhethekileyo electrolytic, nto leyo evumela ukuba silinganise lwangoku ngaphandle ngokwaphula imixokelelwane, kuyimfuneko ukuba xhuma i ammeter kwi kuthotho ngocingo nganye, nto leyo ifakiwe ontlantlu-ntathu motor. Kuthungelwano olunye-isigaba kuya kumpompoza ixabiso lilonke, kunye nokukhethwa capacitors kufuneka azame ukuba kakhulu uniform kulayishwa jiko. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba xa uDaisy capacitance iyonke kunciphisa ngokomthetho:

1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 ... njalo, kwaye ngokunxuseneyo - phezu koko, yenzeka.

Kwakhona, kufuneka ungalibali malunga parameters ezibalulekileyo njengoko ombane kwi capacitor ibalwa. Kufuneka ayinakuba ngaphantsi kwexabiso elibekiweyo, uthungelwano, kwaye kungcono reserve.

benza resistor

Isigaba Scheme motor enxulumene phakathi kwisigaba omnye umqhubi cala, maxa wambi babedla uxhathiso. Inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba bengabaveleli capacitor ukuqala akukho accumulated eseleyo emva kokuba umatshini kucinyiwe. Le amandla kungabangela ugesi, ingozi, kodwa zingambi kakhulu. Ukuze ube ekhuselekileyo, ukuba ngaxeshanye kunye capacitance yokuqala ukudibanisa i resistor (y kwezombane ubizwa ngokuba "shunt"). Ixabiso ukuqina kwayo mkhulu - ukusuka kwisiqingatha ukuya Meg Meg, kwaye ubukhulu nto incinane, lilihle namandla poluvattnoy. Noko ke, ukuba umsebenzisi akoyiki ukuba "uwathandabuze", okokuba oku kungenzeka kakhulu ukwenza.

ukusebenzisa electrolytes

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, umboniso okanye iphepha capacitances eninzi yokuthenga, yaye azikho ezilula ngendlela esingathanda. Uyakwazi ukwenza uqhagamshelwano ezi-yeemowutha ontlantlu-ntathu usebenzisa capacitors engaxabisi kakhulu kwaye iyafumaneka electrolytic. Kulo mzekelo, yaninzi kunene atshiphu, baya kuba, njengoko ukumelana volts 300 DC. Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, kufuneka shunted semiconductor diode (D 245 no D 248, umzekelo), kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ombane nokuxuba yavakala le electrolyte, yaye kuqala bubushushu ngamandla phezulu a lalwano ezi zixhobo, uze ingadubula, elikhulu yaye kuyamangalisa. Ngoko, ngaphandle kokuba kunyanzelekile, kungcono ukuba usebenzise uhlobo iphepha capacitors olufanayo, loo ombane iba rhoqo ubuncinane, nangona variable. Ezinye iinkosi ukuvumela ncam ukusetyenziswa electrolytes kwisekethe iqala. Ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni elifutshane elide ombane nokuxuba, ukuze babe nexesha umlilo. Kungcono ukuba kunjani.

Ukuba akukho capacitors

Apho abemi abaqhelekileyo abaye abanalo ukufikelela kwi-yathengiswa kakhulu iinxalenye zombane nenekhompyutha, ukuthenga kubo? Ezimarikeni yintwala "iimarike thi". Apho ke, unonophelo vypayat (ngokuqhelekileyo abadala) ezandleni umntu ngayo ukuhlamba oomatshini ubudala, shini kunye nezinye izinto ezipapashwe ze yasendlini neyezakhiwo kunye nobuchwepheshe mveliso. Becela ukuba ezi mveliso iqashiso imveliso eSoviet: abathengisi bayazi ukuba umba kuyimfuneko, liya kuthenga, kwaye ukuba akunjalo - nesipho ayiyi kuthabatha. Kuyenzeka ukuba nje izidingo (kule meko capacitor) nje hayi. Kwaye wenza ntoni? Akukhathaliseki! Yehle, resistors, kufuneka onamandla kuphela, ekukhethwa yodongwe kunye vitrified. Kakade ke, lo uxhathiso isigaba (esebenzayo) efanelekileyo oko uyele, kodwa akukho nto kweli hlabathi ayikho egqibeleleyo, kwaye kule meko kulungile. Wonke umzimba wenyama ibe self-inductance, amandla ombane kunye resistivity, nokuba nethontsi uthuli okanye yintaba enkulu. Ukuguqula motor ontlantlu-ntathu kwi sokethi kwenzeka ngokuthi endaweni ukuvimba capacitor phezu Schemes ngasentla, ihlelo ebalwayo yi ifomula:

R = (0,86 x U) / ki, apho:

Ki - isixa esikhoyo yoqhagamshelo ontlantlu-ntathu, kunye;

U - abanyanisekileyo 220 volts zethu.

Yintoni iinjini uza kuthetha?

Ngaphambi kokuba abe eninzi motor imali ukuba umnini Onobuqili ufuna ukusebenzisa njenge drive ye kwevili okuguba, wabona setyhula, drill cofa okanye nasiphi na isixhobo ikhaya luncedo akabi buhlungu ukuba bacinge malunga ukusebenza kwayo le njongo. Akukho wonke injini ontlantlu-ntathu in omnye unikezelo kwisigaba nakho ukusebenzela onke. Umzekelo, uthotho lwe MA (unomatse-cage bakhe plane kunye cage kabini) kumele isuswe ukuze ukuba ndiwele ekhaya ubunzima obukhulu, asinto zanto. Ngokubanzi, ngokuba kuhle ukuba kunjani kuqala, okanye mema umntu onamava, umbane, umzekelo, kunye nokubonisana nabo phambi kokuba uyithenge. ontlantlu-ntathu olungenangqamaniso motor series UAD, APN, AO2, inkampani kakhulu ezifanelekileyo joint-stock kwaye, kakade, kunye A. Ezi iikhowudi eziboniswe abagcine.