Nezithambiso kunye ulwelo zoshishino

Ukwenza iindlela kunye nemisebenzi koomatshini zokusebenza kusetyenziswa izinto zokuthambisa kunye ulwelo zobugcisa. Bona zinika ukuthembeka kunye nocikizeko nokusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Types of zokuthambisa

Xa ukusebenza, intshukumo le ndlela kwenzeka imiphezulu ngokuqhagamshelana kunye ukwehla kwabo ubushushu ukusuka kunobunye. Ukunciphisa yezimbiwa zayo zokuthambisa zokwenziwa zisetyenziswa.

Nezithambiso kunye ulwelo lezoshishino le nxalenye kakhulu njengesiseko iimveliso ziqulathe:

• Distillate - ongenawo neyanamhlanje yamafutha amafutha (iqhekeza ukukhanya);
• ntsalela - neyanamhlanje linuka ifunyenwe.

Omnye okanye olunye uhlobo lwe-oyile izimbiwa ilungisiwe esitiyeni amacandelo distillate yaye intsalela kwi ngawona ezithile kunye nokongeza noko nezongezelelo.

oyile Synthetic eziveliswa Yindibanisela hydrocarbon ezithile kunye Ukongeza koku improvers iimeko zokusebenza.

Types of nezithambiso

• motor;
• transmission;
• hydraulic;
• igrisi.

Kwezithako ukuba izinto zokuthambisa

Iimfuneko oyile ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukileyo, ziya isoloko some. sikhokelo Basic akanako ukunika ngokupheleleyo iimpawu eziyimfuneko leyo anokwenziwa kuphela ngokuthi kongezwe kwezithako e-oyile kwakunye neencindi zobugcisa. imali yabo ivela amaqhezu epesenti ukuya kwi-15% nangaphezulu.

Iintlobo kwezithako:

• umsebenzi Single - nokunika elinye iipropati: anti-banxibe, uxinzelelo obukhulu, viscous, antioxidant, ukukhuhlana ukunciphisa, antifoam, depressor, isepha-dispersant, etc;.
• Ezijongene nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo - iikhompawundi Polymer eliphezulu yokunikwa ioli iimpawu zokusebenza ezininzi;
• iiphakheji additive kunye nokwenziwa - nezongezelelo ephikisanayo kunye enxulumene iikhemikhali leyo kuphucula mihlaba kwaye ukudala uphawu olutsha (components ukuya ku-15).

Iimpawu iioyile kunye ulwelo

Kuba iimveliso ezifana kukutyeba, ulwelo ukusebenza, okanye iinkcukacha GOST zinika iseti yemida ezahlukeneyo nokucacisa iimeko isicelo sabo.

1. Lubricity - ukuhlanganiswa anti-ukukhuhlana, anti-kukuwohloka kunye neepropati obukhulu. I Parameter engundoqo viscosity, leyo ubonakalise uxhathiso ukuhamba phakathi maleko ulwelo (eliguqukayo viscosity, Pa ∙ s). Olunye uphawu lo viscosity kinematic, kumiselwa isantya ephumayo kulwelo womxhuzulane ngokusebenzisa viscometer capillary. It akalwa m ² / s. Kuba oyile sixhomekeke kubaluleke ngokukodwa viscosity kwiqondo lobushushu. Kuqikelelwa yi-viscosity Index.
2. uzinzo thermal - sisalathisi kweepropati antioxidant yeoli, iphawulwa ixesha yotshintsho nentwana yeoli umboniso obhityileyo zefilimu lacquer. I aphezulu oko, imveliso izinga eliphezulu. Inkqubo igcwala iqala xa lashushu 50-60 ° ^C. Amandla kakhulu ukunyuka ukusuka ^malunga 250 C. I-oyile emnyama Ukutshintsha iimpahla zayo physico-chemical.
3. iipropati isepha-dispersant-oyile injini ibonakalisa amandla ayo ukunciphisa ukuyilwa neetyuwa kunye needipozithi carbon ngaphakathi injini nokugcina iimveliso zongcoliseko ezingadibaniyo.
4. Iipropati Anticorrosive amafutha ngokuthe ngcembe zaba yi ekufumbekeni banxibe kobutyobo. Corrosivity balinganisela ixabiso asidi, ligqiba inani mg Koh efunekayo Nokwethisa esiti-1 g i oyile. asidi ngexesha osebenza ngayo kwandisa amaxesha 3-5 kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu iinkcukacha. Iimpawu amafutha ziyaphuculwa ngokwazisa ongeziweyo benza bhanyabhanya zokhuselo kwi Imiphezulu yesinyithi okanye acid lwaze iintsimbi obrak emhlabeni.

amafutha motor

Buyisela iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi (ICE), ingakumbi bafuna ukuthambisa ajikeleze. Kubo wasebenzisa ioli iimoto, iimpawu ezo akhethelwe sezixhobo nganye.

Kangangethuba elide injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi nokuqesha ioli bezimbiwa ecocekileyo. Modern zafaka iinjini ifuna ukuqaliswa kwezithako. Advantageously esetyenzisiweyo oyile multigrade, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno viscosity phezu ebanzi uluhlu lobushushu.

Kuba iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo semi-ezenziwe - amanzi izimbiwa kunye kongezwe organic amacandelo zokwenziwa. Ukuthenga ngayo, kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo ngobunyaniso nomgangatho imveliso. Abaninzi kubo babelane iingcebiso imiyalelo kwisithuthi. Apha kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba abenzi isindululo ioli lophawu, ukusuka apho abangabancediyo nokubanceda. Abo na kakhulu eyazi ekuvelisweni izitampu, kufuneka ulandele amacebiso abo.

Ucalulo amafutha motor

Ngu Performance oyile motor zahlulwa ngokwamaqela ze injini:

• A - isiBeki neforsirovannom (ongeziweyo ezimbalwa).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% kudla).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (ukuya kwi-8% kudla).
• F - olungongezwanga kakhulu (8-12% kwezithako).
• D - kakhulu okukhawulezileyo iinjini diesel kakhulu kwixesha lolayisho (18-25% kudla).

Ngu degree of iklasi oyile viscosity motor 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. imveliso kwanamabakala ahlanganisiweyo injini amafutha of neziseko izimbiwa ngokuthi ukuqina viscosity ephantsi kudla MPF. Zabo kukho iiklasi-10, nganye kuzo uchazwa fraction, umz, 4h / 8. Elingezantsi zebakala viscosity elichazwe kwi -18 ^{° C,} kunye nenani elingaphezulu - at ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Ukuba eyaziwa ndlini oyile injini, umz M-6 _c / 10b _2, oko ziqala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: M - motor 6 _h - viscosity grade kunye ukuqina additive 10 - viscosity kwi-100 ⁰ C, - injini sredneforsirovannyh-2 - engines diesel .

check injini umgangatho oyile senziwe kwiziko diagnostic, nto leyo endinga indlela iindleko ethile. Ingaba kukho indlela elula ukukhangela: kunye uphenyo kufuneka ubeke nethontsi ioli phezu kwephepha. Ukuba kumpompoza kude ngokukhawuleza, eshiya phezu sekile eziliqela okunamafutha, oko kuthetha imveliso esemgangathweni.

ukumelana High kusithwa olwahlula ukulahleka iipropati luncedo. ulawulo olunjalo efanelekileyo zokuvavanya umgangatho igrisi entsha.

amafutha transmission

Ubume ugqithiso luquka yokudluliswa kunye nokusasazwa, iasi, izixhobo esungulayo kunye nabanye. Ukuthambisa ajikeleze ifunelwa iindidi ngeendidi amagiya. oyile Gear ziveliswa ukusuka izimbiwa okanye kwisiseko semisynthetic kunye ongeziweyo ezisebenzayo esekelwe chlorine, phosphorus, isalfure, disulfide, ekudaleni protective umboniso, ziluvingcile izinto kwiimpembelelo ezingakhiyo. agents viscosity kufuneka agcine umboniso kwi umthwalo eliphezulu lobushushu. Ngeentsuku ezibandayo, lo viscosity oyile akufuneki angqamane kunye neendlela, nto leyo ikhethwe ukwakheka, isalathiso efanelekileyo viscosity.

Imisebenzi Gear oli:

• ukuncitshiswa neelahleko kunobunye kunye izibuko;
• ukususwa ubushushu imimandla zoqhagamshelwano;
• ukuncitshiswa imithwalo kukothuka;
• non-ziyityhefu kwaye non inkunkuma-.

Eyona ezingabizi kakhulu zobugcisa ulwelo kunye igrisi ezisekelwe kwi-oyile bezimbiwa. Bona babe neempawu ezintle, ukudala a protective umboniso ethembekileyo.

oyile Synthetic axhome kakhulu ngokomgangatho, kodwa imveliso kakhulu eninzi. ixabiso elihle lemali yi semi-ezenziwe.

oyile transmission Domestic ziquka viscosity grade 4. Ngokutsho iimpawu yokusebenza ukuba yahlulwe ngamaqela 5. Ukumakishwa ezaqanjwa ezahlukeneyo zibonisa iimpawu ezingundoqo, umzekelo, Xhosa-5-9 _ka - transmission oyile Group 5, le viscosity we-9 udidi ukuqina additive. UMZEKELO Classification amazwe - æ 80W-90, apho uphawu ibonisa 80 - viscosity kwibakala, W - standard 90 - ulungelelene viscosity ongama-14 mm ² / s kwi 99 ⁰ C.

Ulwelo kwiinkqubo hydraulic

Kwiinkqubo gidromehanizmov kunye actuators ngenxa Mawahlaziyeke ulwelo ezizodwa zobugcisa zisetyenziswa. Ezi mfuno:

• pumpability, kwaye uxhomekeke lobushushu encinane viscosity;
• nokumelana eliphezulu kwaye akukho ukufukuka okanye ukuthotywa kwezimvu hydraulic;
• lubricity eliphezulu;
• iikhemikhali kunye nozinzo ebonakalayo gama kugcinwe lo propati yokuqupha ixesha elide ngexesha ukusebenza;
• kukungabikho ukungcola, amanzi kunye nezinto onakalisayo ezibangela umhlwa.

ioli ngamanzi ziquka malunga 20 iintlobo. Bona eyenziwa alpha distillates petroleum kunye nezongezelelo. I-oyile othini ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo AU. Eyaziwa oyile MG-30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10A.

Ulwelo for dampers kunye neenkqubo waqhekeza

Wazaphula ulwelo zobuchwepheshe yenzelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo hydraulic. Ezi mfuno:

• indawo eliphantsi qhwa;
• a viscosity encinane;
• lubricity elungileyo;
• nokumelana;
• akukho yingozi irabha ezitywine.

Iintlobo iziselo wayaphula.

1. PrintPro - 60% kukaCastor ioli + 40% ethanol.
2. SBR - 50% kukaCastor ioli + 50% butyl utywala.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% utywala.
4. "Neva" kunye inani elincinane amanyathelo-22m - a ongeziweyo ethers-based.
5. "UTom" - umxube glycols kunye esters of boric acid.

Brake fluid rhoqo kukaCastor technical kubushushu ngezantsi -20 ⁰ C. lukhuni, kodwa utywala kuphela lihlala isisombululo. Kulo mba, zikhetwa ngokuxhomekeke mmandla. Ukutshintshwa ulwelo zombini ihlobo nobusika lunqabe kwenziwa. Kakhulu olufuna zonke-lonyaka sokukhomba Ukuqamba engamanzi ezisekelwe ethers. Olungileyo kubo "UTom", nto leyo eye iipropati ngokudleka anti-wear elungileyo.

Yothuse ukusebenzisa imixube AF-12T kunye IHP-10, equka umxube ioli izimbiwa kunye viscosity eliphantsi abicah fluid kunye nezongezelelo.

ulwelo technical

Inkqubo Ukupholisa ulwelo yenzelwe ukugcina obushushu efunekayo imo ICE. Kuyinto ivalekile, wemka ubushushu ukusuka iindlela zokusebenza ngokugqithisa kwiradiyetha kokusingqongileyo.

Ngaphambili, izityalo amandla lupholile ngamanzi, kodwa washiywa ngenxa uba ezincinane ngqele abilayo. Ngaphezu koko, yenza umhlwa, kwaye umthombo ngesinyithi.

Kwixesha elizayo, ulwelo zobugcisa yatshintsha kumafa, kodwa iziseko zihlala emanzini.

Isicelo enkulu kunazo wafumana isinqandi - umxube wamanzi kunye glycols kunye nezongezelelo ezizodwa. Bona banamalungelo zilandelayo:

• indawo eliphantsi qhwa;
• ukwanda okuncinane phezu yovalo;
• abilayo point ngaphezu 110 ^{° C;}
• iipropati ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe elungileyo.

Isinqandi ngokusekelwe ethylene ethers cheap - kuba izinto ezingamanzi enetyhefu zobugcisa. ubuthi Lower ube sisincoko esekelwe propylene ethers, kodwa iindleko zabo iphezulu kakhulu.

isiphelo

Oyile kunye ulwelo zobugcisa Ndaziswa emarikeni uluhlu olubanzi. Umqhubi ngaphandle amava sesicelo sazo kufuneka ugxininise ezo zililo, imiyalelo ekucetyiswa ukuba imoto brand ethile. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwixesha ubusika yokusebenza. Xa igcina imoto egaraji eshushu kakhulu ifanele onke amaxesha engamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba ugxininise kwiziphawuli umgangatho, kungekhona ngexabiso. Ukongeza, kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kwezinye izinto, ezifana ubomi injini.