UWilliam koloyiso 1: engobomi, iifoto, ebudeni bolawulo

UWilliam koloyiso - iNkosana eNormandy, ukumkani waseNgilani (ukusukela ngo1066), ngumququzeleli we Norman ekoyiswa eNgilani, enye enkulu abezopolitiko Europe XI leminyaka.

ukuhlasela kwakhe eNgilani kwaba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo lizwe.

ebuntwaneni

Njengayo nayiphi na inani ngembali kumaXesha Aphakathi, uWilliam 1 yaziwa evela kwimithombo ezibhaliweyo, uninzi lwazo kakubi ugcinwe. Ngenxa yoko, ababhali-mbali nangoku bebangisana ngawo xa iNkosana eNormandy owazalwa. Kaninzi abaphandi zibhekisa 1027 okanye 1028.

1 UWilliam wazalelwa Falaise. Yaba enye zokuhlala kayise, uRobert uMtyholi - iNkosana eNormandy. I wayengunyana kuphela umlawuli, owayeza ilifa itrone emva kokufa kwakhe. Noko ke, ingxaki kukuba uWilliam wazalwa ngaphandle komtshato ngokusesikweni, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ingqalelo imigqakhwe. Le isiko lamaKristu ungayamkeli aba abantwana ezisemthethweni.

Noko ke, uNorman uyazi eyahlukileyo kakhulu evela kubamelwane babo. Nezikhundla zayo inertia enamandla amasiko nezithethe maxesha yobuhedeni. Xa lento uyijonga, usana niyidle ilifa kakuhle amandla.

ukufa kayise

Ngowe-1034, uyise ka-William baya oluya kwiLizwe oyiNgcwele. Kuloo minyaka, olu hambo kwakugcwele iingozi ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, wenza ukuthanda kwakhe, apho wabonisa ukuba unyana ekuphela wakhe wayeza kuba yindlalifa isihloko xa kukho ukufa kwakhe. I-Duke Ndandivakalelwa kukuba Isiphelo sakhe. Emva kokutyelela eYerusalem, waya ekhaya wafa kwindlela eNicaea kunyaka ozayo.

Ngoko Wilhelm 1 iNkosana eNormandy nangoku ebuntwaneni kakhulu. Noko ke, igama lakhe "lokuqala" kuhambelana isihloko sayo sobukhosi eNgilani. E eNormandy, waba yesibini. amalungu amaninzi yabantu basebukhosini zaye aneliseke imvelaphi zesini yomlawuli entsha. Noko ke, izinduna yenani izitha ngeke bakwazi ukunikela engenye nani endilisekileyo. Amanye amalungu ubukhosi okanye baba ngababingeleli okanye baba abantwana.

Ubuthathaka noomagunya, duchy wajika eNormandy sibe ekujoliswe lula abamelwane ezinobutshaba. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. iigrafu ezininzi neendwalutho abalawula kulo mmandla waseFransi, baye kuhlala yi yeemfazwe zembujiswano kunye.

Imvukelo eenkosi Norman

Xa umlawuli eNormandy yaba uphethe ofanelekileyo - ukumkani eFransi, uHenry I. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe, nguye lowo kunikezela le nkwenkwe a knight, xa wayeza ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala emntaneni. Kwaba njalo. Lo msitho emisiweyo lwaqhutywa ngo-1042. Emva koko, uWilliam 1 ndafumana ilungelo elisemthethweni ukulawula duchy yakhe.

Qho ngonyaka oko liya anciphise kulawulo karhulumente. Oku kwabacaphukisa neenkosi ezininzi wobukhosi. Ngenxa impi William kwafuneka abaleke eNormandy kuye uKumkani yaseFransi. Henry I akwazi ukunceda wayenguphum yakhe. Wahlanganisa umkhosi, leyo yena ngqo kunye Wilhelm.

The French wadibana zizigwili bamphikisa Dune Valley. Apha ngo 1047 yaba kwidabi. I-Duke oselula wazibonakalisa njengegorha okhaliphileyo, enika intlonipho kwabanye. Ngexesha alwe ecaleni kwakhe wafudukela enye izinduna, ukuze ekugqibeleni akonwabanga ulandelelwano iqela. Emva kwale mfazwe, uWilliam ukwazi ukwenza duchy yakhe.

Empini okwilizwe Maine

Ukuba umlawuli yedwa eNormandy, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi omtsha waqalisa ukuba aqhube inkqubo esebenzayo amazwe. Nangona into yokuba ngokusesikweni i-France waqhubeka kulawula ukumkani, akhonze bakhe, babenenkululeko enkulu, kodwa ngengqiqo ethile, bonke yedwa.

Enye okhuphisana eziphambili Wilhelm waba Bala Anzhu Zhoffrua. Ngo-1051, uYesu ungene kwisiphaluka encinane Maine ecaleni eNormandy. Wilhelm waba kwiphondo akhonze zabo, ngenxa apho waya kulwa ummelwane. Count of Anjou ukuphendula wacela inkxaso uKumkani yaseFransi. UHenry yakhokelela eNormandy kunye nezinye iinkosi - abalawuli Aquitaine ne Burgundy.

Ukuqala elide imfazwe yamakhaya, abeza ahlukile empumelelo. Kwelinye iimfazwe William uyotywe Bala Ponte Gi I. wakhululwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva, waba ingumbuso le nkosana.

UKumkani uHenry French ndafa ngo-1060, yaye emva kokuba zidlule kwaye Count of Anjou. Emva kokufa wendalo abachasi bakhe, Wilhelm wagqiba ukwenza uxolo Paris. Wabanika eli isifungo kukumkani omtsha - a minor Philip I. ingxabano phakathi ziindlalifa e Anjou Geoffroy vumela uWilliam ekugqibeleni kuwoyisa Maine eselumelwaneni.

Pretender kuyo itrone IsiNgesi

Ngo1066, uKumkani Eduard Ispovednik wafa eNgilani. Akabanga iindlalifa, leyo kubaxa umba ukuqhubeka ngamandla. UKumkani waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni William - ukuba babehlangene. Umkhulu Richard Ii nkosana ngexesha babulalana kwabodwa sisibhadu kaEduardo abazimela ngexesha elinye imfazwe yamakhaya. Ukongeza, ukumkani akazange ungathanda isangqa wakhe ababawa obunazo yasebukhosini eliqela yaseScandinavia, naye unelungelo lokulawula.

Ngenxa yoku, Edward ukhokelwa umhlobo ngakumzantsi wayo. Sam uWilliam koloyiso 1 ngomkhombe, eNgilani apho wayetyelele akhe sizana. ubudlelwano ziye zakhokelela ekubeni inkosi, phambi kokufa kwakhe ithunyelwe iNkosana Harold Godwinson (ingumbuso yakhe) lokumnika itrone IsiNgesi emva kokufa kwakhe. Endleleni, umthunywa ekubandezelweni kwam. Bala Guy I of Ponthieu wamthabatha banjwa. William uHarold wanceda ukuba babalekele inkululeko.

Emva kwale nkonzo uNdikhoyo feudal bazithoba kukumkani elizayo eNgilani. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka embalwa itshintshe kakhulu. Xa Wafa Edward, i-Anglo-Saxon uKumkani Harold wavakalisa uyazi. Le ndaba kwaba unpleasantly wothuka Wilhelm. Ukuthatha ithuba nelungelo labo zomthetho, wawuqokelela umkhosi othembekileyo waya iinqanawa siqithi wasentla.

Umbutho we iphulo lokulwa England

Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni kwembambano kunye British UWilhelm 1 (biography ogama wayezele izenzo kakuhle kubalwa) azama ukweyisela amazwe aseYurophu kwi ekunene. Ngenxa yoku, wabanika ngundaba isifungo wonke wamnika Harold. Kwi iindaba asabela nkqu Pope, owaxhasa iNkosana eNormandy.

UWilhelm, ikhusela isidima sayo, negalelo yokuba umkhosi kwayena zonke kartel abatsha ezamahala, ngubani babekulungele kumnceda kumlo ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi kuhluthwa kwanoko anako. Le nkxaso "ngamazwe" kukhokelele ekubeni kuphela ngokusemthethweni ibe yesithathu yomkhosi. Zonke phantsi kwebhanile lwe William wajika amajoni kakuhle axhobileyo malunga 7000. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho elihamba kunye mahashe. Bonke uhleli enqanaweni kunye ngaxeshanye lawela kunxweme yaseBritani.

Siyaqondakala ngokuba phulo kakubi-wamitha, nto leyo lwenziwa Wilhelm 1. biography Emfutshane umlawuli ephakathi iqulathe ngokupheleleyo iimfazwe amadabi, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba bakwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo amava abo elidluleyo kwetyala lakhe eziphambili.

War ne Harold

Ngeli xesha, uHarold wayexakekile kumantla eNgilani bazama ukuxhathisa ayehlasela Vikings Norwegian. Emva kokufunda lo ukugaleleka ngokusemthethweni, uHarold wakhawuleza ukuya ezantsi. Inyaniso yokuba umkhosi wakhe kwafuneka ukuba balwe kwi miba mibini, uthe le ndlela ibuhlungu kuba wokugqibela ukumkani Anglo-Saxon.

October 14, ngo1066 wadibana imikhosi utshaba e Hastings. Mpi abakwa wathatha iiyure ngaphezu kweshumi, nto leyo emangalisayo elo xesha. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe, idabi lwaqala wexesha elizeleyo idabi kartel ezimbini ezikhethiweyo. Le ezimbini zokucwangcisa, laphela kunye uNorman oyisiwe, ngubani wayinqumla intloko utshaba lwakhe.

Okulandelayo kwafika ithuba ngenxa yabatoli. Zidubule i Anglo-amaSaxons, ngubani nangoko bazibona phantsi uhlaselwa amahashe kunye nomkhosi. umkhosi kaHarold woyiswa. Ukumkani naye wabulawa edabini.

Ekungqingweni of London, kwaye ibekwa

Emva kokuba uloyiso olo lotshaba, bonke iNgilani waba ukuzikhusela uWilliam. Waya eLondon. ngabafo Local bakhawuleza bangamaqela amabini ukungalingani. Inxalenye ezincinane wayefuna ukuqhubeka ukuxhathisa abasemzini. Noko ke, yonke imihla enkampini weza Wilhelm zizigwili ezintsha Zizi abo bazithoba irhuluneli entsha. Ekugqibeleni, ngoDisemba 25, ngo1066 phambi kwakhe wavula ngamasango esi sixeko.

Emva koko e Westminster Abbey, lo ibekwa ka-Qonce. Nangona ukuba igunya ezisemthethweni kweli phondo wayekade ukungaboni lendawo le Anglo-amaSaxons. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-entsha Korol Vilgelm 1 Nathwala ulwakhiwo inani elikhulu iinqaba iinqaba, leyo waba ligwiba amajoni bakhe abanyanisekileyo kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe.

Ukulwa uxhathiso kwi-Anglo-amaSaxons

Iminyaka yokuqala embalwa, ngokusemthethweni kwafuneka ukungqina ilungelo labo lilawule ngenkani ndisisilo. Nemvukelo washiya kumantla eNgilani, apho kwabe nempembelelo ngamandla umyalelo omdala. 1 Korol Vilgelm koloyiso wathumela rhoqo umkhosi waza ngokuphindaphindiweyo wayiqhubela hambo sazela. imeko yakhe nzima kukuba abavukeli ixhaswa Danes, mikhombe phezu iinqanawa evela emhlabeni nomsinga. Kwakukho amadabi eziliqela ezibalulekileyo kunye notshaba, apho abaphumeleleyo zazisoloko ngokusemthethweni.

Ngo-1070 i Danes agxothwayo eNgilani, kwaye abavukeli yokugqibela phakathi izikhulu endala kungeniswa kwenkosi entsha. Enye iinkokeli koqhankqalazo Edgar Eteling abalekela kumazwe angabamelwane eSkotlani. nomlawuli walo uMalcolm III afihla abaphalaphalayo.

Ngenxa yoku, eli phulo elandelayo, intloko apho wema uWilliam koloyiso 1 walungiswa. Biography King zizizalise enye impumelelo. UMalcolm wavuma ukumbona njengoko umlawuli eNgilani, kwaye ubuthembisile ukuba iintshaba zakhe phakathi Anglo-amaSaxons. Njengokuba ubungqina iinjongo zabo lokumkani Scottish wathumela unyana wakhe njenge bathinjwa uDavide Wilhelm (oku sisithethe eqhelekileyo ukuba ixesha).

ibhodi olunye

Emva kwemfazwe, ukumkani eNgilani kwafuneka bakhusele umhlaba wookhokho babo eNormandy. Awavukela nonyana wakhe uRobert, wayengafuni ukuba uyise akazange amnike amandla lokwenene. Wacela inkxaso uKumkani uPhilip France ekhula. Kwiminyaka embalwa waya kwenye imfazwe, apho lowo uphumeleleyo kwakanye kwakhona Wilhelm.

Le uvulele iye uyaphazamiseka kuye evela kwimicimbi yangaphakathi IsiNgesi. Noko ke, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ke wabuyela eLondon waza kubo ngqo. mpumelelo yakhe iphambili kuthathwa le ncwadi. Ebudeni bolawulo UWilhelm 1 (1066-1087) ebibanjwe ubalo jikelele zorhwebo komhlaba ebukumkanini. Iziphumo kuboniswe kwincwadi dumeke.

Ukufa kunye nenzala

Ngowe-1087, uKumkani ihashe wasondela phezu kwamalahle avuthayo, kwaye wazibhukuqa oko. Xa walimala ezasebukhosini. Inxalenye iinqwelo wahlatywa isisu sakhe. Wilhelm wafa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Wafa ngoSeptemba 9, 1087. Unyana wakhe wesibini uWilliam ezabiwa ubukumkani IsiNgesi, kwaye omdala, uRobert - uNorman duchy.

Conquest of England kwabutshintsha kwimbali yelizwe. Namhlanje, kuzo zonke iincwadi zezifundo imbali yaseBritani kukho ifoto William 1. ubukhosi bakhe leliya lizwe de-1154.