Biography emfutshane ka Adam Smith: kukufezekisa ngezoqoqosho kunye namanqaku anika umdla

biography emfutshane ka Adam Smith sikuvumela ukuba ubone kakuhle oko kubomi ngezoqoqosho odumileyo kweSkotlani, umseki ingcamango zoqoqosho zale mihla. Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba sobulumko yokuziphatha.

Biography Economist

biography emfutshane ka Adam Smith iqala ngo-1723. Wazalelwa kwidolophu Kirkcaldy ebukumkanini Scotland. Kuyaqapheleka ukuba ayisekho ngobomi eyinkunzi epheleleyo ngezoqoqosho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Sekunjalo kwekhulu XVIII yaba lixesha nini ukubhala inyathelo ngalinye loo mntu non-ukwamkela. Ngoko kakuhle zonke iinkcukacha zobomi Smith, asazi nokuba umhla lakhe ngqo wokuzalwa. Kodwa yaziwa ukuba uyise wayeyindoda zizifundiswa - igqwetha kunye igosa amasiko a. Noko ke, kwiinyanga nje ezimbini emva kokuzalwa kuka-Adam, wafa.

Unina intombi umninindlu enkulu, ngubani akubona ukuba inkwenkwe imfundo efanelekileyo. biography emfutshane yamabango Adam Smith ukuba umntwana kuphela entsatsheni, njengoko kungekho bungqina nabazalwana noodade bakhe abazange basinde. Le ijika elibi ebomini bakhe kwenzeka kwiminyaka-4 ubudala, xa ndebiwa yi gypsies. Noko ke, ukuze azithwale azisuse inkwenkwe kude akuphumelelanga. Izihlobo kuhlangulwa. Kunokuba bahlale eminqubeni, yena waye kwisikolo olungileyo Kirkcaldy, ukuqalela kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni yena engqongwe inani elikhulu leencwadi.

Smith Education

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-14 wangena University of Glasgow Adam Smit. biography olufutshane noosozoqoqosho elizayo baqala ukuphuhlisa ngempumelelo. Ngapha koko, waye ebizwa ngokuba yi-iziko le-Scottish yiEnlightenment. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, yena wafunda iziseko bulumko kunye nomxhasi ezaziwayo deism Francis Hutcheson. imfundo Smith yaba ezahlukahlukeneyo kakhulu. Le khosi eyunivesithi lwabandakanya ekuqiqeni, intanda yokuziphatha, iilwimi zamandulo, ezifana isiGrike, ngokunjalo ngeenkwenkwezi nakwimathematika.

Xa ngobomi emfutshane Adam Smith waphawula ukuba nabo babecinga ukuba ubuncinane engaqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, akaba lula ukucinga nzulu, ukuba inkampani enengxolo kunye nokuzila, lo gama angaphenduli kwabanye.

Ngowe-1740 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Oxford Adam Smit. biography emfutshane ngezoqoqosho ikuvumela uyazi ukuba kukho wafumana inkxaso-mali yokufunda, wafundela ukuba ewonke kwiminyaka emi-6. Kulo mzekelo, i-nzulu ebaluleke kakhulu kwimfundo ezifunyenweyo apho, ngokuqaphela ukuba inkoliso oonjingalwazi kule ziko ixesha elide wala Yokufundisa ukubonakala. Noko ke, yena abagulayo rhoqo yaye akazange abonise umdla incinane kuqoqosho.

kwimisebenzi yezobunzululwazi

Xa imisebenzi yophando nokufundisa yaqala ngo-1748 Adam Smit (a ngobomi emfutshane sisazinzulu eyithethayo ngaloo ndlela). Waqalisa abathethise kwi kwiYunivesithi Edinburgh. Ekuqaleni, ke bengenanto yakwenza kuqoqosho, yaye uzinikele uncwadi IsiNgesi kunye nomthetho kamva, ngoko wasithanda zezeqoqosho bakhe uyise yokuhlalisana.

Yaba kule eyunivesithi yokuqala ukuvela nomdla uqoqosho Adam Smith. yezoqoqosho Scottish kunye bulumko baqalisa ukuvakalisa iingcamango liberalism koqoqosho ekuqaleni 1750s.

Smith Impumelelo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1750 Adam Smit (Adam Smith), apho ngobomi emfutshane ekhankanywe ngokuyimfuneko, badibana sobulumko Scottish uDavide Hume. izimvo zabo efanayo, kubonakala ngezenzo zabo ezininzi ezidibeneyo. Baye nikela nje kuqoqosho kodwa yonqulo, ezopolitiko, bulumko, imbali. Oosonzululwazi ezimbini ziye wadlala mhlawumbi indima engundoqo kwi-Scottish yiEnlightenment.

Ngowe-1751 Smith wamiselwa unjingalwazi ekuqiqeni kwiYunivesithi Glasgow, ngubani kwaba kanye ebesekulufezeni. Impumelelo yakhe elandelayo yaba indawo yesikole, ilifa ngo 1758.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Ngowe-1759, Smith wakhupha incwadi yakhe ethandwayo "Le Theory of Imizwa Yokuziphatha." Kuye ngokusekelwe iintetho zakhe kwiYunivesithi Glasgow. Kulo msebenzi oko kuhlalutywa ngokweenkcukacha imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yokuziphatha, eneneni ukuthetha ngokuchasene yokuziphatha ibandla, ngelo xesha ingxelo yinto yotshintsho olululo. Kungenjalo, ukoyika yokuya esihogweni Smith ecetywayo ukuvavanya izenzo zabo ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa yokuziphatha, ngoko wavakalisa ngokwakhe wakhetha ukulingana yokuziphatha kwabantu bonke.

Personal sesayensi impilo

Malunga ubomi yabucala Adam Smith yaziwa kancinane kakhulu. Idatha aziphelelanga kunye zale ncwadi. Ngenxa yoko, kukholelwa ukuba kabini, e Glasgow kunye Edinburgh, ukuba phantse utshatile, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile nto ayizange yenzeke.

Ngenxa yoko, bonke inzululwazi ubomi bakhe wachitha nonina, abaye bafa kwiminyaka emithandathu kuphela ngaphambi kokuba unyana wakhe nomzala, ngubani wahlala spinster. Ababephila inzululwazi bathi indlu yakhe lisoloko wondla ukutya yemveli Scottish, amasiko endawo kakhulu.

theory kwezoqoqosho

Ukanti imisebenzi ebalulekileyo nzulu ingqalelo lo othi "ubutyebi beentlanga." Kuye yapapashwa ngo-1776. Eyokuqala imbali yahlulwe iincwadi ezintlanu. The Economist lokuqala uphonononga izizathu ukuba akuncede ukwandisa imveliso, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukwahlukanisa imveliso phakathi iiklasi abantu ngendlela yemvelo.

Kwincwadi yesibini sichaza uhlobo lwenkunzi, isicelo yayo abekwe. Kwandule ke ukubakho inxalenye malunga ukuphuhlisa indlela kakuhle-ntle phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo, njalo njalo iinkqubo yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko. Kwaye encwadini yokugqibela, umbhali ubhala malunga yengeniso eya kurhulumente kunye kumkani.

Indlela entsha kuqoqosho ecetywayo Adam Smit. biography elifutshane, kwemibhalo aphorisms aziwa kakuhle bonke abayithandayo zakhe. Intetho ethi kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle na ukuba isandla engabonakaliyo emarikeni abaqeshwe ukukhuthaza esiphelweni okwenza ekuqaleni asiyonjongo yayo. Smith kwincwadi yakhe unika umbono yayo indima kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho karhulumente. Kamva ke oko kwazeka ngokuba ingcamango zoqobo kwezoqoqosho.

Ukungqinelana nalo urhulumente linyanzelekile ukuba ukhuseleko imiba yobomi babantu, kwakunye inviolability kwipropati yabucala. Kufuneka kwakhona kunceda ukusombulula iingxabano phakathi abemi ngokusekelwe umthetho nobulungisa. Ukushwankathela, singatsho ukuba urhulumente kufuneka athathe phezu imisebenzi enze umntu akakwazi okanye ukwenza kube angasebenzi.

Smith waba sisazinzulu yokuqala ukuchaza ngemigaqo rhwebo. Lowo wasiphikisa ngelithi ukuba zonke umrhwebi unqwenela ukufikelela izinto zabo zabucala kunye zobuqu. Kodwa ke, kuya kuba nenzuzo enkulu ukuba kuluntu lonke, nokuba usomashishini ethile akazange acinge ngayo okanye ongayithandiyo. Imeko esisiseko ekuphumezeni zawo Smith ekuthiwa inkululeko yezoqoqosho, kufuneka ibe sisiseko kwezolimo. Kwakhona, kufuneka kubekho inkululeko khuphiswano, kwezigqibo kunye nokukhetha namasimi yomsebenzi.

Smith wafa e Edinburgh ngo-1790. Wayeneminyaka eli-67 ubudala. Yokuba wayephethwe isifo wamathumbu.